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IFLA Cataloguing Principles : steps towards an International Cataloguing Code, 3. Report from the 3rd IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code : Cairo, Egypt, 2005 (2006)
1.06
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- BK
- 06.70 / Katalogisierung / Bestandserschließung
- Classification
- AN 74500 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Kataloge, Katalogisierung / Titelaufnahme, Katalogisierung im Ausland (LS 1) / International, Allgemeines
06.70 / Katalogisierung / Bestandserschließung
- Date
- 30. 7.2004 14:20:29
- RSWK
- Alphabetische Katalogisierung / Standardisierung / Internationale Kooperation / Kongress / Kairo <2005>
- RVK
- AN 74500 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Kataloge, Katalogisierung / Titelaufnahme, Katalogisierung im Ausland (LS 1) / International, Allgemeines
- Series
- IFLA series on bibliographic control; vol. 29
- Subject
- Alphabetische Katalogisierung / Standardisierung / Internationale Kooperation / Kongress / Kairo <2005>
-
IFLA Cataloguing Principles : steps towards an International Cataloguing Code, 2. Report from the 2nd IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code : Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2004 (2005)
1.05
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- BK
- 06.70 / Katalogisierung / Bestandserschließung
- Classification
- AN 74500 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Kataloge, Katalogisierung / Titelaufnahme, Katalogisierung im Ausland (LS 1) / International, Allgemeines
06.70 / Katalogisierung / Bestandserschließung
- Date
- 30. 7.2004 14:20:29
- RSWK
- Alphabetische Katalogisierung / Standardisierung / Internationale Kooperation / Kongress / Buenos Aires <2004>
- RVK
- AN 74500 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Kataloge, Katalogisierung / Titelaufnahme, Katalogisierung im Ausland (LS 1) / International, Allgemeines
- Subject
- Alphabetische Katalogisierung / Standardisierung / Internationale Kooperation / Kongress / Buenos Aires <2004>
-
IFLA Cataloguing Principles : steps towards an International Cataloguing Code, 4. Report from the 4th IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code : Seoul, Korea, 2006 (2007)
1.02
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- Classification
- AN 74500 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Kataloge, Katalogisierung / Titelaufnahme, Katalogisierung im Ausland (LS 1) / International, Allgemeines
- Date
- 30. 7.2004 14:20:29
- RSWK
- Alphabetische Katalogisierung / Standardisierung / Internationale Kooperation / Kongress / Seoul <2006>
- RVK
- AN 74500 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Kataloge, Katalogisierung / Titelaufnahme, Katalogisierung im Ausland (LS 1) / International, Allgemeines
- Subject
- Alphabetische Katalogisierung / Standardisierung / Internationale Kooperation / Kongress / Seoul <2006>
-
Münnich, M.: PC-Katalogisierung mit RAK : nach dem Format des DBI-Pflichtenheftes (1992)
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- Abstract
- PC-Katalogisierung mit RAK ist ein Praxis-Handbuch und wendet sich an Benutzer mit folgenden Anwendungsbedürfnissen: 1) PC-Einsatz, konfiguriert nach dem DBI- Pflichtenheft. 2) Softwareeinsatz für Programmierer, Softwarehäuser, Bibliotheken, Dokumentationsstellen, Institutionen. 3) Praktischer Ratgeber für Katalogisierer in Bibliotheken. Das Buch setzt eine gewisse Regelkenntnis für RAK-Definition voraus. Es ersetzt kein RAK-Lehrbuch. In den Anhängen befindet sich ua ein EDV- Glossar, eine Liste der Deskriptionszeichen, ein Stoppwortregister sowie Literaturhinweise.
