-
Wimmer, F.: ¬Die internationale Dezimalklassifikation : Betrachtungen zu ihrer Entstehungsgeschichte und Aktualität (1985)
0.01
0.007923378 = product of:
0.0607459 = sum of:
0.01790758 = weight(_text_:und in 1167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.01790758 = score(doc=1167,freq=2.0), product of:
0.052235067 = queryWeight, product of:
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.023567878 = queryNorm
0.34282678 = fieldWeight in 1167, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1167)
0.02255475 = product of:
0.0451095 = sum of:
0.0451095 = weight(_text_:29 in 1167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0451095 = score(doc=1167,freq=2.0), product of:
0.08290443 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.023567878 = queryNorm
0.5441145 = fieldWeight in 1167, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1167)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.020283569 = product of:
0.040567137 = sum of:
0.040567137 = weight(_text_:international in 1167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.040567137 = score(doc=1167,freq=2.0), product of:
0.078619614 = queryWeight, product of:
3.33588 = idf(docFreq=4276, maxDocs=44218)
0.023567878 = queryNorm
0.5159926 = fieldWeight in 1167, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.33588 = idf(docFreq=4276, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1167)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.13043478 = coord(3/23)
- Source
- DK-Mitteilungen. 29(1985) Nr.5, S.15-18
- Theme
- International bedeutende Universalklassifikationen
-
Pflug, G.: Classification in the libraries of the German Federal Republic (1982)
0.00
0.004257224 = product of:
0.048958078 = sum of:
0.025776858 = product of:
0.051553715 = sum of:
0.051553715 = weight(_text_:29 in 1248) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.051553715 = score(doc=1248,freq=2.0), product of:
0.08290443 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.023567878 = queryNorm
0.6218451 = fieldWeight in 1248, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1248)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.023181222 = product of:
0.046362445 = sum of:
0.046362445 = weight(_text_:international in 1248) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.046362445 = score(doc=1248,freq=2.0), product of:
0.078619614 = queryWeight, product of:
3.33588 = idf(docFreq=4276, maxDocs=44218)
0.023567878 = queryNorm
0.5897058 = fieldWeight in 1248, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.33588 = idf(docFreq=4276, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1248)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.08695652 = coord(2/23)
- Source
- International classification. 9(1982), S.27-29
-
Kleinschmidt, H.: Vom System zur Ordnung: Bemerkungen zu Bewertungen von Sachkatalogen vornehmlich im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert (1987)
0.00
0.004090219 = product of:
0.047037516 = sum of:
0.01790758 = weight(_text_:und in 1507) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.01790758 = score(doc=1507,freq=2.0), product of:
0.052235067 = queryWeight, product of:
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.023567878 = queryNorm
0.34282678 = fieldWeight in 1507, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1507)
0.029129935 = weight(_text_:im in 1507) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.029129935 = score(doc=1507,freq=2.0), product of:
0.066621356 = queryWeight, product of:
2.8267863 = idf(docFreq=7115, maxDocs=44218)
0.023567878 = queryNorm
0.4372462 = fieldWeight in 1507, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.8267863 = idf(docFreq=7115, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1507)
0.08695652 = coord(2/23)
-
Totok, W.: Wissensordnung und Ordnungswissen zwischen Renaissance und Aufklärung (1980)
0.00
0.0011678856 = product of:
0.026861368 = sum of:
0.026861368 = weight(_text_:und in 1433) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.026861368 = score(doc=1433,freq=18.0), product of:
0.052235067 = queryWeight, product of:
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.023567878 = queryNorm
0.51424015 = fieldWeight in 1433, product of:
4.2426405 = tf(freq=18.0), with freq of:
18.0 = termFreq=18.0
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1433)
0.04347826 = coord(1/23)
- Abstract
- Es wird der Wissensbegriff und das Ordnungswissen, wie es sich aus der aristotelisch-thomistischen Tradition herleitete mit den Auffassungen über Wissensformen, wie sie bei Hobbes, Locke und anderen Autoren der beginnenden Neuzeit bestehen, in Verbindung gebracht und am Beispiel der Klassifikationsversuche von Bacon, Descartes, Leibniz, Locke und Hobbes untersucht, in welchem Maße der Methodendualismus von Empirismus und Rationalismus in die Klassifikationsmomente eingeht, wieweit zugleich auch wissenschaftsgeschichtliche, wissenssoziologische, gesellschaftspolitische und wissenschaftsorganisatorische Faktoren auf die Klassifikation einwirken, welche verschiedenen Ansätze zu einer Wissensordnung unternommen wurden in einer Epoche, die nicht unwesentlich die weitere Wissenschaftsentwicklung bestimmt hat
