Search (126 results, page 1 of 7)

  • × theme_ss:"Informetrie"
  • × year_i:[1990 TO 2000}
  1. Egghe, L.; Rousseau, R.: Introduction to informetrics : quantitative methods in library, documentation and information science (1990) 0.32
    0.3240703 = product of:
      0.6076318 = sum of:
        0.10317227 = weight(_text_:allgemeines in 1515) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.10317227 = score(doc=1515,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.16533206 = queryWeight, product of:
              5.705423 = idf(docFreq=399, maxDocs=44218)
              0.028978055 = queryNorm
            0.62403065 = fieldWeight in 1515, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              5.705423 = idf(docFreq=399, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1515)
        0.068513416 = weight(_text_:buch in 1515) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.068513416 = score(doc=1515,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.13472971 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.64937 = idf(docFreq=1149, maxDocs=44218)
              0.028978055 = queryNorm
            0.5085249 = fieldWeight in 1515, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              4.64937 = idf(docFreq=1149, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1515)
        0.015569357 = weight(_text_:und in 1515) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.015569357 = score(doc=1515,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.06422601 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
              0.028978055 = queryNorm
            0.24241515 = fieldWeight in 1515, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1515)
        0.044533674 = product of:
          0.08906735 = sum of:
            0.08906735 = weight(_text_:bibliothekswesen in 1515) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.08906735 = score(doc=1515,freq=8.0), product of:
                0.12917466 = queryWeight, product of:
                  4.457672 = idf(docFreq=1392, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.028978055 = queryNorm
                0.68951094 = fieldWeight in 1515, product of:
                  2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                    8.0 = termFreq=8.0
                  4.457672 = idf(docFreq=1392, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1515)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
        0.06431614 = weight(_text_:informationswissenschaft in 1515) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.06431614 = score(doc=1515,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.13053758 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.504705 = idf(docFreq=1328, maxDocs=44218)
              0.028978055 = queryNorm
            0.4927021 = fieldWeight in 1515, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              4.504705 = idf(docFreq=1328, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1515)
        0.08906735 = weight(_text_:bibliothekswesen in 1515) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.08906735 = score(doc=1515,freq=8.0), product of:
            0.12917466 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.457672 = idf(docFreq=1392, maxDocs=44218)
              0.028978055 = queryNorm
            0.68951094 = fieldWeight in 1515, product of:
              2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                8.0 = termFreq=8.0
              4.457672 = idf(docFreq=1392, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1515)
        0.2147378 = weight(_text_:bibliotheksbenutzung in 1515) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.2147378 = score(doc=1515,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.23852277 = queryWeight, product of:
              8.231152 = idf(docFreq=31, maxDocs=44218)
              0.028978055 = queryNorm
            0.9002822 = fieldWeight in 1515, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              8.231152 = idf(docFreq=31, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1515)
        0.0077217915 = product of:
          0.015443583 = sum of:
            0.015443583 = weight(_text_:information in 1515) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.015443583 = score(doc=1515,freq=10.0), product of:
                0.050870337 = queryWeight, product of:
                  1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.028978055 = queryNorm
                0.3035872 = fieldWeight in 1515, product of:
                  3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                    10.0 = termFreq=10.0
                  1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1515)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.53333336 = coord(8/15)
    
