-
Verwer, K.: Freiheit und Verantwortung bei Hans Jonas (2011)
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- Content
- Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fcreativechoice.org%2Fdoc%2FHansJonas.pdf&usg=AOvVaw1TM3teaYKgABL5H9yoIifA&opi=89978449.
-
Mönnich, M.W.: Personalcomputer in Bibliotheken : Arbeitsplätze für Benutzer (1991)
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- Classification
- AN 73600 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Datenverarbeitung / Einsatz in Benutzung und Ausleihe
AN 73000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Datenverarbeitung / Allgemeines
- RVK
- AN 73600 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Datenverarbeitung / Einsatz in Benutzung und Ausleihe
AN 73000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Datenverarbeitung / Allgemeines
- Series
- Kölner Arbeiten zum Bibliotheks- und Dokumentationswesen; H.15
-
Shala, E.: ¬Die Autonomie des Menschen und der Maschine : gegenwärtige Definitionen von Autonomie zwischen philosophischem Hintergrund und technologischer Umsetzbarkeit (2014)
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- Abstract
- Werden Maschinen mit Begriffen beschrieben, die ursprünglich der Beschreibung des Menschen dienen, so liegt zunächst der Verdacht nahe, dass jene Maschinen spezifischmenschliche Fähigkeiten oder Eigenschaften besitzen. Für körperliche Fähigkeiten, die mechanisch nachgeahmt werden, hat sich in der Alltagssprache eine anthropomorphisierende Sprechweise bereits etabliert. So wird kaum in Frage gestellt, dass bestimmte Maschinen weben, backen, sich bewegen oder arbeiten können. Bei nichtkörperlichen Eigenschaften, etwa kognitiver, sozialer oder moralischer Art sieht dies jedoch anders aus. Dass mittlerweile intelligente und rechnende Maschinen im alltäglichen Sprachgebrauch Eingang gefunden haben, wäre jedoch undenkbar ohne den langjährigen Diskurs über Künstliche Intelligenz, welcher insbesondere die zweite Hälfte des vergangenen Jahrhunderts geprägt hat. In jüngster Zeit ist es der Autonomiebegriff, welcher zunehmend Verwendung zur Beschreibung neuer Technologien findet, wie etwa "autonome mobile Roboter" oder "autonome Systeme". Dem Begriff nach rekurriert die "Autonomie" jener Technologien auf eine bestimmte Art technologischen Fortschritts, die von der Fähigkeit zur Selbstgesetzgebung herrührt. Dies wirft aus philosophischer Sicht jedoch die Frage auf, wie die Selbstgesetzgebung in diesem Fall definiert ist, zumal sich der Autonomiebegriff in der Philosophie auf die politische oder moralische Selbstgesetzgebung von Menschen oder Menschengruppen beziehungsweise ihre Handlungen bezieht. Im Handbuch Robotik hingegen führt der Autor geradezu beiläufig die Bezeichnung "autonom" ein, indem er prognostiziert, dass "[.] autonome Roboter in Zukunft sogar einen Großteil der Altenbetreuung übernehmen werden."
- Footnote
- Vgl. unter: https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwizweHljdbcAhVS16QKHXcFD9QQFjABegQICRAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F271200105_Die_Autonomie_des_Menschen_und_der_Maschine_-_gegenwartige_Definitionen_von_Autonomie_zwischen_philosophischem_Hintergrund_und_technologischer_Umsetzbarkeit_Redigierte_Version_der_Magisterarbeit_Karls&usg=AOvVaw06orrdJmFF2xbCCp_hL26q.