- ASB
- Wbr 1
- BK
- 06.70 Katalogisierung
- Classification
- AN 73400 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Datenverarbeitung / Einsatz in der Katalogisierung
AN 74500 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Kataloge, Katalogisierung / Titelaufnahme, Katalogisierung im Ausland (LS 1) / International, Allgemeines
06.70 Katalogisierung
Wbr 1
- RSWK
- Online-Katalogisierung / Personalcomputer / Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung
Alphabetische Katalogisierung / Personalcomputer (BVB)
Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung / Personalcomputer (BVB)
Online-Katalogisierung / Personalcomputer / Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung (BVB)
Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung / Katalogisierung / Personalcomputer (BVB)
- RVK
- AN 73400 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Datenverarbeitung / Einsatz in der Katalogisierung
AN 74500 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Kataloge, Katalogisierung / Titelaufnahme, Katalogisierung im Ausland (LS 1) / International, Allgemeines
- Subject
- Online-Katalogisierung / Personalcomputer / Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung
Alphabetische Katalogisierung / Personalcomputer (BVB)
Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung / Personalcomputer (BVB)
Online-Katalogisierung / Personalcomputer / Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung (BVB)
Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung / Katalogisierung / Personalcomputer (BVB)
-
Tait, J.A.: Authors and titles : an analytical study of the author concept in codes of cataloguing rules in the English language, from that of the British Museum in 1841 to the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules 1967 (1969)
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- Classification
- AN 74530 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Kataloge, Katalogisierung / Titelaufnahme, Katalogisierung im Ausland (LS 1) / Europa / Westeuropa / Großbritannien
- Date
- 14. 8.2008 19:29:39
- RVK
- AN 74530 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Kataloge, Katalogisierung / Titelaufnahme, Katalogisierung im Ausland (LS 1) / Europa / Westeuropa / Großbritannien
-
Bakewell, K.G.B.: ¬A manual of cataloguing practice (1972)
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- Classification
- AN 74000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Kataloge, Katalogisierung / Allgemeines
- RSWK
- Katalogisierung
- RVK
- AN 74000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Kataloge, Katalogisierung / Allgemeines
- Series
- International series of monographs in library and information science, v. 14
- Subject
- Katalogisierung
-
Metz, S.: Zur Katalogisierung chinesischer Werke : Regeln und EDV-Einsatz (1995)
0.37
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- Abstract
- Diese Arbeit gibt einen auch für Nicht-Sinologen verständlichen Einblick in die bibliographische Welt dieses wichtigen außereuropäischen Kulturkreises und konfrontiert sie mit den existierenden Regelwerken für europäische Sprachen (RAK/AACR2). Der zweite Teil der Studie beschreibt nach einer Darstellung der Voraussetzungen für die Automatisierung im Hard- und Softwarebereich unter anderem die Katalogisierung in den amerikanischen CJK-Datenbanken von RLIN und OCLC und dann den gegenwärtigen Stand der automatischen Katalogisierung chinesischer Werke in Deutschland an drei Fallbeispielen: UB Heidelberg, SBB-PK, BSB München. Allegro erweist sich als geeignetes System auch für die Katalogisierung chinesischer Werke
- BK
- 06.70 / Katalogisierung / Bestandserschließung
18.90 / Chinesische Sprache und Literatur
- Classification
- AN 74700 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Kataloge, Katalogisierung / Aufnahme fremdsprachiger Titel
06.70 / Katalogisierung / Bestandserschließung
18.90 / Chinesische Sprache und Literatur
- Editor
- Kommission des Deutschen Bibliotheksinstituts für Erschließung und Katalogmanagement, Expertengruppe RAK
- RSWK
- Chinesisch / Handschrift / Alphabetische Katalogisierung / Richtlinie
Chinesisch / Druckwerk / Alphabetische Katalogisierung / Richtlinie
Chinesisch / Handschrift / Alphabetische Katalogisierung / Online-Katalogisierung
Chinesisch / Druckwerk / Alphabetische Katalogisierung / Online-Katalogisierung
Chinesisch / Katalogisierung (BVB)
Chinesisch / Buch / Alphabetische Katalogisierung (BVB)
Chinesisch / Buch / Alphabetische Katalogisierung / Datenverarbeitung (BVB)
- RVK
- AN 74700 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Kataloge, Katalogisierung / Aufnahme fremdsprachiger Titel
- Subject
- Chinesisch / Handschrift / Alphabetische Katalogisierung / Richtlinie
Chinesisch / Druckwerk / Alphabetische Katalogisierung / Richtlinie
Chinesisch / Handschrift / Alphabetische Katalogisierung / Online-Katalogisierung
Chinesisch / Druckwerk / Alphabetische Katalogisierung / Online-Katalogisierung
Chinesisch / Katalogisierung (BVB)
Chinesisch / Buch / Alphabetische Katalogisierung (BVB)
Chinesisch / Buch / Alphabetische Katalogisierung / Datenverarbeitung (BVB)
-
Haller, K.: Katalogkunde : eine Einführung in die Formal- und Sacherschließung (1998)
0.16
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- Abstract