- Source
- Wissensstrukturen und Ordnungsmuster. Proc. der 4. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Klassifikation, Salzburg, 16.-19.4.1980. Red.: W. Dahlberg
-
Hunter, E.J.: ¬The United Kingdom contribution to subject cataloguing and classification since 1945 (1987)
0.00
8.818943E-4 = product of:
0.020283569 = sum of:
0.020283569 = product of:
0.040567137 = sum of:
0.040567137 = weight(_text_:international in 1534) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.040567137 = score(doc=1534,freq=2.0), product of:
0.078619614 = queryWeight, product of:
3.33588 = idf(docFreq=4276, maxDocs=44218)
0.023567878 = queryNorm
0.5159926 = fieldWeight in 1534, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.33588 = idf(docFreq=4276, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1534)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.04347826 = coord(1/23)
- Source
- International cataloguing. 16(1987), S.31-34
-
Satija, M.P.: History of book numbers (1987)
0.00
4.4094716E-4 = product of:
0.010141784 = sum of:
0.010141784 = product of:
0.020283569 = sum of:
0.020283569 = weight(_text_:international in 1243) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.020283569 = score(doc=1243,freq=2.0), product of:
0.078619614 = queryWeight, product of:
3.33588 = idf(docFreq=4276, maxDocs=44218)
0.023567878 = queryNorm
0.2579963 = fieldWeight in 1243, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.33588 = idf(docFreq=4276, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1243)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.04347826 = coord(1/23)
- Source
- International classification. 14(1987), S.70-76
-
Hopwood, H.V.: Dewey expanded (1985)
0.00
3.5633912E-4 = product of:
0.0081958 = sum of:
0.0081958 = product of:
0.0163916 = sum of:
0.0163916 = weight(_text_:international in 3629) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0163916 = score(doc=3629,freq=4.0), product of:
0.078619614 = queryWeight, product of:
3.33588 = idf(docFreq=4276, maxDocs=44218)
0.023567878 = queryNorm
0.2084925 = fieldWeight in 3629, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.33588 = idf(docFreq=4276, maxDocs=44218)
0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=3629)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.04347826 = coord(1/23)
- Abstract
- Toward the end of the nineteenth century, Paul Otlet and Henri LaFontaine of Belgium initiated the compilation of an index to all recorded knowledge. Instead of an alphabetical file, they decided to adopt a classified arrangement. For the basis of such an arrangement, they turned to the Dewey Decimal Classification, a system which was gaining wide acceptance in American libraries. With permission secured from Melvil Dewey to expand the system to include details required for an indexing tool, Otlet and LaFontaine began developing what was to become the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC). Following the establishment of the Institut International de Bibliographie (IIB), later the Fédération Internationale de Documentation (FID), in 1895, work an the universal index and the classification scheme proceeded under its aegis. In 1905, the classification scheme was published as the Manuel du Répertoire bibliographique universel. While the initial, ambitious project of the universal index was abandoned, the classification scheme itself was widely adopted, particularly in special libraries in Europe. A second edition was published in 1927-1933 under the title Classification décimale universelle. The development and maintanance of the scheme continued with the support of the FID. In the course of its development, the UDC moved further and further away from its prototype, the Dewey Decimal Classification. One of the major differences between the two systems is the use of relators in UDC. The notation adopted by Melvil Dewey for his scheme is a hierarchical one; in other words, the notation reflects the hierarchical relationships among subjects. However, it does not display the relationships among the facets, or aspects, of a particular subject. Furthermore, the use of auxiliaries in the Dewey Decimal Classification, beginning with the form subdivisions and gradually expanding to include geographic subdivisions and finally other auxiliaries in the most recent editions, has been relatively restricted. As an indexing tool, Otlet and LaFontaine felt that their system needed commonly applicable auxiliaries which they called "determinatives."` To this end, a series of special symbols were introduced into the system for the purpose of combining related subjects and indicating different facets or aspects of the main subject. The use of these symbols, called relators, with the auxiliaries has rendered the Universal Decimal Classification a synthetic scheme. In this respect, the UDC has moved much more rapidly than the Dewey Decimal Classification toward becoming a faceted classification. In the following paper, Henry V. Hopwood, a Senior Assistant at the British Patent Office Library during the 1900s, explains the use and rationale of relators, or "marks," as he calls them, in the Universal Decimal Classification.