-
Gabler, S.: Vergabe von DDC-Sachgruppen mittels eines Schlagwort-Thesaurus (2021)
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- Abstract
- Vorgestellt wird die Konstruktion eines thematisch geordneten Thesaurus auf Basis der Sachschlagwörter der Gemeinsamen Normdatei (GND) unter Nutzung der darin enthaltenen DDC-Notationen. Oberste Ordnungsebene dieses Thesaurus werden die DDC-Sachgruppen der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek. Die Konstruktion des Thesaurus erfolgt regelbasiert unter der Nutzung von Linked Data Prinzipien in einem SPARQL Prozessor. Der Thesaurus dient der automatisierten Gewinnung von Metadaten aus wissenschaftlichen Publikationen mittels eines computerlinguistischen Extraktors. Hierzu werden digitale Volltexte verarbeitet. Dieser ermittelt die gefundenen Schlagwörter über Vergleich der Zeichenfolgen Benennungen im Thesaurus, ordnet die Treffer nach Relevanz im Text und gibt die zugeordne-ten Sachgruppen rangordnend zurück. Die grundlegende Annahme dabei ist, dass die gesuchte Sachgruppe unter den oberen Rängen zurückgegeben wird. In einem dreistufigen Verfahren wird die Leistungsfähigkeit des Verfahrens validiert. Hierzu wird zunächst anhand von Metadaten und Erkenntnissen einer Kurzautopsie ein Goldstandard aus Dokumenten erstellt, die im Online-Katalog der DNB abrufbar sind. Die Dokumente vertei-len sich über 14 der Sachgruppen mit einer Losgröße von jeweils 50 Dokumenten. Sämtliche Dokumente werden mit dem Extraktor erschlossen und die Ergebnisse der Kategorisierung do-kumentiert. Schließlich wird die sich daraus ergebende Retrievalleistung sowohl für eine harte (binäre) Kategorisierung als auch eine rangordnende Rückgabe der Sachgruppen beurteilt.
- Content
- Master thesis Master of Science (Library and Information Studies) (MSc), Universität Wien. Advisor: Christoph Steiner. Vgl.: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371680244_Vergabe_von_DDC-Sachgruppen_mittels_eines_Schlagwort-Thesaurus. DOI: 10.25365/thesis.70030. Vgl. dazu die Präsentation unter: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=0CAIQw7AJahcKEwjwoZzzytz_AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQAg&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.dnb.de%2Fdownload%2Fattachments%2F252121510%2FDA3%2520Workshop-Gabler.pdf%3Fversion%3D1%26modificationDate%3D1671093170000%26api%3Dv2&psig=AOvVaw0szwENK1or3HevgvIDOfjx&ust=1687719410889597&opi=89978449.
-
Huo, W.: Automatic multi-word term extraction and its application to Web-page summarization (2012)
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- Abstract
- In this thesis we propose three new word association measures for multi-word term extraction. We combine these association measures with LocalMaxs algorithm in our extraction model and compare the results of different multi-word term extraction methods. Our approach is language and domain independent and requires no training data. It can be applied to such tasks as text summarization, information retrieval, and document classification. We further explore the potential of using multi-word terms as an effective representation for general web-page summarization. We extract multi-word terms from human written summaries in a large collection of web-pages, and generate the summaries by aligning document words with these multi-word terms. Our system applies machine translation technology to learn the aligning process from a training set and focuses on selecting high quality multi-word terms from human written summaries to generate suitable results for web-page summarization.
- Content
- A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computer Science. Vgl. Unter: http://www.inf.ufrgs.br%2F~ceramisch%2Fdownload_files%2Fpublications%2F2009%2Fp01.pdf.
- Date
- 10. 1.2013 19:22:47
-
Xiong, C.: Knowledge based text representations for information retrieval (2016)
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- Abstract
- The successes of information retrieval (IR) in recent decades were built upon bag-of-words representations. Effective as it is, bag-of-words is only a shallow text understanding; there is a limited amount of information for document ranking in the word space. This dissertation goes beyond words and builds knowledge based text representations, which embed the external and carefully curated information from knowledge bases, and provide richer and structured evidence for more advanced information retrieval systems. This thesis research first builds query representations with entities associated with the query. Entities' descriptions are used by query expansion techniques that enrich the query with explanation terms. Then we present a general framework that represents a query with entities that appear in the query, are retrieved by the query, or frequently show up in the top retrieved documents. A latent space model is developed to jointly learn the connections from query to entities and the ranking of documents, modeling the external evidence from knowledge bases and internal ranking features cooperatively. To further improve the quality of relevant entities, a defining factor of our query representations, we introduce learning to rank to entity search and retrieve better entities from knowledge bases. In the document representation part, this thesis research also moves one step forward with a bag-of-entities model, in which documents are represented by their automatic entity annotations, and the ranking is performed in the entity space.
- Content
- Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Language and Information Technologies. Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.cmu.edu%2F~cx%2Fpapers%2Fknowledge_based_text_representation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0SaTSvhWLTh__Uz_HtOtl3.
