-
Barabási, A.-L.: Linked: The New Science of Networks (2002)
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- Date
- 1. 2.1997 9:16:32
- Footnote
- Rez. in: nfd 54(2003) H.8, S.497 (T. Mandl): "Gesetze der digitalen Anarchie - Hyperlinks im Internet entstehen als Ergebnis sozialer Prozesse und können auch als formaler Graph im Sinne der Mathematik interpretiert werden. Die Thematik Hyperlinks ist im Information Retrieval höchst aktuell, da Suchmaschinen die Link-Struktur bei der Berechnung ihrer Ergebnisse berücksichtigen. Algorithmen zur Bestimmung des "guten Rufs" einer Seite wie etwa PageRank von Google gewichten eine Seite höher, wenn viele links auf sie verweisen. Barabási erklärt dem Leser seines Buches darüber hinaus noch, wie es zu solchen Phänomenen kommt. Soziale Prozesse im Netz wirken so, dass bereits bekannte Seiten mit größerer Wahrscheinlichkeit auch wieder weitere Links oder neue Besucher anziehen. Barabási ist Physiker an der Notre-Dame University und ihm fehlt ebenso wie Huberman die informationswissenschaftliche Perspektive. Er fragt also kaum, wie kann das Wissen über Netzwerke zu Verbesserungen in Informationssystemen führen, die Benutzerbedürfnisse besser erfüllen. Gleichwohl lohnt sich die Lektüre auch für Informationswissenschaftler. Barabäsi stellt die aktuelle Forschung zur Netzwerkstruktur des Internets auf einfache Weise fast ohne Zugeständnisse an Aktualität und Komplexität dar. Wie Huberman verzichtet auch er weitgehend auf Formeln und andere Formalismen. Der in Ungarn geborene Barabási lässt darüber hinaus keine Anekdote aus, sei es über die Begründer der Graphen-Theorie, im peer-review abgelehnte Beiträge und persönliche Begegnungen mit anderen Forschern. Barabási beginnt mit einfachen Netzwerkstrukturen und schreitet didaktisch über internet-ähnliche Netzwerke weiter zu Anwendungen und praktischen Beispielen aus unterschiedlichsten Disziplinen. Er schafft mit seinem Buch "Linked" unter anderem Links zwischen der ungarischen Literatur, dem I-Love-You Computer-Virus, der Verbreitung von Aids, den Theorien Einsteins, den Aufsichtsräten der wichtigsten amerikanischen Firmen, dem Al-Qaeda-Netzwerk und der Struktur und der Funktion biologischer Zellen. Zu Beginn seines Buches berichtet Barabási von sogenannten kleinen Welten, in denen viele Objekte über wenige Verbindungen zusammenhängen. Ein Blick in den eigenen größeren Bekanntenkreis mag bestätigen, dass viele Menschen über wenige Schritte zwischen Bekannten erreichbar sind. Sowohl Barabäsi als auch Huberman gehen auf die Geschichte des ersten sozialwissenschaftlichen Experiments zu diesem Thema ein, das in den 1960er Jahren versuchte, die Anzahl von Schritten zwischen gemeinsamen Bekannten zu bestimmen, welche vom Mittleren Westen der USA an die Ostküste führt. Die genauere Struktur solcher Systeme, in denen manche Knoten weitaus mehr Beziehungen zu anderen eingehen als der Durchschnitt, führt hin zum Internet. Im Web lässt sich keineswegs immer ein Pfad zwischen zwei Knoten finden, wie noch vor wenigen Jahren vermutet wurde. Die durchschnittliche Entfernung war damals noch mit 19 Klicks berechnet worden. Vielmehr herrscht eine differenziertere Struktur, die Barabási vorstellt und in der zahlreiche Seiten in Sackgassen führen. Huberman wie Barabási diskutieren auch negative Aspekte des Internet. Während Huberman die Wartezeiten und Staus bei Downloads analysiert, bespricht Barabási die rasante Verbreitung von ComputerViren und weist auf die Grundlagen für diese Gefährdung hin. Das vorletzte Kapitel widmen übrigens beide Autoren den Märkten im Internet. Spätestens hier werden die wirtschaftlichen Aspekte von Netzwerken deutlich. Beide Titel führen den Leser in die neue Forschung zur Struktur des Internet als Netzwerk und sind leicht lesbar. Beides sind wissenschaftliche Bücher, wenden sich aber auch an den interessierten Laien. Das Buch von Barabási ist etwas aktueller, plauderhafter, länger, umfassender und etwas populärwissenschaftlicher."