- Theme
- International bedeutende Universalklassifikationen
-
Martel, C.: Classification: a brief conspectus of present day library practice (1985)
0.00
2.5196982E-4 = product of:
0.0057953056 = sum of:
0.0057953056 = product of:
0.011590611 = sum of:
0.011590611 = weight(_text_:international in 3623) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.011590611 = score(doc=3623,freq=2.0), product of:
0.078619614 = queryWeight, product of:
3.33588 = idf(docFreq=4276, maxDocs=44218)
0.023567878 = queryNorm
0.14742646 = fieldWeight in 3623, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.33588 = idf(docFreq=4276, maxDocs=44218)
0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=3623)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.04347826 = coord(1/23)
- Theme
- International bedeutende Universalklassifikationen
-
Dewey, M.: Decimal classification and relativ index : introduction (1985)
0.00
2.5196982E-4 = product of:
0.0057953056 = sum of:
0.0057953056 = product of:
0.011590611 = sum of:
0.011590611 = weight(_text_:international in 3628) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.011590611 = score(doc=3628,freq=2.0), product of:
0.078619614 = queryWeight, product of:
3.33588 = idf(docFreq=4276, maxDocs=44218)
0.023567878 = queryNorm
0.14742646 = fieldWeight in 3628, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.33588 = idf(docFreq=4276, maxDocs=44218)
0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=3628)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.04347826 = coord(1/23)
- Theme
- International bedeutende Universalklassifikationen
-
Bliss, H.E.: ¬A bibliographic classification : principles and definitions (1985)
0.00
1.9323116E-4 = product of:
0.0044443165 = sum of:
0.0044443165 = product of:
0.008888633 = sum of:
0.008888633 = weight(_text_:1 in 3621) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.008888633 = score(doc=3621,freq=4.0), product of:
0.057894554 = queryWeight, product of:
2.4565027 = idf(docFreq=10304, maxDocs=44218)
0.023567878 = queryNorm
0.15353142 = fieldWeight in 3621, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
2.4565027 = idf(docFreq=10304, maxDocs=44218)
0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=3621)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.04347826 = coord(1/23)
- Abstract
- Henry Evelyn Bliss (1870-1955) devoted several decades of his life to the study of classification and the development of the Bibliographic Classification scheme while serving as a librarian in the College of the City of New York. In the course of the development of the Bibliographic Classification, Bliss developed a body of classification theory published in a number of articles and books, among which the best known are The Organization of Knowledge and the System of the Sciences (1929), Organization of Knowledge in Libraries and the Subject Approach to Books (1933; 2nd ed., 1939), and the lengthy preface to A Bibliographic Classification (Volumes 1-2, 1940; 2nd ed., 1952). In developing the Bibliographic Classification, Bliss carefully established its philosophical and theoretical basis, more so than was attempted by the makers of other classification schemes, with the possible exception of S. R. Ranganathan (q.v.) and his Colon Classification. The basic principles established by Bliss for the Bibliographic Classification are: consensus, collocation of related subjects, subordination of special to general and gradation in specialty, and the relativity of classes and of classification (hence alternative location and alternative treatment). In the preface to the schedules of A Bibliographic Classification, Bliss spells out the general principles of classification as weIl as principles specifically related to his scheme. The first volume of the schedules appeared in 1940. In 1952, he issued a second edition of the volume with a rewritten preface, from which the following excerpt is taken, and with the addition of a "Concise Synopsis," which is also included here to illustrate the principles of classificatory structure. In the excerpt reprinted below, Bliss discusses the correlation between classes, concepts, and terms, as weIl as the hierarchical structure basic to his classification scheme. In his discussion of cross-classification, Bliss recognizes the "polydimensional" nature of classification and the difficulties inherent in the two-dimensional approach which is characteristic of linear classification. This is one of the earliest works in which the multidimensional nature of classification is recognized. The Bibliographic Classification did not meet with great success in the United States because the Dewey Decimal Classification and the Library of Congress Classification were already weIl ensconced in American libraries by then. Nonetheless, it attracted considerable attention in the British Commonwealth and elsewhere in the world. A committee was formed in Britain which later became the Bliss Classification Association. A faceted edition of the scheme has been in preparation under the direction of J. Mills and V. Broughton. Several parts of this new edition, entitled Bliss Bibliographic Classification, have been published.