-
Farazi, M.: Faceted lightweight ontologies : a formalization and some experiments (2010)
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- Abstract
- While classifications are heavily used to categorize web content, the evolution of the web foresees a more formal structure - ontology - which can serve this purpose. Ontologies are core artifacts of the Semantic Web which enable machines to use inference rules to conduct automated reasoning on data. Lightweight ontologies bridge the gap between classifications and ontologies. A lightweight ontology (LO) is an ontology representing a backbone taxonomy where the concept of the child node is more specific than the concept of the parent node. Formal lightweight ontologies can be generated from their informal ones. The key applications of formal lightweight ontologies are document classification, semantic search, and data integration. However, these applications suffer from the following problems: the disambiguation accuracy of the state of the art NLP tools used in generating formal lightweight ontologies from their informal ones; the lack of background knowledge needed for the formal lightweight ontologies; and the limitation of ontology reuse. In this dissertation, we propose a novel solution to these problems in formal lightweight ontologies; namely, faceted lightweight ontology (FLO). FLO is a lightweight ontology in which terms, present in each node label, and their concepts, are available in the background knowledge (BK), which is organized as a set of facets. A facet can be defined as a distinctive property of the groups of concepts that can help in differentiating one group from another. Background knowledge can be defined as a subset of a knowledge base, such as WordNet, and often represents a specific domain.
- Content
- PhD Dissertation at International Doctorate School in Information and Communication Technology. Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F150083013.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2n-qisNagpyT0lli_6QbAQ.
-
Piros, A.: Az ETO-jelzetek automatikus interpretálásának és elemzésének kérdései (2018)
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- Abstract
- Converting UDC numbers manually to a complex format such as the one mentioned above is an unrealistic expectation; supporting building these representations, as far as possible automatically, is a well-founded requirement. An additional advantage of this approach is that the existing records could also be processed and converted. In my dissertation I would like to prove also that it is possible to design and implement an algorithm that is able to convert pre-coordinated UDC numbers into the introduced format by identifying all their elements and revealing their whole syntactic structure as well. In my dissertation I will discuss a feasible way of building a UDC-specific XML schema for describing the most detailed and complicated UDC numbers (containing not only the common auxiliary signs and numbers, but also the different types of special auxiliaries). The schema definition is available online at: http://piros.udc-interpreter.hu#xsd. The primary goal of my research is to prove that it is possible to support building, retrieving, and analyzing UDC numbers without compromises, by taking the whole syntactic richness of the scheme by storing the UDC numbers reserving the meaning of pre-coordination. The research has also included the implementation of a software that parses UDC classmarks attended to prove that such solution can be applied automatically without any additional effort or even retrospectively on existing collections.
- Content
- Vgl. auch: New automatic interpreter for complex UDC numbers. Unter: <https%3A%2F%2Fudcc.org%2Ffiles%2FAttilaPiros_EC_36-37_2014-2015.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3kc9CwDDCWP7aArpfjrs5b>
-
Nimz, B.: ¬Die Erschließung im Archiv- und Bibliothekswesen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung elektronischer Informationsträger : ein Vergleich im Interesse der Professionalisierung und Harmonisierung (2001)
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- Abstract
- Diese Arbeit dient der Professionalisierung und Harmonisierung der Erschließungsmethodik im Archiv- und Bibliothekswesen. Die Erschließung ist das Kernstück der archivarischen und bibliothekarischen Arbeit und Grundlage für die Benutzung durch die interessierte Öffentlichkeit. Hier wird, bildlich gesprochen, das gesät, was in der Benutzung geerntet wird und je gewissenhafter die Aussaat desto ertragreicher die Ernte. Der Bereich der Dokumentation wird, wo es für die Betrachtung der integrativen Momente in den Informationswissenschaften erforderlich erscheint, einbezogen. Das Hauptaugenmerk gilt jedoch der Archivwissenschaft und den Beziehungen zwischen der Archiv- und Bibliothekswissenschaft. Vornehmlich wird die Arbeit nationale Strukturen des Archivund Bibliothekswesens sowie ausgewählte Projekte und Tendenzen abhandeln. Auf eine erschöpfende Untersuchung aller Ausbildungsgänge auf dem Informationssektor wird verzichtet, da das Ziel dieser Arbeit nur die Betrachtung der integrativen Konzepte in der Ausbildung ist. Ziel der Publikation ist es, Angebote sowohl für die Grundlagenforschung als auch für die angewandte Forschung im Themenbereich Harmonisierung und Professionalisierung in der Erschließung der Informationswissenschaften zu machen. Sie kann als Diskussionsgrundlage für den interdisziplinären fachlichen Austausch dienen, der weitere Arbeiten folgen müssen. Es wird versucht, Wissen aus den Bereichen Archivwesen und Bibliothekswesen zu kumulieren und zu kommentieren. Vollständigkeit wird nicht beansprucht, sondern Wert auf Beispielhaftigkeit gelegt, zumal der rasante Technologiewandel zwangsläufig eine rasche Veralterung technischer Angaben zu den elektronischen Informationsträgern zur Folge hat. Bestand haben jedoch die theoretischen Überlegungen und abstrakten Betrachtungen sowie die getroffenen Aussagen zur Addition, Integration und Separation der Informationswissenschaften. In der Arbeit werden in dem Kapitel "Die Informationsgesellschaft" vorrangig die Auswirkungen der Informationsgesellschaft auf die Archive und Bibliotheken untersucht, wobei zunächst von der Klärung der Begriffe "Information" und "Informationsgesellschaft" und der Informationspolitik in der EU und in der Bundesrepublik ausgegangen wird.