- Seit der 1983 in zweiter Auflage erschienenen 'Katalogkunde: Formalkataloge und formale Ordnungsmethoden' hat sich durch die elektronische Datenverarbeitung die Arbeit im Bereich der Katalogisierung einschneidend verändert. Einerseits ist ein gewisser Entwicklungsprozeß noch nicht abgeschlossen (Regelwerke, Datenformate, Einbindung in den allgemeinen Informations- und Kommunikationsprozeß), andererseits ist das Wissen sowohl um konventionelle als auch um elektronische Kataloge auch in 'unsicheren Zeiten' nicht verzichtbar. Entsprechend versteht sich die Einführung als Hilfe für Unterricht, Fortbildung und Praxis in Zeiten des Umbruchs und der Entwicklung. Sie möge deshalb auch denen dienen, die nicht unmittelbar mit der Katalogisierung zu tun haben, aber Zusammenhänge erkennen wollen und Entscheidungen zu treffen haben
- Content
- (1) Allgemeines zu Katalogen; (2) Formale Ordnungsmethoden und Zeichensatz; (3) Ausgewählte Probleme des alphabetischen Katalogs; (4) Regelwerke; (5) Normdateien; (6) Retrospektive Katalogisierung; (7) Zentralkatalog; (8) Kreuzkatalog; (9) Standortkatalog
- Footnote
- Der im Untertitel zum Ausdruck gebrachte Anspruch, eine Einführung in die Sacherschließung zu sein, kann das Buch nicht erfüllen
- Isbn
- 3-598-11364-1
- RSWK
- Alphabetische Katalogisierung / Einführung
- Subject
- Alphabetische Katalogisierung / Einführung
- Theme
- Geschichte der Kataloge
-
Wiesenmüller, H.; Horny, S.: Basiswissen RDA : eine Einführung für deutschsprachige Anwender (2017)
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- Abstract
- Mit der ersten Auflage von Basiswissen RDA lag erstmals ein deutschsprachiges Lehrbuch für das neue, internationale Katalogisierungsregelwerk RDA (Resource Description and Access) vor. Seither wurde nicht nur das Regelwerk selbst an vielen Stellen verändert, sondern auch die deutschsprachigen Anwendungsrichtlinien wurden erheblich erweitert und verfeinert - nicht zuletzt aufgrund der Praxiserfahrungen seit dem Beginn der aktiven Katalogisierung mit RDA. Die überarbeitete und erweiterte Neuauflage - präsentiert die Katalogisierungsregeln auf dem aktuellen Stand von 2017 - bietet an vielen Stellen zusätzliche Details und Erläuterungen - geht besonders auf typische Fragen und Probleme ein, die beim Katalogisieren mit RDA auftreten - wurde um Beispiele und Erklärungen für verschiedene Themenbereiche erweitert (u.a. Reproduktionen, E-Books, Sprachkurse) - behandelt auch das neue theoretische Modell IFLA LRM und die geplante Weiterentwicklung von RDA Die zweite Auflage von Basiswissen RDA ist ein unverzichtbarer Begleiter für Studierende, Auszubildende und Beschäftigte in Bibliotheken, die mit RDA arbeiten. Das Lehrbuch unterstützt nicht nur beim Anfertigen von korrekten Katalogisaten, sondern auch dabei, das neue Regelwerk zu verstehen.
- BK
- 06.70 Katalogisierung Bestandserschließung
- Classification
- AN 74500
06.70 Katalogisierung Bestandserschließung
- Content
- Vgl. auch: http://www.basiswissen-rda.de/. IAllgemeiner Teil; 1 Formalerschließung: Konzepte und Standards; 1.1 Ziele von Formalerschließung; 1.2 Bisherige Regelwerke; 1.3 Bibliografische Beschreibung; 1.4 Eintragungen und Verweisungen; 1.5 EDV-Katalogisierung; 1.6 Aktuelle Herausforderungen; 2 Das FRBR-Modell; 2.1 Grundlagen; 2.2 Entitäten der Gruppe 1; 2.3 Entitäten der Gruppe 2; 2.4 FRBR in der Praxis; 3 RDA: Grundlagen; 3.1 Die Entwicklung von RDA; 3.2 RDA und FRBR; 3.3 Weitere Grundprinzipien von RDA; 3.4 Das RDA Toolkit; Haupteil; 4 Manifestationen und Exemplare; 4.1 Allgemeines 4.2 Grundprinzipien beim Erfassen und Übertragen4.3 Informationsquellen; 4.4 Titel der Manifestation; 4.5 Verantwortlichkeitsangabe; 4.6 Ausgabevermerk; 4.7 Erscheinungsvermerk; 4.8 Gesamttitelangabe; 4.9 Erscheinungsweise; 4.10 Identifikator für die Manifestation; 4.11 Anmerkung zur Manifestation; 4.12 Medientyp und Datenträgertyp; 4.13 Umfang; 4.14 Weitere Merkmale von Datenträgern; 4.15 Bezugs- und Zugangsinformationen; 4.16 Merkmale auf Exemplar-Ebene; 4.17 Begleitmaterial; 4.18 Beschreibung von mehrteiligen Monografien; 4.19 Beschreibung von monografischen Reihen 4.20 Beschreibung von integrierenden Ressourcen
5 Werke und Expressionen; 5.1 Allgemeines; 5.2 Titel des Werks; 5.3 Weitere Merkmale von Werken; 5.4 Inhaltstyp; 5.5 Weitere Merkmale von Expressionen; 5.6 Sucheinstiege für Werke und Expressionen; 5.7 Beschreibung des Inhalts; 6 Personen, Familien und Körperschaften; 6.1 Allgemeines; 6.2 Moderne Personennamen; 6.3 Moderne Personen: Merkmale und Sucheinstiege; 6.4 Besondere Personengruppen; 6.5 Familien; 6.6 Namen von Körperschaften; 6.7 Namen von untergeordneten Körperschaften; 6.8 Körperschaften: Merkmale und Sucheinstiege; 6.9 Gebietskörperschaften und die ihnen untergeordneten Körperschaften6.10 Konferenzen und ähnliche Veranstaltungen; 7 Geografika; 7.1 Allgemeines; 7.2 Namen von Geografika; 8 Primärbeziehungen; 8.1 Allgemeines; 8.2 Primärbeziehungen und Datenmodelle; 8.3 Kernelemente bei den Primärbeziehungen;
9 Beziehungen zu Personen, Familien und Körperschaften; 9.1 Allgemeines; 9.2 Geistiger Schöpfer: Allgemeines; 9.3 Körperschaft als geistiger Schöpfer; 9.4 Sonstige Person, Familie oder Körperschaft, die mit einem Werk in Verbindung steht; 9.5 Mitwirkender 9.6 Geistige Schöpfer und Mitwirkende: Besondere Fälle9.7 Beziehungen auf der Manifestationsebene; 9.8 Beziehungen auf der Exemplar-Ebene; 10 Beziehungen zwischen Werken, Expressionen, Manifestationen und Exemplaren; 10.1 Allgemeines; 10.2 In Beziehung stehende Werke; 10.3 In Beziehung stehende Expressionen; 10.4 In Beziehung stehende Manifestationen; 10.5 In Beziehung stehende Exemplare; 11 Beziehungen zwischen Personen, Familien und Körperschaften; 11.1 Allgemeines; 11.2 In Beziehung stehende Personen; 11.3 In Beziehung stehende Familien; 11.4 In Beziehung stehende Körperschaften; 12 Sacherschließung in RDA
- Date
- 29. 3.2013 10:52:50
- Footnote
- Rez. in: iwp 70(2019) H.1, S.83 (Barbara Müller-Heiden).
