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Broughton, V.: Essential thesaurus construction (2006)
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- BK
- 06.70 / Katalogisierung / Bestandserschließung
06.30 / Bibliothekswesen / Dokumentationswesen: Allgemeines
- Classification
- 06.70 / Katalogisierung / Bestandserschließung
06.30 / Bibliothekswesen / Dokumentationswesen: Allgemeines
- Footnote
- Rez. in: Mitt. VÖB 60(2007) H.1, S.98-101 (O. Oberhauser): "Die Autorin von Essential thesaurus construction (and essential taxonomy construction, so der implizite Untertitel, vgl. S. 1) ist durch ihre Lehrtätigkeit an der bekannten School of Library, Archive and Information Studies des University College London und durch ihre bisherigen Publikationen auf den Gebieten (Facetten-)Klassifikation und Thesaurus fachlich einschlägig ausgewiesen. Nach Essential classification liegt nun ihr Thesaurus-Lehrbuch vor, mit rund 200 Seiten Text und knapp 100 Seiten Anhang ein handliches Werk, das seine Genese zum Grossteil dem Lehrbetrieb verdankt, wie auch dem kurzen Einleitungskapitel zu entnehmen ist. Das Buch ist der Schule von Jean Aitchison et al. verpflichtet und wendet sich an "the indexer" im weitesten Sinn, d.h. an alle Personen, die ein strukturiertes, kontrolliertes Fachvokabular für die Zwecke der sachlichen Erschliessung und Suche erstellen wollen bzw. müssen. Es möchte dieser Zielgruppe das nötige methodische Rüstzeug für eine solche Aufgabe vermitteln, was einschliesslich der Einleitung und der Schlussbemerkungen in zwanzig Kapiteln geschieht - eine ansprechende Strukturierung, die ein wohldosiertes Durcharbeiten möglich macht. Zu letzterem tragen auch die von der Autorin immer wieder gestellten Übungsaufgaben bei (Lösungen jeweils am Kapitelende). Zu Beginn der Darstellung wird der "information retrieval thesaurus" von dem (zumindest im angelsächsischen Raum) weit öfter mit dem Thesaurusbegriff assoziierten "reference thesaurus" abgegrenzt, einem nach begrifflicher Ähnlichkeit angeordneten Synonymenwörterbuch, das gerne als Mittel zur stilistischen Verbesserung beim Abfassen von (wissenschaftlichen) Arbeiten verwendet wird. Ohne noch ins Detail zu gehen, werden optische Erscheinungsform und Anwendungsgebiete von Thesauren vorgestellt, der Thesaurus als postkoordinierte Indexierungssprache erläutert und seine Nähe zu facettierten Klassifikationssystemen erwähnt. In der Folge stellt Broughton die systematisch organisierten Systeme (Klassifikation/ Taxonomie, Begriffs-/Themendiagramme, Ontologien) den alphabetisch angeordneten, wortbasierten (Schlagwortlisten, thesaurusartige Schlagwortsysteme und Thesauren im eigentlichen Sinn) gegenüber, was dem Leser weitere Einordnungshilfen schafft. Die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von Thesauren als Mittel der Erschliessung (auch als Quelle für Metadatenangaben bei elektronischen bzw. Web-Dokumenten) und der Recherche (Suchformulierung, Anfrageerweiterung, Browsing und Navigieren) kommen ebenso zur Sprache wie die bei der Verwendung natürlichsprachiger Indexierungssysteme auftretenden Probleme. Mit Beispielen wird ausdrücklich auf die mehr oder weniger starke fachliche Spezialisierung der meisten dieser Vokabularien hingewiesen, wobei auch Informationsquellen über Thesauren (z.B. www.taxonomywarehouse.com) sowie Thesauren für nicht-textuelle Ressourcen kurz angerissen werden.