    BK
    06.60 / Bibliotheksbenutzung
    Classification
    AN 70400 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Bibliotheksverwaltung / Bibliotheksanalyse, -statistik
    06.60 / Bibliotheksbenutzung
    COMPASS
    Information science / Statistical mathematics
    LCSH
    Information science / Statistical methods
    RVK
    AN 70400 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Bibliotheksverwaltung / Bibliotheksanalyse, -statistik
    Subject
    Information science / Statistical mathematics
    Information science / Statistical methods
  2. Cano, V.: Bibliometric overview of library and information science research in Spain (1999) 0.05
    0.045051496 = product of:
      0.1689431 = sum of:
        0.031809766 = product of:
          0.06361953 = sum of:
            0.06361953 = weight(_text_:bibliothekswesen in 3770) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.06361953 = score(doc=3770,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.12917466 = queryWeight, product of:
                  4.457672 = idf(docFreq=1392, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.028978055 = queryNorm
                0.49250782 = fieldWeight in 3770, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  4.457672 = idf(docFreq=1392, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3770)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
        0.064969115 = weight(_text_:informationswissenschaft in 3770) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.064969115 = score(doc=3770,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13053758 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.504705 = idf(docFreq=1328, maxDocs=44218)
              0.028978055 = queryNorm
            0.49770427 = fieldWeight in 3770, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.504705 = idf(docFreq=1328, maxDocs=44218)
              0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3770)
        0.06361953 = weight(_text_:bibliothekswesen in 3770) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.06361953 = score(doc=3770,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.12917466 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.457672 = idf(docFreq=1392, maxDocs=44218)
              0.028978055 = queryNorm
            0.49250782 = fieldWeight in 3770, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.457672 = idf(docFreq=1392, maxDocs=44218)
              0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3770)
        0.008544678 = product of:
          0.017089356 = sum of:
            0.017089356 = weight(_text_:information in 3770) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.017089356 = score(doc=3770,freq=6.0), product of:
                0.050870337 = queryWeight, product of:
                  1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.028978055 = queryNorm
                0.3359395 = fieldWeight in 3770, product of:
                  2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                    6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                  1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3770)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.26666668 = coord(4/15)
    
    Abstract
    This paper reviews 17 years of research in Library and Information Science in Spain. The total production of 2 major Spanish periodical publications were analyzed from 1977-1994 according to productivity variables and thematic content
    Field
    Bibliothekswesen
    Informationswissenschaft
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 50(1999) no.8, S.675-680
  3. Mahapatra, G.: Indian library and information science journals : a bibliometric analysis of the rate of citations and their characteristics (1993) 0.03
    0.031536046 = product of:
      0.11826017 = sum of:
        0.022266837 = product of:
          0.044533674 = sum of:
            0.044533674 = weight(_text_:bibliothekswesen in 112) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.044533674 = score(doc=112,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.12917466 = queryWeight, product of:
                  4.457672 = idf(docFreq=1392, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.028978055 = queryNorm
                0.34475547 = fieldWeight in 112, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  4.457672 = idf(docFreq=1392, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=112)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
        0.04547838 = weight(_text_:informationswissenschaft in 112) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.04547838 = score(doc=112,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13053758 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.504705 = idf(docFreq=1328, maxDocs=44218)
              0.028978055 = queryNorm
            0.348393 = fieldWeight in 112, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.504705 = idf(docFreq=1328, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=112)
        0.044533674 = weight(_text_:bibliothekswesen in 112) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.044533674 = score(doc=112,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.12917466 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.457672 = idf(docFreq=1392, maxDocs=44218)
              0.028978055 = queryNorm
            0.34475547 = fieldWeight in 112, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.457672 = idf(docFreq=1392, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=112)
        0.005981274 = product of:
          0.011962548 = sum of:
            0.011962548 = weight(_text_:information in 112) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.011962548 = score(doc=112,freq=6.0), product of:
                0.050870337 = queryWeight, product of:
                  1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.028978055 = queryNorm
                0.23515764 = fieldWeight in 112, product of:
                  2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                    6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                  1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=112)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.26666668 = coord(4/15)
    