- Issue
- 2., überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage.
- RSWK
- Resource description and access / Bibliothek / Katalogisierung / Einführung / Lehrbuch
- RVK
- AN 74500
- Subject
- Resource description and access / Bibliothek / Katalogisierung / Einführung / Lehrbuch
-
Popst, H.: Ausbildung im Fach Alphabetische Katalogisierung im Fachbereich Archiv- und Bibliothekswesen der Bayerischen Beamtenfachhochschule (1995)
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Methodisch-didaktische Probleme des Lehrfachs Alphabetische Katalogisierung : 5 Vorträge (1976)
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- Content
- Enthält die Beiträge: KIRFEL, G.: Methodisch-didaktische Überlegungen zum Fach "Alphabetische Katalogisierung" nach den "Preußischen Instruktionen" - JUNG, R.: Methodik und Didaktik einer Einführung in die RAK nach vorausgegangenem Unterricht der Titelaufnahme nach den "Preußischen Instruktionen" - MIRBT, K.-W.: Das Lehrfach "Publikationskunde" als Hilfsfach für das Fach "Alphabetische Katalogisierung" - SOBOTTKE, I.: Anforderungen einer wissenschaftlichen Bibliothek an die Diplom-Bibliothekare hinsichtlich der Kenntnisse in alphabetischer Katalogisierung - GREITZKE, M.: Anforderungen einer Öffentlichen Bibliothek an Diplom-Bibliothekare, die an einem Bibliothekssystem in der Abteilung Alphabetische Katalogisierung arbeiten
- Imprint
- Berlin : Deutscher Buibliotheksverband / Arbeitsstelle für das Bibliothekswesen
- Signature
- 78 BBVB 104 +1
-
Seidel, H.W.: Anleitung für die Katalogisierung nach RAK-WB : Arbeitsbuch für die Titelaufnahme in Kirchenbibliotheken (1984)
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- Series
- Veröffentlichungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für das Archiv- und Bibliothekswesen in der evangelischen Kirche; 13
-
Wien, K. u. G. Scholz-Mattuhs (Bearb.): Titelaufnahme nach RAK (1997)
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- Abstract
- Für alle Bibliotheken der Bundesrepublik Deutschland wurde ein einheitliches System der Titelaufnahme entwickelt: die RAK. Seit der Einführung der EDV im Bibliothekswesen und durch die verstärkte Zusammenarbeit in Verbünden und Netzen hat die Standardisierung der Katalogisierung noch mehr an Bedeutung gewonnen. In der Broschüre wird versucht, aus dem recht komplizierten und umfangreichen Regelwerk diejenigen Teile herauszugreifen, die für Schulbibliotheken relevant sind. Somit wird das Regelwerk auf ein handhabbares Maß reduziert. Die Anwendungen werden durch Beispiele erläutert
-
Richter, S.: ¬Die formale Beschreibung von Dokumenten in Archiven und Bibliotheken : Perspektiven des Datenaustauschs (2004)
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- Abstract
- Die Datenrecherche und der Zugriff auf Informationen wurde in den letzten Jahren durch Angebote im Internet erleichtert. Während im Bibliothekswesen bereits seit Jahrzehnten Erfahrungen durch die Verbundkatalogisierung im Bereich des Datenaustauschs gesammelt wurden, wurde eine kooperative Datenhaltung zwischen Archiven erst in den letzten Jahren begonnen. In dieser Arbeit wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit Daten aus Archiven und Bibliotheken in gemeinsamen Datenpools angeboten werden können: Sind die Inhalte der verschiedenen Datenkategorien ähnlich genug, um sie zusammenfassen zu können? Welche Standards liegen den Daten zugrunde? Um diese Fragen beantworten zu können, werden zunächst die verschiedenen Regelwerke des Archivs- und Bibliothekswesens zur archivischen Verzeichnung bzw. der bibliographischen Beschreibung untersucht und anschließend die darauf fußenden Austauschformate. Folgende (Regel-) Werke werden in die Analyse integiert: Papritz: Die archivische Titelaufnahme bei Sachakten, die Ordnungs- und Verzeichnungsgrundsätze für die staatlichen Archive der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (OVG-DDR), Internationale Grundsätze für die archivische Verzeichnung (ISAD(G)), das Handbuch für Wirtschaftsarchive, Praktische Archivkunde, die Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung in wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken (RAK-WB), die Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR), General International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD(G)) und für den Bereich der Nachlasserschließung als Schnittstelle zwischen Archiven und Bibliotheken die Ordnungs- und Verzeichnungsgrundsätze [des Goethe- und Schiller-Archivs] (OVG-GSA), König: Verwaltung und wissenschaftliche Erschließung von Nachlässen in Literaturarchiven