- Classification
- AN 74000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Kataloge, Katalogisierung / Allgemeines
- Footnote
- Rez. in: Bibliothek: Forschung und Praxis 28(2004) H.1, S.132-135 (H. Flachmann)
- RVK
- AN 74000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Kataloge, Katalogisierung / Allgemeines
- Series
- Texte und Untersuchungen zur Archivpflege; Bd.14
-
Stojanovic, N.: Ontology-based Information Retrieval : methods and tools for cooperative query answering (2005)
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- Abstract
- By the explosion of possibilities for a ubiquitous content production, the information overload problem reaches the level of complexity which cannot be managed by traditional modelling approaches anymore. Due to their pure syntactical nature traditional information retrieval approaches did not succeed in treating content itself (i.e. its meaning, and not its representation). This leads to a very low usefulness of the results of a retrieval process for a user's task at hand. In the last ten years ontologies have been emerged from an interesting conceptualisation paradigm to a very promising (semantic) modelling technology, especially in the context of the Semantic Web. From the information retrieval point of view, ontologies enable a machine-understandable form of content description, such that the retrieval process can be driven by the meaning of the content. However, the very ambiguous nature of the retrieval process in which a user, due to the unfamiliarity with the underlying repository and/or query syntax, just approximates his information need in a query, implies a necessity to include the user in the retrieval process more actively in order to close the gap between the meaning of the content and the meaning of a user's query (i.e. his information need). This thesis lays foundation for such an ontology-based interactive retrieval process, in which the retrieval system interacts with a user in order to conceptually interpret the meaning of his query, whereas the underlying domain ontology drives the conceptualisation process. In that way the retrieval process evolves from a query evaluation process into a highly interactive cooperation between a user and the retrieval system, in which the system tries to anticipate the user's information need and to deliver the relevant content proactively. Moreover, the notion of content relevance for a user's query evolves from a content dependent artefact to the multidimensional context-dependent structure, strongly influenced by the user's preferences. This cooperation process is realized as the so-called Librarian Agent Query Refinement Process. In order to clarify the impact of an ontology on the retrieval process (regarding its complexity and quality), a set of methods and tools for different levels of content and query formalisation is developed, ranging from pure ontology-based inferencing to keyword-based querying in which semantics automatically emerges from the results. Our evaluation studies have shown that the possibilities to conceptualize a user's information need in the right manner and to interpret the retrieval results accordingly are key issues for realizing much more meaningful information retrieval systems.
- Content
- Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fdigbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fvolltexte%2Fdocuments%2F1627&ei=tAtYUYrBNoHKtQb3l4GYBw&usg=AFQjCNHeaxKkKU3-u54LWxMNYGXaaDLCGw&sig2=8WykXWQoDKjDSdGtAakH2Q&bvm=bv.44442042,d.Yms.