-
Spertus, E.: ParaSite : mining structural information on the Web (1997)
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- Date
- 1. 8.1996 22:08:06
- Footnote
- Contribution to a special issue of papers from the 6th International World Wide Web conference, held 7-11 Apr 1997, Santa Clara, California
- Source
- Computer networks and ISDN systems. 29(1997) no.8, S.1205-1215
-
Vichot, F.; Wolinksi, F.; Tomeh, J.; Guennou, S.; Dillet, B.; Aydjian, S.: High precision hypertext navigation based on NLP automation extractions (1997)
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- Series
- Schriften zur Informationswissenschaft; Bd.30
- Source
- Hypertext - Information Retrieval - Multimedia '97: Theorien, Modelle und Implementierungen integrierter elektronischer Informationssysteme. Proceedings HIM '97. Hrsg.: N. Fuhr u.a
-
Ashman, H.; Garrido, A.; Oinas-Kukkonen, H.: Hand-made and computed links, precomputed and dynamic links (1997)
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- Schriften zur Informationswissenschaft; Bd.30
- Source
- Hypertext - Information Retrieval - Multimedia '97: Theorien, Modelle und Implementierungen integrierter elektronischer Informationssysteme. Proceedings HIM '97. Hrsg.: N. Fuhr u.a
-
Dimitroff, A.; Wolfram, D.: Searcher response in a hypertext-based bibliographic information retrieval system (1995)
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- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 46(1995) no.1, S.22-29
-
Milosavljevic, M.; Oberlander, J.: Dynamic catalogues on the WWW (1998)
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- Date
- 1. 8.1996 22:08:06
- Footnote
- Contribution to a special issue devoted to the Proceedings of the 7th International World Wide Web Conference, held 14-18 April 1998, Brisbane, Australia
- Source
- Computer networks and ISDN systems. 30(1998) nos.1/7, S.666-668
-
Rada, R.: Hypertext and paper : a special synergy (1991)
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- Source
- International journal of information management. 11(1991) no.1, S.14-22
-
Pollard, A.: ¬A hypertext-based thesaurus as subject browsing aid for bibliographic databases (1993)
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- Source
- Information processing and management. 29(1993) no.3, S.345-358
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Petrou, C.; Martakos, D.; Hadjiefthymiades, S.: Adding semantics to hypermedia towards link's enhancements and dynamic linking (1997)
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- Series
- Schriften zur Informationswissenschaft; Bd.30
- Source
- Hypertext - Information Retrieval - Multimedia '97: Theorien, Modelle und Implementierungen integrierter elektronischer Informationssysteme. Proceedings HIM '97. Hrsg.: N. Fuhr u.a
-
Schmolz, H.: Anaphora resolution and text retrieval : a lnguistic analysis of hypertexts (2013)
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- Content
- Trägerin des VFI-Dissertationspreises 2014: "Überzeugende gründliche linguistische und quantitative Analyse eines im Information Retrieval bisher wenig beachteten Textelementes anhand eines eigens erstellten grossen Hypertextkorpus, einschliesslich der Evaluation selbsterstellter Auflösungsregeln für die Nutzung in künftigen IR-Systemen.".
-
Arents, H.C.; Bogaerts, W.F.L.: Concept-based indexing and retrieval of hypermedia information (1996)
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- Pages
- S.1-29
-
Helmes, L.; Razum, M.; Barth, A.: Concept of a hypertext interface for the information retrieval in complex factual databases (1995)
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- Series
- Schriften zur Informationswissenschaft; Bd.20
-
Groenbaek, K.; Trigg, R.H.: From Web to workplace : designing open hypermedia systems (1999)
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- Date
- 1. 2.1997 9:16:32
21. 4.2001 12:58:29
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Diaz, P.; Aedo, I.; Panetsos, F.: Labyrinth, an abstract model for hypermedia applications : Description of its static components (1997)
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- Date
- 5. 4.1996 15:29:15
- Source
- Information systems. 22(1997) no.8, S.447-464
-
Lesch, A.; Szabo, P.: Hypermedia approaches (1990)
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- Series
- Advances in knowledge organization; vol.1
- Source
- Tools for knowledge organization and the human interface. Proceedings of the 1st International ISKO Conference, Darmstadt, 14.-17.8.1990. Pt.1
-
Ramarapu, N.: ¬The impact of hypertext versus sequential information presentation on decision making : a conceptual model (1996)
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- Date
- 24.10.1996 19:57:22
- Source
- International journal of information management. 16(1996) no.3, S.183-193
-
Ellis, D.: Hypertext; origins and use (1991)
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- Source
- International journal of information management. 11(1991) no.1, S.5-13
-
Pollard, R.: ¬A hypertext-based thesaurus as a subject browsing aid for bibliographic databases (1993)
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- Source
- Information processing and management. 29(1993) no.3, S.345-357
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Bater, B.: Hyperdocuments through the square window (1994)
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- Source
- Managing information. 1(1994) no.5, S.29-30,32-33
-
Thimbleby, H.: Designing user interfaces for problem solving, with application to hypertext and creative writing (1994)
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- Source
- AI and society. 8(1994) no.1, S.29-44