    Abstract
    A bibliometric analysis of 1,456 articles appearing in Indian Library and Information Science journals between 1975 and 1985 revealed that the average rate of citations per article in the field was quite low. Books and journals were identified as the major categories of documents referred to in these articles and both were positively related. It is concluded that the increase in journal citations and rate of citations between 1975 and 1985 indicates that Indian Library and Information Science journals are now publishing a higher number of research-oriented articles in comparison with earlier years.
    Field
    Bibliothekswesen
    Informationswissenschaft
  4. Zhang, Y.: ¬The impact of Internet-based electronic resources on formal scholarly communication in the area of library and information science : a citation analysis (1998) 0.03
    0.031068213 = product of:
      0.116505794 = sum of:
        0.015904883 = product of:
          0.031809766 = sum of:
            0.031809766 = weight(_text_:bibliothekswesen in 2808) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.031809766 = score(doc=2808,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.12917466 = queryWeight, product of:
                  4.457672 = idf(docFreq=1392, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.028978055 = queryNorm
                0.24625391 = fieldWeight in 2808, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  4.457672 = idf(docFreq=1392, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2808)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
        0.032484557 = weight(_text_:informationswissenschaft in 2808) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.032484557 = score(doc=2808,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13053758 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.504705 = idf(docFreq=1328, maxDocs=44218)
              0.028978055 = queryNorm
            0.24885213 = fieldWeight in 2808, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.504705 = idf(docFreq=1328, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2808)
        0.031809766 = weight(_text_:bibliothekswesen in 2808) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.031809766 = score(doc=2808,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.12917466 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.457672 = idf(docFreq=1392, maxDocs=44218)
              0.028978055 = queryNorm
            0.24625391 = fieldWeight in 2808, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.457672 = idf(docFreq=1392, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2808)
        0.036306582 = sum of:
          0.008544678 = weight(_text_:information in 2808) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.008544678 = score(doc=2808,freq=6.0), product of:
              0.050870337 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                0.028978055 = queryNorm
              0.16796975 = fieldWeight in 2808, product of:
                2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                  6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2808)
          0.027761906 = weight(_text_:22 in 2808) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.027761906 = score(doc=2808,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.101476215 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                0.028978055 = queryNorm
              0.27358043 = fieldWeight in 2808, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2808)
      0.26666668 = coord(4/15)
    
    Abstract
    Internet based electronic resources are growing dramatically but there have been no empirical studies evaluating the impact of e-sources, as a whole, on formal scholarly communication. reports results of an investigation into how much e-sources have been used in formal scholarly communication, using a case study in the area of Library and Information Science (LIS) during the period 1994 to 1996. 4 citation based indicators were used in the study of the impact measurement. Concludes that, compared with the impact of print sources, the impact of e-sources on formal scholarly communication in LIS is small, as measured by e-sources cited, and does not increase significantly by year even though there is observable growth of these impact across the years. It is found that periodical format is related to the rate of citing e-sources, articles are more likely to cite e-sources than are print priodical articles. However, once authors cite electronic resource, there is no significant difference in the number of references per article by periodical format or by year. Suggests that, at this stage, citing e-sources may depend on authors rather than the periodical format in which authors choose to publish
    Date
    30. 1.1999 17:22:22
    Field
    Bibliothekswesen
    Informationswissenschaft
    Source
    Journal of information science. 24(1998) no.4, S.241-254
  5. Nkereuwem, E.E.: Accrediting knowledge : the ranking of library and information science journals (1997) 0.03
    0.027242394 = product of:
      0.10215897 = sum of:
        0.01908586 = product of:
          0.03817172 = sum of:
            0.03817172 = weight(_text_:bibliothekswesen in 786) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.03817172 = score(doc=786,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.12917466 = queryWeight, product of:
                  4.457672 = idf(docFreq=1392, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.028978055 = queryNorm
                0.2955047 = fieldWeight in 786, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  4.457672 = idf(docFreq=1392, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=786)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
        0.038981467 = weight(_text_:informationswissenschaft in 786) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.038981467 = score(doc=786,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13053758 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.504705 = idf(docFreq=1328, maxDocs=44218)
              0.028978055 = queryNorm
            0.29862255 = fieldWeight in 786, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.504705 = idf(docFreq=1328, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=786)
        0.03817172 = weight(_text_:bibliothekswesen in 786) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.03817172 = score(doc=786,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.12917466 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.457672 = idf(docFreq=1392, maxDocs=44218)
              0.028978055 = queryNorm
            0.2955047 = fieldWeight in 786, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.457672 = idf(docFreq=1392, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=786)
        0.005919926 = product of:
          0.011839852 = sum of:
            0.011839852 = weight(_text_:information in 786) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.011839852 = score(doc=786,freq=8.0), product of:
                0.050870337 = queryWeight, product of:
                  1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.028978055 = queryNorm
                0.23274569 = fieldWeight in 786, product of:
                  2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                    8.0 = termFreq=8.0
                  1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=786)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.26666668 = coord(4/15)
    