sowie die Regeln zur Erschließung von Nachlässen und Autographen (RNA). Von den Datenaustauschformaten werden Encoded Archival Description (EAD), Maschinelles Austauschformat für Bibliotheken (MAB) und Machine Readable Cataloguing (MARC) vorgestellt. Die Analyse zeigt, dass Daten aus Archiven und Bibliotheken in einer gemeinsamen Datenmenge zur Verfügung gestellt werden können, um sie für eine spartenübergreifende Recherche nutzbar zu machen. Es muss aber eingeräumt werden, dass im Austauschformat für ähnliche Beschreibungselemente nicht identische Kategorienummern verwendet werden können, da hierfür die Inhalte der Kategorien zu stark differieren. Aus diesem Grund kann das MAB-Format auch nicht ohne weiteres für archivische Elemente verwendet werden: Entweder müsste das bestehende MAB-Schema an die Belange des Archivwesens angepasst werden oder es müsste ein neues Austauschformat generiert werden, da auch das internationale EAD-Format nicht ohne Änderungen auf die deutsche Verzeichnungstradition abgebildet werden kann. Insbesondere wäre sowohl innerhalb der Sparten Archiv- und Bibliothekswesen als auch darüber hinaus eine tiefere Diskussion um verbindliche Regelwerke und Austauschformate zu empfehlen.
- Date
- 1. 5.2006 17:49:32
- Footnote
- Master's thesis Zusatzstudiengang Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft
- Imprint
- Köln : Fachhochschule, Institut für Informationswissenschaft
-
Hilberer, T.: Aufwand vs. Nutzen : Wie sollen deutsche wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken künftig katalogisieren? (2003)
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- Content
- "Die folgenden Thesen versuchen den Stand der Fachdiskussion so auf den Punkt zu bringen, dass sie auch für Außenstehende verständlich wird. Da sich auch Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare außerhalb der Katalogabteilungen öfter als Laien auf dem Gebiet der Katalogisierung fühlen, scheint eine Veröffentlichung in der wichtigsten deutschen bibliothekarischen Zeitschrift nicht verfehlt zu sein. Die Frage, wie Bücher, Zeitschriften und andere Medien in den Computerkatalogen zu verzeichnen sind, hört sich ziemlich bibliothekarisch - sprich: esoterisch - an. Tatsächlich hat ihre Beantwortung bedeutende Folgen für Hochschulen und Wissenschaft, denn die Bibliotheken geben bislang den weitaus größten Teil ihres Etats nicht für Literatur aus, sondern für ihr Personal. Die Kosten für die Katalogisierung müssen deshalb eingeschränkt werden, bzw. die Mittel sollten nur für solche Erschließungsangebote verwendet werden, die die Wissenschaftler und Studierenden wirklich brauchen. Die Erschließung der Bestände stellt eine der wesentlichen Aufgaben der Bibliotheken dar. Nur das im Katalog verzeichnete Buch kann gefunden und somit gelesen werden. Diese Verzeichnung erfolgt keinesfalls, wie man vielleicht glauben könnte, durch einfaches Abschreiben der Titelblätter, vielmehr folgt die bibliothekarische Beschreibung einem komplizierten und umfangreichen Regelwerk. Dadurch soll sichergestellt werden, dass jedes Buch eindeutig und unverwechselbar erfasst wird. Solche Perfektion ist bei historischen Beständen unverzichtbar, wo es gilt, jedes Objekt in seiner Individualität voll ständig zu beschreiben. Für das Massengeschäft der aktuellen Literatur wäre weitaus weniger Aufwand vonnöten. Derzeit katalogisieren deutsche wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken ausnahmslos nach den Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung in wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken, abgekürzt RAK-WB. Auf knapp 600 großformatigen Seiten wird in 823 Paragraphen (allerdings mit springender Zählung) festgelegt, was wie zu erfassen und auf Titelkarten zu schreiben ist. Hinzu kommen meist mehrere Ordner umfassende Auslegungs- und Anwendungsregeln der verschiedenen regionalen Katalogisierungsverbünde. Ganz zu schweigen von den Protokollen der ebenfalls auf Verbundebene tätigen Katalog-AGs. Die Unterrichtung in diesem Regelwerk stellt einen wesentlichen Teil der Ausbildung zum Diplom-Bibliothekar dar (Laufbahn des gehobenen Dienstes), der folglich seine berufliche Identität nicht zuletzt aus der Qualität der Titelaufnahmen herleitet. Die Erschließungskosten sind daher hoch; nach jüngsten Erhebungen der Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim belaufen sie sich durchschnittlich auf ca. 20 Euro pro Buch. Dieser hohe Aufwand wird von Seiten der Nutzer weder wahrgenommen noch nachgefragt. Ihnen geht es nicht um die Beschreibung, sondern um das Auffinden von Büchern