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Abstract

Die philosophische Antwort auf die Herausforderung der Künstlichen Intelligenz. Um herauszufinden, wie es um die Zukunft im Zeitalter der Künstlichen Intelligenz steht, begibt sich Gaspard Koenig auf eine Weltreise. In mehr als 120 Gesprächen mit Wissenschaftlern, Politikern, Unternehmern, Investoren, Aktivisten und einem Zauberer lotet er die künstliche und die menschliche Intelligenz aus. Er erforscht, was den freien Willen und die Werte der Aufklärung bedroht, und skizziert eine Politik, die dem Ende des Individuums begegnen kann. Wer nutzt heute noch einen Stadtplan, anstatt Google Maps? Dabei denken wir nicht daran, dass die KI hinter der App uns zum Wohle aller nicht immer auf den schnellsten Weg führt. KI kann süchtig machen und uns manipulieren. Ausgehend von unseren Daten analysiert sie unser Verhalten, personalisiert Empfehlungen, lenkt unsere Aufmerksamkeit. Klingt gruselig, ist aber längst Teil unseres Alltags.

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Issue

Übersetzt von Adele Enders und Doris Packulat.

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Footnote

HST und ZST werden in verschiedenen Katalogen auch in vertauschter Reihenfolge angegeben (vgl. die Gestaltung des Covers und Titelblatts). Titel des Original: What computer can't do: the limits of artificial intelligence.

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Abstract

Die künstliche Intelligenz hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten gewaltige Fortschritte gemacht. Setzt sich dieser Fortschritt in den nächsten Jahren mit der gleichen Geschwindigkeit fort, so werden unsere Personal Computer bis etwa zum Jahr 2015 die gleiche Leistungsfähigkeit wie das menschliche Gehirn erreicht haben. Die entscheidende Frage ist, ob diese Maschinen dann auch all die geistigen Fähigkeiten erwerben können, die als zutiefst menschlich empfunden werden. Im Zentrum steht dabei vor allem die Frage nach dem Bewusstsein. Gelingt es tatsächlich, Computer mit allen geistigen Fähigkeiten des Menschen auszustatten, so reicht unsere Fantasie kaum aus, die dadurch bedingten langfristigen Folgen für unsere Zivilisation vorauszusagen. Da die künstliche Intelligenz nicht den Einschränkungen des biologischen Lebens unterliegt, ist eine Entwicklung weit über die Fähigkeiten menschlicher Intelligenz hinaus denkbar. Dies schließt sogar eine potenzielle Unsterblichkeit ein - und somit den Abschied von der Wunschvorstellung, daß der Mensch die Krone der Schöpfung sei.

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Abstract

Practical Ontologies for Information Professionals provides an accessible introduction and exploration of ontologies and demonstrates their value to information professionals. More data and information is being created than ever before. Ontologies, formal representations of knowledge with rich semantic relationships, have become increasingly important in the context of today's information overload and data deluge. The publishing and sharing of explicit explanations for a wide variety of conceptualizations, in a machine readable format, has the power to both improve information retrieval and discover new knowledge. Information professionals are key contributors to the development of new, and increasingly useful, ontologies. Practical Ontologies for Information Professionals provides an accessible introduction to the following: defining the concept of ontologies and why they are increasingly important to information professionals ontologies and the semantic web existing ontologies, such as RDF, RDFS, SKOS, and OWL2 adopting and building ontologies, showing how to avoid repetition of work and how to build a simple ontology interrogating ontologies for reuse the future of ontologies and the role of the information professional in their development and use. This book will be useful reading for information professionals in libraries and other cultural heritage institutions who work with digitalization projects, cataloguing and classification and information retrieval. It will also be useful to LIS students who are new to the field.

Content

C H A P T E R 1 What is an ontology?; Introduction; The data deluge and information overload; Defining terms; Knowledge organization systems and ontologies; Ontologies, metadata and linked data; What can an ontology do?; Ontologies and information professionals; Alternatives to ontologies; The aims of this book; The structure of this book; C H A P T E R 2 Ontologies and the semantic web; Introduction; The semantic web and linked data; Resource Description Framework (RDF); Classes, subclasses and properties; The semantic web stack; Embedded RDF; Alternative semantic visionsLibraries and the semantic web; Other cultural heritage institutions and the semantic web; Other organizations and the semantic web; Conclusion; C H A P T E R 3 Existing ontologies; Introduction; Ontology documentation; Ontologies for representing ontologies; Ontologies for libraries; Upper ontologies; Cultural heritage data models; Ontologies for the web; Conclusion; C H A P T E R 4 Adopting ontologies; Introduction; Reusing ontologies: application profiles and data models; Identifying ontologies; The ideal ontology discovery tool; Selection criteria; Conclusion C H A P T E R 5 Building ontologiesIntroduction; Approaches to building an ontology; The twelve steps; Ontology development example: Bibliometric Metrics Ontology element set; Conclusion; C H A P T E R 6 Interrogating ontologies; Introduction; Interrogating ontologies for reuse; Interrogating a knowledge base; Understanding ontology use; Conclusion; C H A P T E R 7 The future of ontologies and the information professional; Introduction; The future of ontologies for knowledge discovery; The future role of library and information professionals; The practical development of ontologies

LCSH

Ontologies (Information retrieval)

Subject

Ontologies (Information retrieval)

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Abstract

Ontologies have been developed and investigated for quite a while now in artificial intelligente and natural language processing to facilitate knowledge sharing and reuse. More recently, the notion of ontologies has attracied attention from fields such as intelligent information integration, cooperative information systems, information retrieval, electronic commerce, and knowledge management. The author systematicaliy introduces the notion of ontologies to the non-expert reader and demonstrates in detail how to apply this conceptual framework for improved intranet retrieval of corporate information and knowledge and for enhanced Internet-based electronic commerce. In the second part of the book, the author presents a more technical view an emerging Web standards, like XML, RDF, XSL-T, or XQL, allowing for structural and semantic modeling and description of data and information.

Theme

Information Resources Management

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Abstract

Metadata research has emerged as a discipline cross-cutting many domains, focused on the provision of distributed descriptions (often called annotations) to Web resources or applications. Such associated descriptions are supposed to serve as a foundation for advanced services in many application areas, including search and location, personalization, federation of repositories and automated delivery of information. Indeed, the Semantic Web is in itself a concrete technological framework for ontology-based metadata. For example, Web-based social networking requires metadata describing people and their interrelations, and large databases with biological information use complex and detailed metadata schemas for more precise and informed search strategies. There is a wide diversity in the languages and idioms used for providing meta-descriptions, from simple structured text in metadata schemas to formal annotations using ontologies, and the technologies for storing, sharing and exploiting meta-descriptions are also diverse and evolve rapidly. In addition, there is a proliferation of schemas and standards related to metadata, resulting in a complex and moving technological landscape - hence, the need for specialized knowledge and skills in this area. The Handbook of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies is intended as an authoritative reference for students, practitioners and researchers, serving as a roadmap for the variety of metadata schemas and ontologies available in a number of key domain areas, including culture, biology, education, healthcare, engineering and library science.

LCSH

Semantic networks (Information theory)

Subject

Semantic networks (Information theory)