    Abstract
    Describes how a representative sample of librarians was surveyed to carry out a comparative evaluation of selected journals in library and information science. Respondents were asked to rate each journal on a scale from poor to outstanding (0-10), in terms of their visibility and the quality of articles they publish. Such evaluation should assist librarians in journal selection and in determining the quality of journals to which they send their research papers for publication. Reports the findings of the survey which discovered that some journals such as Library Waves, Assistant Librarian and Library Journal get low ratings because of low visibility and irregular publication. Others such as African Journal of Library Archives and Information Science and Journal of Information Science are rated highly because of familiarity and accessibility. Argues that the results of the study should help librarians determine the quality of journals and will subsequently enhance their utilization and subscription.
    Field
    Bibliothekswesen
    Informationswissenschaft
  6. Schoepflin, U.; Glänzel, W.: Mehrwert von bibliographischen Datenbanken (1994) 0.02
    0.015490157 = product of:
      0.116176166 = sum of:
        0.11025624 = weight(_text_:informationswissenschaft in 6112) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.11025624 = score(doc=6112,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.13053758 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.504705 = idf(docFreq=1328, maxDocs=44218)
              0.028978055 = queryNorm
            0.84463215 = fieldWeight in 6112, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              4.504705 = idf(docFreq=1328, maxDocs=44218)
              0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6112)
        0.005919926 = product of:
          0.011839852 = sum of:
            0.011839852 = weight(_text_:information in 6112) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.011839852 = score(doc=6112,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.050870337 = queryWeight, product of:
                  1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.028978055 = queryNorm
                0.23274569 = fieldWeight in 6112, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6112)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.13333334 = coord(2/15)
    
    Series
    Schriften zur Informationswissenschaft; Bd.16
    Source
    Mehrwert von Information - Professionalisierung der Informationsarbeit: Proceedings des 4. Internationalen Symposiums für Informationswissenschaft (ISI'94), Graz, 2.-4. November 1994. Hrsg.: W. Rauch u.a
  7. Schramm, R.: Kerninformationen mittels formaler Bewertungskritierien (1996) 0.01
    0.01270623 = product of:
      0.095296726 = sum of:
        0.02179256 = weight(_text_:und in 6258) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.02179256 = score(doc=6258,freq=6.0), product of:
            0.06422601 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
              0.028978055 = queryNorm
            0.33931053 = fieldWeight in 6258, product of:
              2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                6.0 = termFreq=6.0
              2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6258)
        0.073504165 = weight(_text_:informationswissenschaft in 6258) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.073504165 = score(doc=6258,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.13053758 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.504705 = idf(docFreq=1328, maxDocs=44218)
              0.028978055 = queryNorm
            0.5630881 = fieldWeight in 6258, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              4.504705 = idf(docFreq=1328, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6258)
      0.13333334 = coord(2/15)
    