und Informationen. Zudem haben die verschiedenen Auslegungsregeln zur Folge, dass die bibliographische Beschreibung ein und desselben Buchs von Verbund zu Verbund verschieden ausfällt. Die durch das ausführliche Regelwerk angestrebte Eindeutigkeit wird also trotz des betriebenen Aufwands nicht erreicht. Die RAK-WB wurden für Zettelkataloge entwickelt und entsprechen nicht den Bedingungen von Datenbanken und Online-Katalogen. Sie beinhalten z. B. ausführliche Vorschriften für die Frage, unter welchem Element des Titels die "Haupteintragung" zu leisten sei, also wo die "Haupttitelkarte" in den Zettelkasten einzuordnen und von welchen anderen Elementen wie darauf zu verweisen ist. Das spielt im elektronischen Katalog überhaupt keine Rolle mehr, wo jedes Element der bibliographischen Beschreibung als Sucheinstieg gewählt werden kann. Sind, um noch ein Beispiel aufzuführen, mehr als drei Verfasser an einem Werk beteiligt, so wird nur der erste berücksichtigt, um die Zahl der Zettel klein zu halten. Der Online-Katalog hingegen sollte alle beteiligten Personen aufführen, um möglichst viele Informationen zu bieten.
Die deutschen wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken, so lässt sich zusammenfassen, katalogisieren mit hohem Aufwand und ohne entsprechenden Nutzen nach einem hypertrophen und veralteten Regelwerk - das überdies kaum geeignet ist, multimediale Objekte zu verzeichnen. Aus dieser Situation heraus ist, vor allem von Seiten der Deutschen Bibliothek, der Vorschlag gemacht worden, das deutsche Regelwerk durch die international weit verbreiteten Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules in der zweiten Ausgabe (sog. AACR2) zu ersetzen. Dies - so wird vorgebracht - würde es erlauben, Titelaufnahmen aus großen anglo-amerikanischen Datenbanken einfach zu übernehmen und so die Kosten für die Katalogisierung zu senken. Diese Lösung scheint auf den ersten Blick sehr verlockend zu sein, tatsächlich stellt sie keinen gangbaren Weg dar, und zwar aus mehreren Gründen: 1. Auch die AACR2 sind für Zettelkataloge verfasst und mithin genau so veraltet wie die RAK. 2. Die AACR2 sind nicht weniger kompliziert und umfangreich als die RAK, und sie kennen wie diese von Bibliotheksverbund zu Bibliotheksverbund unterschiedliche Auslegungsregeln. 3. Aus dieser exegetischen Vielfalt folgt eine Uneinheitlichkeit der bibliographischen Beschreibung. Einfache Übernahme von Titelaufnahmen ohne Nachbearbeitung wäre also nicht möglich. 4. Die AACR2 sind spezifisch für das amerikanische Bibliothekswesen entwickelt, das sich vom deutschen markant unterscheidet (z. B. Freihandbibliotheken statt Magazinbibliotheken). Schon deswegen könnte man das Regelwerk nicht 1:1 übernehmen, sondern müsste zahlreiche Anpassungen vornehmen, wie dies auch in der Schweiz geschehen ist. Auch dadurch wären einfache Übernahmen ausgeschlossen. 5. Eine solche einfache Übernahme würde weiterhin dadurch verhindert werden, dass die Ansetzung von Namen nach AACR2 in der Landessprache erfolgen müsste: Wo in einer amerikanischen Titelaufnahme z.B. Florence steht, müsste bei uns Florenz stehen (bisher nach RAK originalsprachlich Firenze). Der Umarbeitungsaufwand wäre besonders erheblich bei der Ansetzung von Namen aus Sprachen mit nicht-lateinischer Schrift, die man im Englischen ganz anders transkribiert als bei uns. Letzteres wiegt besonders schwer, denn alle Wissenschaften, die solche Sprachen zum Gegenstand haben oder mit ihnen arbeiten, könnten mit den neuen Ansetzungen nichts mehr anfangen. Sie würden diese Umstellung vermutlich nicht mitmachen und Sonderkataloge einfordern. 6. Sehr große Unterschiede bestehen außerdem bei der Katalogisierung von Zeitschriften. Während die RAK sich beispielsweise immer an den neuesten Titel einer Zeitschrift halten, stehen Zeitschriften in Amerika immer un ter dem ältesten. Eine Umarbeitung der Zeitschriftendatenbank wäre ungemein aufwendig, ohne dass der Nutzer etwas davon hätte. 7. Schon seit längerem übernehmen deutsche Bibliotheken angloamerikanische Titelaufnahmen, und passen sie an. Unterschiedliche Regelwerke verhindern Übernahmen also nicht. Umgekehrt gilt leider auch, dass Titelaufnahmen, die zwar nach demselben deutschen Regelwerk (RAK) erstellt worden sind, aber in einem anderen Verbund, folglich nach anderen Anwendungsregeln, nicht ohne Nachbearbeitung übernommen werden können: in Göttingen wird das Buch anders beschrieben als in Freiburg, trotz gleichen Regelwerks. Zunächst müsste also der einfache Austausch von Katalogisaten zwischen den deutschen Bibliotheksverbünden ermöglicht werden.