-
Müller, G.: Prinzipien der Nachlaßerschließung in Bibliotheken und Literaturarchiven (1990)
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- Imprint
- Hamburg : FH, Fb Bibliothekswesen
-
Schwartz, D.: Einsatz und Leitbilder der Datenverarbeitung in Bibliotheken : dargestellt an ausgewählten Projekten der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (2004)
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- Classification
- AN 73000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Datenverarbeitung / Allgemeines
- Footnote
- Rez. in: ZfBB 52(2005) H.2, S.105-107 (R. Altenhöner):"In seiner 2003 am Institut für Bibliothekswissenschaft der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin erstellten und angenommenen Dissertation untersucht Dieter Schwartz 30 Jahre Einsatz der Datenverarbeitung in Bibliotheken. Dabei interessieren ihn erklärtermaßen besonders die Leitbilder, die im historischen Rückblick auf die Zeit zwischen 1965 und 1995 zum Tragen kamen. Zugrunde gelegt hat er für dieses Unterfangen im Wesentlichen Projekte, die im Rahmen des Förderprogramms Modernisierung und Rationalisierung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft in diesem Zeitraum durchgeführt wurden. Inhalt und Vorgehen der Arbeit lassen sich wie folgt zusammenfassen: In einem ersten Teil wird nach einer sechsseitigen Einführung auf knapp 25 Seiten ein geschichtlicher Abriss der Datenverarbeitung gegeben, der sich im Wesentlichen auf allgemeine Grundlagenliteratur und einführende Handbücher stützt. Die folgenden rund 5o Seiten widmen sich dann dem eigentlichen Untersuchungsgegenstand: Schwartz zählt diverse Projekte aus der Laufzeit des Programms auf und bemüht sich darum,jede wertende Betrachtung zu unterlassen. Der Vorbereitung der eigentlichen kritischen Analyse dient das nächste Kapitel: Hierzu werden - auf wiederum knapp 25 Seiten ausgeführt - die Elemente »DFG, Projekte, Modernisierung und Rationalisierung sowie Innovation und Technik« herausgearbeitet und beschrieben, die Schwartz zu »geeigneten Betrachtungsgrößen« erklärt (S. 99). Das folgende Kapitel, »Kritische und vergleichende Betrachtung der beschriebenen Bibliotheksprojekte« stellt mit seinen 65 Seiten somit das eigentliche Herzstück der Arbeit dar. Hier sind die versprochenen Erkenntnisse aus dem Einleitungskapitel, nämlich »gegenwärtigen und zukünftigen Projekten der Datenverarbeitung die Ursprünge aufzuzeigen« (S. XI f) zu erwarten, da »das Studium der Vergangenheit ... der Gegenwart dienen und eine ergebnisreiche Zukunft vorbereiten« solle. Schwartz bietet außerdem als Dreingabe auf gut 25 Seiten eine zusammenfassende Betrachtung inklusive Ausblick auf die aktuellen Diskussionen, um abschließend nochmals eine Zusammenfassung auf nun einer Seite folgen zu lassen. Weitere rund 70 Seiten füllt der Anhang, der u.a. Förderrichtlinien der DFG, den DFG-Leitfaden für Antragsteller aus dem WWW übernimmt und abdruckt, einige aus sekundären Quellen übernommene Übersichten, ferner eine Auflistung der behandelten Projekte, einen Abschnitt mit Begriffsklärungen im Kontext von Bewertungsgrößen und Leistungsparametern und schließlich - neben dem ausführlichen Abkürzungs- und Literaturverzeichnis, das eine bunte und erkennbar höchst unterschiedlich intensiv in die Arbeit eingegangene Sammlung enthält - The-menvorschläge für weitere Arbeiten, auf die noch einmal zurückzukommen sein wird (S. 222 f). Ein Register fehlt bedauerlicherweise.
Methodisch gruppiert sich - das wurde schon deutlich - die Arbeit um Termini wie »Leitbilder«, »Modernisierung«, »Rationalisierung«, »Innovation« und will dies mit konkreten Projekten in einer »praxisbezogenen Sichtweise« (so der Klappentext) kontrastieren. Von diesem Zugang her stellt die Arbeit einen durchaus interessanten Ansatz zur historischen Würdigung der Datenverarbeitung und ihrer Rolle im Entwicklungsprozess der Bibliotheken dar. Schwartz will die »Projekte in ihrer Gesamtheit mit übergreifenden Beschreibungsmerkmalen und Entwicklungsphasen, insbesondere Ziele und Leitbilder der Bibliotheksprojekte« betrachten und herausarbeiten (S.4). Problematisch ist allerdings dabei, dass das methodische Vorgehen nicht ausreichend tief erfolgt oder auch nur einmal zusammenfassend reflektiert wird und mit der Auswahl und den ausgewählten »Quellen« selbst völlig unkritisch umgegangen wird. Weder wird klar definiert, was eigentlich unter einem »Leitbild« verstanden wird, noch, was diese Leitbilder eigentlich ausmacht oder was sie sind. Ähnliches gilt für das zugrunde gelegte Material: Werden die DFG-geförderten Projekte als Abbild der Gesamtentwicklung gesehen und wenn dies so gemeint ist, warum wird es nicht deutlich gesagt und entsprechend belegt? Eine nicht begründete affirmative Aussage zum Ende der Arbeit: »Die beschriebenen DFG-Projekte sind aufgrund ihrer thematischen Breite ein Spiegelbild der technischen Entwicklung zum Einsatz der Datenverarbeitung in Bibliotheken.