    Abstract
    Die Ermittlung von Kerninformationen mittels informetrischer Methoden erfordert die Nutzung formaler Bewertungskriterien wie Publikationshäufigkeit, Zitierhäufigkeit und Patentfamiliengröße. Es werden die Zeitabhängigkeit, die Austauschbarkeit und die Voraussetzungen für die Anwendung der formalen Bewertungskriterien erläutert.
    Series
    Schriften zur Informationswissenschaft; Bd.27
    Source
    Herausforderungen an die Informationswirtschaft: Informationsverdichtung, Informationsbewertung und Datenvisualisierung. Proceedings des 5. Internationalen Symposiums für Informationswissenschaft (ISI'96), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 17.-19. Oktober 1996. Hrsg.: J. Krause u.a
  8. Glänzel, W.: Visual bibliometrics : eine visuelle Oberfläche zur Erweiterung der Nutzungsmöglichkeiten bibliographischer Datenbanken (1996) 0.01
    0.011117952 = product of:
      0.08338463 = sum of:
        0.01906849 = weight(_text_:und in 6110) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.01906849 = score(doc=6110,freq=6.0), product of:
            0.06422601 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
              0.028978055 = queryNorm
            0.2968967 = fieldWeight in 6110, product of:
              2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                6.0 = termFreq=6.0
              2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6110)
        0.06431614 = weight(_text_:informationswissenschaft in 6110) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.06431614 = score(doc=6110,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.13053758 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.504705 = idf(docFreq=1328, maxDocs=44218)
              0.028978055 = queryNorm
            0.4927021 = fieldWeight in 6110, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              4.504705 = idf(docFreq=1328, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6110)
      0.13333334 = coord(2/15)
    
    Abstract
    In einer früheren Studie wurde bereits der 'informationelle Mehrwert' von bibliographischen Datenbanken durch bibliometrische Nutzung untersucht. Im folgenden soll nun eine visuelle Oberfläche vorgestellt werden, die mit Hilfe einer bibliometrischen 'Sekundärdatenbank' einerseits die Nutzungsmöglichkeiten der zugrundeliegenden bibliographischen Datenbanken vor allem in den Bereichen Wissenschaftsinformation, Forschungsevaluation und Wissenschaftspolitik erweitern soll, andererseits aber auch eine Rückkopplung zu den Aufgaben des traditionellen Retrievals erlaubt. Die visuelle Oberfläche 'Visual Bibliometrics' ist eine Erweiterung des CD-Edition des 'Science Citation Index' und des 'Social Science Citation Index'
    Series
    Schriften zur Informationswissenschaft; Bd.27
    Source
    Herausforderungen an die Informationswirtschaft: Informationsverdichtung, Informationsbewertung und Datenvisualisierung. Proceedings des 5. Internationalen Symposiums für Informationswissenschaft (ISI'96), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 17.-19. Oktober 1996. Hrsg.: J. Krause u.a
  9. White, H.D.; McCain, K.W.: Visualizing a discipline : an author co-citation analysis of information science, 1972-1995 (1998) 0.01
    0.007841472 = product of:
      0.05881103 = sum of:
        0.05197529 = weight(_text_:informationswissenschaft in 5020) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.05197529 = score(doc=5020,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13053758 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.504705 = idf(docFreq=1328, maxDocs=44218)
              0.028978055 = queryNorm
            0.3981634 = fieldWeight in 5020, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.504705 = idf(docFreq=1328, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5020)
        0.006835742 = product of:
          0.013671484 = sum of:
            0.013671484 = weight(_text_:information in 5020) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.013671484 = score(doc=5020,freq=6.0), product of:
                0.050870337 = queryWeight, product of:
                  1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.028978055 = queryNorm
                0.2687516 = fieldWeight in 5020, product of:
                  2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                    6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                  1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5020)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.13333334 = coord(2/15)
    