8. Wollte man nicht mit enormem Aufwand alle vorhandenen Titelaufnahmen ändern, dann wäre ein Katalogbruch die Folge. Die Nutzer hätten also für ältere Werke den RAK-, und für neuere den AACR2-Katalog zu konsultie ren, und in vielen Bibliotheken noch einen oder gar mehrere Zettelkataloge für die ältesten Teile des Bestandes. 9. Der Aufwand, besonders an Schulungen, aber auch an technischen Umstellungen wäre immens und schlechterdings nicht zu leisten; die durchschnittlichen Kosten pro Titelaufnahme würden sich dadurch gewaltig er höhen. Bearbeitungsrückstände würden sich bilden, der ohnehin meist zu langwierige Geschäftsgang würde weiter gedehnt. (Die Kosten eines Umstiegs werden derzeit durch eine von der DFG geförderte Studie der Deutschen Bibliothek untersucht. Da sich letztere bisher mit geradezu verbissener Heftigkeit für einen Umstieg ausgesprochen hat, wird das Ergebnis außerordentlich kritisch betrachtet werden müssen.) 10. Aus den aufgeführten Gründen würden zahlreiche Bibliotheken mit Recht einen Umstieg nicht mitmachen, so dass der Datentausch für deutsche Bibliotheken insgesamt noch schwieriger, sprich: kostspieliger, werden würde. Fazit: Ein Umstieg auf die AACR2 würde bedeuten, dass man mit hohem Aufwand und ohne wirklichen Nutzen ein überkompliziertes und veraltetes Regelwerk durch ein anderes ersetzen würde, das ebenso schwerfällig und nicht mehr zeitgemäß ist. Dass dies unsinnig ist, liegt auf der Hand; die Entwicklung müsste vielmehr in eine andere Richtung gehen: 1. Die Zahl der Katalogisierungsverbünde in Deutschland müsste vermindert werden, zumindest müssten die größeren Verbünde eine gemeinsame Datenbank anlegen. Dies würde den Katalogisierungsaufwand sofort be trächtlich reduzieren, da eine Vielzahl von Bibliotheken dieselbe Aufnahme nutzen könnte. 2. Das Regelwerk RAK muss modernisiert und verschlankt werden. Vorschriften, die nur für Kartenkataloge sinnvoll sind, müssen gestrichen werden - andere, die zur Beschreibung multimedialer Objekte erforderlich sind, sind neu einzufügen. Da das bisherige Regelwerk die Grundlage bildet, besteht Kompatibilität, d.h. es findet kein Katalogbruch statt. 3. Anzustreben wäre selbstverständlich auch eine Anpassung an verbreitete internationale Standards, um den Austausch zu vereinfachen. 4. Dieses weiterentwickelte Regelwerk könnte RAK-L(ight) oder RAK-online heißen, und es sollte mehrstufig angelegt werden. Ein minimaler und auch von nicht-professionellen Kräften handhabbarer Mindest-Standard müss te ermöglicht werden. Die Erfassung könnte dann zu einem Gutteil durch angelernte Schreib- bzw. wissenschaftliche Hilfskräfte erfolgen, was eine enorme Kostenersparnis bedeuten und die hochqualifizierten Diplom-Bibliothekare für andere Aufgaben (z.B. im Bereich des elektronischen Publizierens) freisetzen würde. Solche Minimal-Katalogisate könnten bei Bedarf durch weitere Elemente ergänzt werden bis hin zu einer umfassenden, professionellen bibliographischen Beschreibung, wie sie historische Bestände erfordern. 5. Der durch die Vereinfachung ersparte Aufwand könnte sinnvoll für eine elektronische Erfassung sämtlicher noch vorhandener Zettelkataloge genutzt werden. Alle Erfassungsarbeiten würden beschleunigt werden. Denkbar wäre dann auch, die Kataloge durch Verzeichnung von Aufsätzen, Inhaltsverzeichnissen, Abstracts, Rezensionen etc. mit Informationen anzureichern.
