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Abstract

Anfang der 2000er Jahre entstanden in Reaktion auf unzureichende Zugangswege zu Fachliteratur und ausgelöst durch steigende Subskriptionsgebühren wissenschaftlicher Zeitschriften erste illegale Dokumentensammlungen, sogenannte Schattenbibliotheken. Schattenbibliotheken sind Internetdienste, die ohne Zustimmung der RechteinhaberInnen Datenbanken mit wissenschaftlichen Volltexten erstellen, betreiben und allen Interessierten dadurch den Zugriff auf wissenschaftliche Literatur ermöglichen. Zu den meistgenutzten Schattenbibliotheken zählt Sci-Hub. Der Dienst wurde 2011 von Alexandra Elbakyan entwickelt und umfasste zum Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung mehr als 74 Millionen Dokumente. Die Akzeptanz dieser Dienste unter Forschenden und anderen Personengruppen, verschwimmende Grenzen in der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung zu Open Access sowie mögliche Konsequenzen für bestehende legale Zugänge zu Fachliteratur beschäftigen nicht nur InformationswissenschaftlerInnen weltweit. In diesem Beitrag wird die Rolle des Phänomens Schattenbibliothek bei der wissenschaftlichen Informationsversorgung in Deutschland untersucht, insbesondere im Hinblick auf regionale Verteilungen von Downloads, Zugriffszeiten, Zusammenhängen zwischen der Größe bestimmter Personengruppen (Bevölkerungszahl, Anzahl wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeitender an Hochschulen) und den Downloadzahlen eines Bundeslands sowie den Eigenschaften der angefragten Dokumente (Themen, Verlage, Publikationsalter beim Zugriff).

Date

1. 1.2020 13:22:34

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Abstract

This paper investigates whether free access to scientific literature increases the participation of under-represented groups in scientific discourse. To this end, we aggregate and match data tracing access to Sci-Hub, a widely used black open access (OA) repository or shadow library, and publication data from the Web of Science (WoS). We treat the emergence of Sci-Hub as an exogenous event granting relatively unrestricted access to publications, which are otherwise hidden behind a paywall. We analyze changes in the publication count of researchers from developing countries in a given journal as a proxy for general participation in scientific discourse. Our results indicate that in the exemplary field of mathematics, free access to academic knowledge is likely to improve the representation of authors from developing countries in international journals. Assuming the desirability of greater international diversity in science (e.g., to generate more original work, reproduce empirical findings in different settings, or shift the research focus toward topics that are overlooked by researchers from more developed countries), our findings lend evidence to the claim of the OA movement that scientific knowledge should be free and widely distributed.