    Abstract
    Presents an extensive domain analysis of information science in terms of its authors. Names of those most frequently cited in 12 key journals from 1972 through 1995 were retrieved from Social SciSearch via Dialog. The top 120 were submitted to author co-citation analyzes, yielding automatic classifications relevant to histories of the field
    Field
    Informationswissenschaft
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 49(1998) no.4, S.327-355
  10. Herfurth, M.: Voraussetzungen und Entwicklungsperspektiven scientometrischer Analysen auf der Grundlage von Datenbanken (1994) 0.01
    0.0050727064 = product of:
      0.038045295 = sum of:
        0.031138714 = weight(_text_:und in 8824) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.031138714 = score(doc=8824,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.06422601 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
              0.028978055 = queryNorm
            0.4848303 = fieldWeight in 8824, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
              0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=8824)
        0.00690658 = product of:
          0.01381316 = sum of:
            0.01381316 = weight(_text_:information in 8824) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.01381316 = score(doc=8824,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.050870337 = queryWeight, product of:
                  1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.028978055 = queryNorm
                0.27153665 = fieldWeight in 8824, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=8824)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.13333334 = coord(2/15)
    
    Source
    Qualität und Information: Deutscher Dokumentartag 1993; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 28.-30.9.1993. Hrsg.: W. Neubauer
  11. Diodato, V.: Dictionary of bibliometrics (1994) 0.00
    0.0045852624 = product of:
      0.06877893 = sum of:
        0.06877893 = sum of:
          0.01381316 = weight(_text_:information in 5666) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.01381316 = score(doc=5666,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.050870337 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                0.028978055 = queryNorm
              0.27153665 = fieldWeight in 5666, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5666)
          0.05496577 = weight(_text_:22 in 5666) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05496577 = score(doc=5666,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.101476215 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                0.028978055 = queryNorm
              0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 5666, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5666)
      0.06666667 = coord(1/15)
    
    Footnote
    Rez. in: Journal of library and information science 22(1996) no.2, S.116-117 (L.C. Smith)
  12. Bookstein, A.: Informetric distributions : I. Unified overview (1990) 0.00
    0.0045852624 = product of:
      0.06877893 = sum of:
        0.06877893 = sum of:
          0.01381316 = weight(_text_:information in 6902) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.01381316 = score(doc=6902,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.050870337 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                0.028978055 = queryNorm
              0.27153665 = fieldWeight in 6902, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6902)
          0.05496577 = weight(_text_:22 in 6902) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05496577 = score(doc=6902,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.101476215 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                0.028978055 = queryNorm
              0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 6902, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6902)
      0.06666667 = coord(1/15)
    
    Date
    22. 7.2006 18:55:29
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 41(1990) no.5, S.368-375
  13. Bookstein, A.: Informetric distributions : II. Resilience to ambiguity (1990) 0.00
    0.0045852624 = product of:
      0.06877893 = sum of:
        0.06877893 = sum of:
          0.01381316 = weight(_text_:information in 4689) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.01381316 = score(doc=4689,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.050870337 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                0.028978055 = queryNorm
              0.27153665 = fieldWeight in 4689, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4689)
          0.05496577 = weight(_text_:22 in 4689) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05496577 = score(doc=4689,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.101476215 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                0.028978055 = queryNorm
              0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 4689, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4689)
      0.06666667 = coord(1/15)
    
    Date
    22. 7.2006 18:55:55
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 41(1990) no.5, S.376-386
  14. Stock, W.: Informetrische Vermessung der Forschung und Entwicklung eines Landes : beispielhafte Resultate und Probleme (1992) 0.00
    0.004289863 = product of:
      0.032173973 = sum of:
        0.027240701 = weight(_text_:und in 342) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.027240701 = score(doc=342,freq=6.0), product of:
            0.06422601 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
              0.028978055 = queryNorm
            0.42413816 = fieldWeight in 342, product of:
              2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                6.0 = termFreq=6.0
              2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
              0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=342)
        0.0049332716 = product of:
          0.009866543 = sum of:
            0.009866543 = weight(_text_:information in 342) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.009866543 = score(doc=342,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.050870337 = queryWeight, product of:
                  1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.028978055 = queryNorm
                0.19395474 = fieldWeight in 342, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=342)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.13333334 = coord(2/15)
    