In den stärker ins Detail gehenden Kapiteln weist Broughton zunächst auf die Bedeutung des systematischen Teils eines Thesaurus neben dem alphabetischen Teil hin und erläutert dann die Elemente des letzteren, wobei neben den gängigen Thesaurusrelationen auch die Option der Ausstattung der Einträge mit Notationen eines Klassifikationssystems erwähnt wird. Die Thesaurusrelationen selbst werden später noch in einem weiteren Kapitel ausführlicher diskutiert, wobei etwa auch die polyhierarchische Beziehung thematisiert wird. Zwei Kapitel zur Vokabularkontrolle führen in Aspekte wie Behandlung von Synonymen, Vermeidung von Mehrdeutigkeit, Wahl der bevorzugten Terme sowie die Formen von Thesauruseinträgen ein (grammatische Form, Schreibweise, Zeichenvorrat, Singular/Plural, Komposita bzw. deren Zerlegung usw.). Insgesamt acht Kapitel - in der Abfolge mit den bisher erwähnten Abschnitten didaktisch geschickt vermischt - stehen unter dem Motto "Building a thesaurus". Kurz zusammengefasst, geht es dabei um folgende Tätigkeiten und Prozesse: - Sammlung des Vokabulars unter Nutzung entsprechender Quellen; - Termextraktion aus den Titeln von Dokumenten und Probleme hiebei; - Analyse des Vokabulars (Facettenmethode); - Einbau einer internen Struktur (Facetten und Sub-Facetten, Anordnung der Terme); - Erstellung einer hierarchischen Struktur und deren Repräsentation; - Zusammengesetzte Themen bzw. Begriffe (Facettenanordnung: filing order vs. citation order); - Konvertierung der taxonomischen Anordnung in ein alphabetisches Format (Auswahl der Vorzugsbegriffe, Identifizieren hierarchischer Beziehungen, verwandter Begriffe usw.); - Erzeugen der endgültigen Thesaurus-Einträge.
Diese Abschnitte sind verständlich geschrieben und trotz der mitunter gar nicht so einfachen Thematik auch für Einsteiger geeignet. Vorteilhaft ist sicherlich, dass die Autorin die Thesauruserstellung konsequent anhand eines einzelnen thematischen Beispiels demonstriert und dafür das Gebiet "animal welfare" gewählt hat, wohl nicht zuletzt auch deshalb, da die hier auftretenden Facetten und Beziehungen ohne allzu tiefgreifende fachwissenschaftliche Kenntnisse für die meisten Leser nachvollziehbar sind. Das methodische Gerüst der Facettenanalyse wird hier deutlich stärker betont als etwa in der (spärlichen) deutschsprachigen Thesaurusliteratur. Diese Vorgangsweise soll neben der Ordnungsbildung auch dazu verhelfen, die Zahl der Deskriptoren überschaubar zu halten und weniger auf komplexe (präkombinierte) Deskriptoren als auf postkoordinierte Indexierung zu setzen. Dafür wird im übrigen das als Verfeinerung der bekannten Ranganathanschen PMEST-Formel geltende Schema der 13 "fundamental categories" der UK Classification Research Group (CRG) vorgeschlagen bzw. in dem Beispiel verwendet (Thing / Kind / Part / Property; Material / Process / Operation; Patient / Product / By-product / Agent; Space; Time). Als "minor criticism" sei erwähnt, dass Broughton in ihrem Demonstrationsbeispiel als Notation für die erarbeitete Ordnung eine m.E. schwer lesbare Buchstabenfolge verwendet, obwohl sie zugesteht (S. 165), dass ein Zifferncode vielfach als einfacher handhabbar empfunden wird.