« (S. 162) reicht dazu nicht aus. Wieso wird primär ein Förderprogramm (und das zeitlich teilweise parallele Förderprogramm »Informationsvermittlung in Bibliotheken«) untersucht? Wie betten sich die Aktivitäten in andere Förderaktivitäten der DFG ein und vor allem: Welchen Bezug hatte diese Förderlinie zu den Rahmenplanungen und Positionspapieren der DFG? Schlimmer noch: Einerseits wird ausdrücklich darauf verzichtet, eigene Bewertungen zu Projekten oder auch zu besprochenen Förderaktivitäten abzugeben (S.4 f), stattdessen werden »Kommentare und Bewertungen der Projekte aus vorhandenen Quellen herangezogen« (S.5). Andererseits werden diese (Selbst-)Statements aus dem DFGKontext selbst, in dünner Auswahl aber auch aus der zeitgenössischen Projektberichterstattung der Projektnehmer völlig unkritisch übernommen (S.111 f, 141 ff.). Zwar werden ausführlich Erfolgsparameter für Projekte diskutiert, andererseits aber verbiete sich jede Wertung bzw. Erfolgskontrolle (S.79 ff.). Gütekriterien werden benannt, aber extrem kurz abgehandelt: So ist etwa der Grad der Akzeptanz eines Projekts gerade einmal zwölf Zeilen wert (5.146) und wird auch später nicht weiter berücksichtigt.
In diesem eigentümlichen Sinne schwankend und vage ist der ganze methodische Ansatz. Fragen etwa, ob und wie Entscheidungsstrukturen der DFG Einfluss auf die Auswahl und die Durchführung bestimmter Projekte hatten, ob es in bestimmten Perioden bestimmte Leitbibliotheken und Leitprojekte gab werden erst gar nicht gestellt. Hinzu kommen unsaubere sachliche und zeitliche Abgrenzungen: Einerseits wird der Fokus eng auf die DFG-Projek te ausgerichtet und in dieser »geschlossenen Welt« beschrieben, da und dort aber wird doch darauf verwiesen, dass etwa die ersten experimentellen Ansätze zur Übernahme der Hollerith-Lochkartentechnik deutlich vor den ersten DFGProjekten lagen (S.40 f.). Wenn es schließlich um die Definition der kritischen »Betrachtungsgrößen« geht, verschwimmen bereits in der Arbeit beschriebene Ansätze, übernommenes Vokabular aus der DFG-För-derung und der Projekte und der Berichte über sie vollkommen ineinander und jede kritische Distanz schwindet. Fragen zum Beispiel, ob und wie Einsatzbedingungen der Datenverarbeitung in den Bibliotheken Projekte prägten und umgekehrt inwieweit die Datenverarbeitung geplant als Ansatz zu Reorganisation der Geschäftsabläufe in Bibliotheken eingesetzt wurde, werden bestenfalls gestreift, aber nicht systematisch zusammengefasst und bewertet. Ist überhaupt die Isolierung des Aspektes Datenverarbeitung legitim - unter Verzicht auf alle anderen »Betrachtungsgrößen«? Wenn zudem der internationale Einfluss weitgehend ausgeblendet wird und generelle oder nationale Debatten im Bibliothekswesen ausgespart bleiben, kann der Erkenntnisgewinn insgesamt nur klein bleiben. Eine Wertung findet nicht statt Die Tendenz, auf wertende Aussagen zu verzichten und nur in Ansätzen den Stoff systematisch zu betrachten, zieht sich durch die ganze Arbeit. Verbunden mit der großen Zahl redundanter Äußerungen, die immer wieder um die »eingehämmerten« Begriffe des Förderprogramms, also Rationalisierung, Modernisierung und Innovation, kreisen, ist die Lektüre insgesamt daher wenig spannend (Beispiele: S.4 ff., 41 ff., 78 ff., gaff, 104 ff., 154 ff., 165 ff., 170 f., 180 ff.) Einzelne kleine Aspekte im Sinne anekdotischer Details aus einzelnen Projektberichten mögen von Interesse sein (Begleitumstände der Entstehung von MAB [S. 51], die Idee, eine eigene höhere Programmiersprache für Bibliotheksanwendungen zu schaffen [S. 136]), es gelingt Schwartz aber nicht, größere Linien herauszuarbeiten. So versucht er zwar, 30 Jahre DFG-Förderung zu systematisieren, greift dazu aber ausschließlich auf die (wenigen) Selbstäußerungen der Geschäftsstelle zurück. Die behauptete Schwerpunktverlagerung von »Übernahme-« zu echten Entwicklungsprojekten ab 1973 (S. 106) oder generell von eher experimentell ausgerichteten Projekten zu Beginn des Förderprogramms zu »grundlegenden und langfristigen Zielrichtungen« (S. 103 ff., 120 ff., 162 ff.) bleibt vage und wird nicht belegt - und ist auch wohl kaum belegbar. Eine Gesamtbetrachtung der Förderaktivitäten der DFG im Bibliotheksbereich kommt kaum in den Blick, dafür wird die Gesamtorganisation der DFG ausführlich beschrieben. Gleiches gilt für das Begutachtungssystem der DFG, das weder zutreffend beschrieben (Zusammenspiel Gutachter - Unterausschüsse - Bibliotheksausschuss - Geschäftsstelle), noch ergebnisbezogen analysiert wird (S.54 ff., 108, 116, 120 ff.). Stattdessen kommen sehr allgemeine Aussagen heraus, die nicht weiterführen: wie »Projekte sollen Forschung unterstützen« (S. 87) oder: »Die DFG fördert mit ihren Programmen das Bibliothekswesen in unterschiedlichen Bereichen« (S. go) - wohlgemerkt als Ergebnisformulierung am Ende eines Abschnitts.