- Footnote
- Original in: Bliss, H.E.: A bibliographic classification extended by systematic auxuliary schedules for composite specification and notation. vols 1-2. 2nd ed. New York: Wilson 1952. S.3-11.
-
Kaiser, J.O.: Systematic indexing (1985)
0.00
1.9323116E-4 = product of:
0.0044443165 = sum of:
0.0044443165 = product of:
0.008888633 = sum of:
0.008888633 = weight(_text_:1 in 571) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.008888633 = score(doc=571,freq=4.0), product of:
0.057894554 = queryWeight, product of:
2.4565027 = idf(docFreq=10304, maxDocs=44218)
0.023567878 = queryNorm
0.15353142 = fieldWeight in 571, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
2.4565027 = idf(docFreq=10304, maxDocs=44218)
0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=571)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.04347826 = coord(1/23)
- Abstract
- A native of Germany and a former teacher of languages and music, Julius Otto Kaiser (1868-1927) came to the Philadelphia Commercial Museum to be its librarian in 1896. Faced with the problem of making "information" accessible, he developed a method of indexing he called systematic indexing. The first draft of his scheme, published in 1896-97, was an important landmark in the history of subject analysis. R. K. Olding credits Kaiser with making the greatest single advance in indexing theory since Charles A. Cutter and John Metcalfe eulogizes him by observing that "in sheer capacity for really scientific and logical thinking, Kaiser's was probably the best mind that has ever applied itself to subject indexing." Kaiser was an admirer of "system." By systematic indexing he meant indicating information not with natural language expressions as, for instance, Cutter had advocated, but with artificial expressions constructed according to formulas. Kaiser grudged natural language its approximateness, its vagaries, and its ambiguities. The formulas he introduced were to provide a "machinery for regularising or standardising language" (paragraph 67). Kaiser recognized three categories or "facets" of index terms: (1) terms of concretes, representing things, real or imaginary (e.g., money, machines); (2) terms of processes, representing either conditions attaching to things or their actions (e.g., trade, manufacture); and (3) terms of localities, representing, for the most part, countries (e.g., France, South Africa). Expressions in Kaiser's index language were called statements. Statements consisted of sequences of terms, the syntax of which was prescribed by formula. These formulas specified sequences of terms by reference to category types. Only three citation orders were permitted: a term in the concrete category followed by one in the process category (e.g., Wool-Scouring); (2) a country term followed by a process term (e.g., Brazil - Education); and (3) a concrete term followed by a country term, followed by a process term (e.g., Nitrate-Chile-Trade). Kaiser's system was a precursor of two of the most significant developments in twentieth-century approaches to subject access-the special purpose use of language for indexing, thus the concept of index language, which was to emerge as a generative idea at the time of the second Cranfield experiment (1966) and the use of facets to categorize subject indicators, which was to become the characterizing feature of analytico-synthetic indexing methods such as the Colon classification. In addition to its visionary quality, Kaiser's work is notable for its meticulousness and honesty, as can be seen, for instance, in his observations about the difficulties in facet definition.
- Footnote
- Original in: Kaiser, J.O.: Systematic indexing. London: Pitman 1991. Vol. II, Paragraphs 1-18, 52-58, 295-348.