In einem abschliessenden Kapitel geht das Buch auf Thesauruspflege und -verwaltung ein, wobei auch das Thema "Thesaurussoftware" angerissen wird - letzteres vielleicht ein wenig zu kurz. Erst hier mag manchem unbefangenen Leser bewusst werden, dass die in den vorhergehenden Kapiteln dargestellte Methodik eigentlich ohne den Einsatz dezidierter Software besprochen wurde, ja vielleicht auch so besprochen werden musste, um ein entsprechendes Verständnis herzustellen. In der nachfolgenden zweiseitigen Conclusio wird erwähnt, dass die britische Norm Structured Vocabularies for Information Retrieval (BS 8723) vor einer Neufassung stehe - was den Rezensenten darauf hinzuweisen gemahnt, dass sich dieses Buch natürlich ausschliesslich auf den anglo-amerikanischen Sprachraum und die dort geltenden Thesaurus-Gepflogenheiten bezieht. Der relativ umfangreiche Anhang beinhaltet ausser Materialie zum erwähnten Demonstrationsbeispiel auch ein nützliches Glossarium sowie ein professionell gefertigtes Sachregister. Literaturhinweise werden - in sparsamer Dosierung - jeweils am Ende der einzelnen Kapitel gegeben, sodass sich die "Bibliography" am Ende des Buches auf einige Normen und zwei Standardwerke beschränken kann. Realistisch betrachtet, darf vermutlich nicht davon ausgegangen werden, dass Leser, die dieses Buch durchgearbeitet haben, sogleich in der Lage sein werden, eigenständig einen Thesaurus zu erstellen. Ein Lehrbuch allein kann weder einen Kurs noch die praktische Erfahrung ersetzen, die für eine solche Tätigkeit vonnöten sind. Ich kann mir aber gut vorstellen, dass die Kenntnis der in diesem Buch vermittelten Inhalte sehr wohl in die Lage versetzt, in einem Team, das einen Thesaurus erstellen soll, kompetent mitzuarbeiten, mit den Konzepten und Fachtermini zurechtzukommen und selbst konstruktive Beiträge zu leisten. Ausserdem erscheint mir das Werk hervorragend als Begleitmaterial zu einer Lehrveranstaltung geeignet - oder auch als Grundlage für die Planung einer solchen. Ein britischer Einführungstext eben, im besten Sinne."
- Isbn
- 1-85604-565-X
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Broughton, V.: ¬A new classification for the literature of religion (2000)
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- Date
- 1. 7.1996 21:26:02
- Source
- International cataloguing and bibliographic control. 29(2000) no.4, S.59-61
-
Broughton, V.: Organizing a national humanities portal : a model for the classification and subject management of digital resources (2002)
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- Date
- 29. 8.2004 9:14:57
- Source
- Information research watch international. 2002, June, S.2-4
-
Broughton, V.: Faceted classification as a basis for knowledge organization in a digital environment : the Bliss Bibliographic Classification as a model for vocabulary management and the creation of multi-dimensional knowledge structures (2001)
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- Date
- 29. 6.2014 17:31:49
- Source
- New review of hypermedia and multimedia. 7(2001) no.1, S.67-102
- Theme
- Klassifikationssysteme im Online-Retrieval
-
Broughton, V.: Finding Bliss on the Web : some problems of representing faceted terminologies in digital environments
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- Source
- Paradigms and conceptual systems in knowledge organization: Proceedings of the Eleventh International ISKO conference, Rome, 23-26 February 2010, ed. Claudio Gnoli, Indeks, Frankfurt M
- Theme
- Klassifikationssysteme im Online-Retrieval
-
Broughton, V.: Brian Vickery, September 11, 1918-October 17, 2009 (2011)
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- Abstract
- The article reviews the life and work of Brian Campbell Vickery, one of the major figures of British classification and information retrieval, and a scholar of international reputation. His career as librarian, researcher, and academic is described, as is the part he played in the development of information science theory in the twentieth century. Some of his most significant publications are listed, with reference to the scale and breadth of his published work overall.