Insgesamt erhält man so mehr eine Materialansammlung zum Thema als eine Aufarbeitung-auch wenn die zum Teil fein gegliederte extreme Kapitelaufteilung etwas anderes suggeriert. Verbunden mit der starken Fußnotenlastigkeit (oft mehr als die Hälfte einer Seite einnehmend mit z.T. kuriosen Auswüchsen, wenn etwa von einer Textstelle auf zwei hintereinander stehende Fußnoten mit inhaltlich nahezu gleichen Aussagen verwiesen wird [S.72, 247/248]) ist die im Übrigen technisch sehr sauber erstellte Arbeit (ein Kolumnenfehler S.64, kaum Tippfehler) aus meiner Sicht keine Leseempfehlung. Wirksamkeit der Projekte? In doppeltem Sinne interessant ist der Hinweis auf weiteren Untersuchungsbedarf (S.222), hier macht Schwartz zwei Vorschläge. Zum einen solle man den Betrachtungsfokus auf das Ausland (und hier insbesondere die USA) und auf einen Systemvergleich (DDR) legen, zum anderen einen Vergleich organisatorischer Strukturen in kommerziellen Unternehmen und Bibliotheken ziehen, der klären solle, ob »Unternehmen - im Gegensatz zu Bibliotheken - aufgrund ihrer inneren Strukturen besser in der Lage sind, innovative Entwicklungen aufzugreifen und erfolgreich in den Routinebetrieb umzusetzen« (S.223). Die so indirekt getroffene Aussage zu Bibliotheken, über eine geringe Innovationsfähigkeit zu verfügen, ist für sich wohl wenig überraschend. Erstaunlich aber ist, dass diese Erkenntnis in der gesamten Arbeit nicht klar ausgesprochen wird - und da her auch in der Analyse der Projekte und der Förderanstrengungen der DFG keine Rolle spielt. Zwar wird an manchen Stellen auf Probleme bei der Nachnutzung von Projektergebnissen und auf Widerstände in Bibliotheken verwiesen (immer in Form von zeitgenössischen Zitaten); diese Äußerungen werden dann aber sofort wieder durch anders lautende Aussagen relativiert (s.a. die Zusammenfassung, S. 194). Hier aber liegen tatsächlich interessante Ansätze: Wie lässt sich die »Wirksamkeit« bestimmter Projekte untersuchen, was zur Wirkungsgeschichte bestimmter technischer Innovationen in Bibliotheken sagen? In diesem Zusammenhang müssten DFG-Positionspapiere und Stellungnahmen des Bibliotheksausschusses viel breiter berücksichtigt werden. Auch eine zahlenbasierte Analyse von 30 Jahren DFG-Förderung lässt möglicherweise interessante Schlüsse zu und spiegelt sich wandelnde Förderschwerpunkte. Wie ist das spezifische Gutachter-System der DFG im Kontext der Bibliotheksförderung zu sehen, inwieweit wirkten Gutachter aus Forschung und Wissenschaft erkennbar inhaltlich ein? Wie hat sich das Bild der Geschäftsstelle in dieser Zeit verändert und inwieweit existiert eine eigene Binnendynamik der Geschäftsstellenaktivitäten? Sind Begutachtungsmaßstäbe und Veränderungen in 30 Jahren erkennbar? Dies wäre schon deshalb interessant, weil die DFG-Projekteja nicht nur einfach Spiegelbild der Geschichte sind, sondern durchaus auch von speziellen Interessen gesteuert sind und eigenen Leitbildern folgen. Der Mut zu selbstverständlich begründeten Bewertungen einerseits und eine vertiefte Analyse einzelner ausgewählter Projekte und ihrer jeweiligen Wirkungsgeschichte andererseits hätten sicherlich einen größeren Erkenntnisgewinn gebracht. Wenn einmal in der Arbeit konkret ein Leitbild inhaltlich benannt wird, nämlich das traditionelle »Leitbild eines einheitlichen und gemeinschaftlichen Bibliothekswesens« (in der Zusammenfassung, S.195), wird erheblich klarer, was denn eigentlich gemeint ist."