An einer Weiterentwicklung der RAK in diesem Sinne einer Vereinfachung, Modernisierung und besseren internationalen Kompatibilität wurde unter dem Arbeitstitel RAK2 bereits einige Jahre gearbeitet. Diese Arbeit ist de facto schon im Jahr 2000 von der Deutschen Bibliothek gestoppt worden. Seither führen die Bibliothekare eine unfruchtbare Umstellungsdiskussion, anstatt ein sinnvolles Regelwerk zu erarbeiten. Die erzwungene Pause gibt Gelegenheit, die Zielrichtung neu zu fassen und stärker als bisher geplant auf eine Vereinfachung abzuzielen. Oberster Grundsatz sollte dabei sein, nur das zu leisten, was wirklich vom Nutzer (und nicht nur vom Bibliothekar) gebraucht wird. Mit anderen Worten: die immer spärlicher fließenden Mittel müssen so effektiv wie möglich eingesetzt werden. Da aber die zuständigen bibliothekarischen Institutionen, allen voran die derzeit in Vielem merkwürdig rückwärts gewandte Deutsche Bibliothek, genau diese Weiterentwicklung zu bremsen versuchen, müssen die Impulse von anderer Seite kommen. Es bleibt zu hoffen, dass die Kanzler der Hochschulen und die Aufsicht führenden Ministerien die Bibliotheken doch noch zwingen, ihre Katalogisierungsregeln den Erfordernissen der Nutzer anzupassen, für die sie da sind."
- Date
- 22. 6.2003 12:13:13
-
Hinweise für die Anwendung der "Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung" (RAK) in staatlichen Allgemeinbibliotheken und Gewerkschaftsbibliotheken (1977)
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- Imprint
- Berlin : Zentralinstitut für Bibliothekswesen
-
Jung, R.: Methodik und Didaktik einer Einführung in die RAK nach vorausgegangenem Unterricht der Titelaufnahme nach den "Preußischen Instruktionen" (1976)
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- Imprint
- Berlin : Deutscher Buibliotheksverband / Arbeitsstelle für das Bibliothekswesen
- Source
- Methodisch-didaktische Probleme des Lehrfachs Alphabetische Katalogisierung: 5 Vorträge. Hrsg.: R. Jung
-
Henze, G.: First IFLA Meeting of Experts an an International Cataloguing Code (2003)
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- Abstract
- Vom 28. bis 30. Juli 2003 trafen sich in der Deutschen Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main auf Einladung der Sektion Katalogisierung der IFLA Regelwerksexperten aus Europa, Amerika und Australien zum »First IFLA Meeting of Experts an an International Cataloguing Code«. Die europäischen Regelwerksgremien entsandten verantwortliche Regelwerksexperten. Dieser Auftaktveranstaltung, die die Erschließung in Europa zum Schwerpunkt hatte, sollen weitere Veranstaltungen im Vorfeld der IFLA-Konferenzen 2004 in Buenos Aires und 2006 in Seoul folgen. 52 Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer aus insgesamt 29 Ländern und drei Kontinenten nutzten die Gelegenheit zu einem intensiven Informations- und Meinungsaustausch auf der Frankfurter Konferenz, nachdem bereits im Vorfeld Hintergrundpapiere auf der Konferenz-Website" bereitgestellt worden waren. Diskussionsbeiträge wurden ebenfalls bereits vor dem Treffen über eine E-MailListe ausgetauscht, die nicht nur den Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmern, sondern auch weiteren Interessierten offen stand und besonders in den Wochen und Tagen vor der Konferenz rege genutzt wurde. Arbeitssprache der Konferenz war englisch. Das Ziel der Konferenz, die Möglichkeiten eines weltweiten Datenaustausches über gemeinsame Standards zu den Inhalten von bibliografischen Datensätzen und Normdatensätzen zu verbessern, stieß auf allgemeines Interesse. Für eine vergleichende Untersuchung zu grundlegenden Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschieden in den derzeit in Europa verwendeten Regelwerken erstellten die Regelwerksgremien unter Verwendung eines einheitlichen Fragenkataloges »Steckbriefe«, um Möglichkeiten einer Harmonisierung auszuloten und vielleicht sogar in naher Zukunft ein internationales Regelwerk zu entwickeln. Angesichts der Vielzahl der in Europa verwendeten Regelwerke konnten diese nicht alle im Plenum vorgestellt werden. Stattdessen gab es eine kurze Vorstellung der Regelwerksgremien in den angloamerikanischen Ländern sowie Frankreich, Deutschland und Osterreich, Spanien, Russland, Italien und Kroatien.
- Date
- 16.11.2003 19:22:45
-
Budach, A.; Pflug, G.: ¬Die neuen Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung (1969)
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- Source
- Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie. 16(1969) H.5/6, S.374-380
-
Hädrich, G.: Unreglementierte Gedanken zur Weiterentwicklung des Regelwerks für die alphabetische Katalogisierung (1996)
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- Source
- Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie. 43(1996) H.5, S.471-486