- Source
- Cataloging and classification quarterly. 49(2011) no.1, S.42-46
-
Broughton, V.: Structural, linguistic and mathematical elements in indexing languages and search engines : implications for the use of index languages in electronic and non-LIS environments (2000)
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- Source
- Dynamism and stability in knowledge organization: Proceedings of the 6th International ISKO-Conference, 10-13 July 2000, Toronto, Canada. Ed.: C. Beghtol et al
- Theme
- Verbale Doksprachen im Online-Retrieval
-
Broughton, V.; Lane, H.: ¬The Bliss Bibliographic Classification in action : moving from a special to a universal faceted classification via a digital platform (2004)
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- Source
- Knowledge organization and the global information society: Proceedings of the 8th International ISKO Conference 13-16 July 2004, London, UK. Ed.: I.C. McIlwaine
- Theme
- Klassifikationssysteme im Online-Retrieval
-
Broughton, V.: Henry Evelyn Bliss : the other immortal or a prophet without honour? (2008)
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- Date
- 9. 2.1997 18:44:22
- Source
- Journal of librarianship and information science. 40(2008) no.1, S.45-58
-
Broughton, V.: ¬A new common auxiliary table for relations, processes and operations (2002)
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- Date
- 11. 8.2005 12:27:29
- Source
- Extensions and corrections to the UDC. 24(2002), S.29-35
-
Broughton, V.: ¬The development of a common auxiliary schedule of property : a preliminary survey and proposal for its development (1998)
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- Source
- Extensions and corrections to the UDC. 20(1998), S.27-29
-
Broughton, V.: Automatic metadata generation : Digital resource description without human intervention (2007)
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- Date
- 22. 9.2007 15:41:14
-
Broughton, V.: Facet analysis as a fundamental theory for structuring subject organization tools (2007)
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- Date
- 26.12.2011 13:21:29
-
Broughton, V.: ¬The fall and rise of knowledge organization : new dimensions of subject description and retrieval (2010)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this editorial is to introduce the selected Proceedings of the 1st National Conference of ISKO UK, the UK Chapter of the International Society for Knowledge Organization. It aims to provide some background for the group, and place it within the context of the recent history of information organization and retrieval in subject domains. Design/methodology/approach - The paper introduces a selection of papers delivered at the 1st National Conference of the UK Chapter of the International Society for Knowledge Organization. Findings - The field of knowledge organization is lively and progressive, and researchers and practitioners in many sectors are actively engaged with it, despite its apparent decline in LIS education. New communities of interest may use different terms to describe this work, but there is much common ground, and a growing convergence of ideas and methods. Originality/value - The value of existing theory is now more widely recognised, and the importance of structured knowledge organization systems and vocabularies in retrieval is generally acknowledged. It is to be hoped that these important areas of information practice and research will soon be restored to their former place in professional education.
- Footnote
- Beitrag in einem Special Issue: Content architecture: exploiting and managing diverse resources: proceedings of the first national conference of the United Kingdom chapter of the International Society for Knowedge Organization (ISKO)
-
Broughton, V.; Lane, H.: Classification schemes revisited : applications to Web indexing and searching (2000)
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- Theme
- Klassifikationssysteme im Online-Retrieval
-
Broughton, V.: ¬A faceted classification as the basis of a faceted terminology : conversion of a classified structure to thesaurus format in the Bliss Bibliographic Classification, 2nd Edition (2008)
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- Date
- 31. 5.2008 19:11:29
-
Broughton, V.: Notational expressivity : the case for and against the representation of internal subject structure in notational coding (1999)
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- Date
- 10. 8.2001 13:22:14
-
Broughton, V.: Faceted classification as a basis for knowledge organization in a digital environment : the Bliss Bibliographic Classification as a model for vocabulary management and the creation of multidimensional knowledge structures (2003)
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- Source
- Challenges in knowledge representation and organization for the 21st century: Integration of knowledge across boundaries. Proceedings of the 7th ISKO International Conference Granada, Spain, July 10-13, 2002. Ed.: M. López-Huertas
-
Broughton, V.: Faceted classification in support of diversity : the role of concepts and terms in representing religion (2020)
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- Source
- ¬The Indexer: the international journal of indexing. 38(2020) no.3, S.247-270
-
Broughton, V.; Slavic, A.: Building a faceted classification for the humanities : principles and procedures (2007)
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- Theme
- Klassifikationssysteme im Online-Retrieval