- RVK
- AN 73000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Datenverarbeitung / Allgemeines
-
Stünkel, M.: Neuere Methoden der inhaltlichen Erschließung schöner Literatur in öffentlichen Bibliotheken (1986)
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- Area
- Öffentliche Bibliotheken
- Date
- 4. 8.2006 21:35:22
- Imprint
- Hamburg : FH, Fb Bibliothekswesen
-
Trucks, A.: Grenzfälle zwischen schöner Literatur und Sachliteratur als Problem der inhaltlichen Erschließung in Öffentlichen Bibliotheken (1988)
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- Area
- Öffentliche Bibliotheken
- Imprint
- Hamburg : FH, Fb Bibliothekswesen
-
Jezior, T.: Adaption und Integration von Suchmaschinentechnologie in mor(!)dernen OPACs (2013)
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- Abstract
- Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken werden heutzutage durch Universalsuchmaschinen wie Google bedroht. Ein Grund hierfür ist, dass Bibliotheken auf Rechercheinstrumente setzen die, die heutigen Erwartungen ihrer Nutzer nicht mehr erfüllen können. Wollen Bibliotheken auch zukünftig eine tragende Rolle spielen, müssen sie die Techniken in ihrer Produkte integrieren, die Suchmaschinen zu ihrem Erfolg im Web verholfen haben.
- Footnote
- Diplomarbeit im Studiengang Bibliothekswesen
- Imprint
- Köln : FH Köln / Institut für Informationswissenschaft
-
Ahlswede, K.: Überlegungen zur Erschließung von Illustrationen in Büchern : Ein Vergleich von ausgewählten Regelwerken des Bibliothekswesens und der kunsthistorischen Objektdokumentation (1997)
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- Abstract
- Formen und Funktionen der Buchillustration sowie die Bedeutung von Bildern in Büchern für Bibliotheken werden am Beispiel des VD17 erläutert, die RAK hinsichtlich der Buchillustration untersucht. Das wissenschaftliche Inventarisieren von Bildern in Museen wird anhand von MIDAS dargestellt und das Regelwerk hinsichtlich der Erschließung von Buchillustrationen untersucht. Es werden Vorschläge entwickelt für die Verbesserung des Nachweises von Bildern in Büchern
- Imprint
- Hamburg : FH, Fb Bibliothekswesen
- Theme
- Altes Buch
-
Reinecke, B.: Zitaten- und Sprichwörterlexika als Informationsmittel in Öffentlichen Bibliotheken : Typologie und vergleichende Untersuchung ausgewählter Nachschlagewerke (1994)
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- Footnote
- [Diplomarbeit zur Prüfung für den Studiengang Öffentliches Bibliothekswesen]
-
Gnam, M.: ¬Das Fachgebiet Kunst in der Systematik : vergleichende Betrachtung von Systematiken hinsichtlich Struktur und Verwendbarkeit in Bibliotheken (1992)
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- Imprint
- Stutttgart : Fachhochschule für Bibliothekswesen
-
Decker, B.: Data Mining in Öffentlichen Bibliotheken (2000)
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- Footnote
- [Diplomarbeit zur Prüfung für den Studiengang öffentliches Bibliothekswesen]
- Imprint
- Köln : Fachhochschule, Fachbereich Bibliotheks- und Informationswesen
-
Weber, M.: Virtuelle Fachbibliotheken : Genereller Entwicklungsstand und Entwurf einer Virtuellen Fachbibliothek Bibliothekswesen (2003)
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- Field
- Bibliothekswesen
- Imprint
- Köln : FH / Fakultät für Informations- und Kommunikationswissenschaften, Institut für Informationswissenschaft