    Source
    Information und Dokumentation in den 90er Jahren: neue Herausforderung, neue Technologien. Deutscher Dokumentartag 1991, Universität Ulm, 30.9.-2.10.1991. Hrsg.: W. Neubauer u. K.-H. Meier
  15. Informations- und Wissensverarbeitung in den Sozialwissenschaften : Beiträge zur Umsetzung neuer Informationstechnologien (1994) 0.00
    0.0036105986 = product of:
      0.02707949 = sum of:
        0.023591138 = weight(_text_:und in 5067) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.023591138 = score(doc=5067,freq=18.0), product of:
            0.06422601 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
              0.028978055 = queryNorm
            0.3673144 = fieldWeight in 5067, product of:
              4.2426405 = tf(freq=18.0), with freq of:
                18.0 = termFreq=18.0
              2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5067)
        0.0034883497 = product of:
          0.0069766995 = sum of:
            0.0069766995 = weight(_text_:information in 5067) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.0069766995 = score(doc=5067,freq=4.0), product of:
                0.050870337 = queryWeight, product of:
                  1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.028978055 = queryNorm
                0.13714671 = fieldWeight in 5067, product of:
                  2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                    4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                  1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5067)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.13333334 = coord(2/15)
    
    Abstract
    Die Beiträge behandeln aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln einen durch die Begriffe Sozialwissenschaft-Informatik-Information abgegrenzten, interdisziplinären Themenkomplex. Gerade in den Sozialwissenschaften haben die qualitative Textinterpretation und die Suche nach typischen, einzelnen Fällen ihren festen Stellenwert, und automatische Informationssuche und Informationsaufbereitung sind zu unverzichtbaren Forschungsinstrumenten geworden. Dieser Band enthält eine Vielzahl von Fachbeiträgen, die im Rahmen entsprechender Spezialveranstaltungen entstanden sind oder eigens für diesen Band geschrieben wurden. Sowohl als Einführungen wie auch im Rahmen spezieller Fragestellungen werden Ansätze aus den Gebieten Künstliche Intelligenz, Bilderkennung, Kommunikationsnetze, Hypertext, Szientometrie, Bibliometrie u.a., jeweils mit Bezug auf sozialwissenschaftliche Anwendung, vorgestellt
    Content
    Enthält u.a. die Beiträge: INGWERSEN, P.: Information science as a cognitive science; MEDER, N.: Objekt-orientierte Wissensdarstellung und -navigation; SPIESS, M.: Repräsentation unsicheren Wissens; HENRICHS, N.: Begriffswandel in Datenbanken: kontextuelle Inhaltsanalyse für Disambiguierung und ideengeschichtliche Analyse; VOGT, C. u. R. WILLE: Formale Begriffsanalyse: Darstellung und Analyse von bibliographischen Daten; RITTBERGER, M.: Online-Retrieval und Hypertext: auf dem Weg zu verknüpften Datenbanken und offenen Hypertextsystemen; SCHOPEN, M.: GRIPS-Menu: Unterstützung von Endnutzerrecherchen in Literaturdatenbanken des DIMDI; KLOSE, G. u. T. PIRLEIN: Wissensmodellierung in LILOG; DANIEL, H.-D.: Peer-review als Qualitätsfilter im wissenschaftlichen Publikationswesen
  16. Li, T.-C.: Reference sources in periodicals : research note (1995) 0.00
    0.0030053668 = product of:
      0.045080498 = sum of:
        0.045080498 = sum of:
          0.013671484 = weight(_text_:information in 5092) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.013671484 = score(doc=5092,freq=6.0), product of:
              0.050870337 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                0.028978055 = queryNorm
              0.2687516 = fieldWeight in 5092, product of:
                2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                  6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5092)
          0.031409014 = weight(_text_:22 in 5092) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.031409014 = score(doc=5092,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.101476215 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                0.028978055 = queryNorm
              0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 5092, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5092)
      0.06666667 = coord(1/15)
    
    Abstract
    Presents a list of 53 periodicals in 22 subject fields which regularly provide bibliographies of theses, research in progress and patents in their particular subject field. The fields of business, economics, history and literature have most periodical listings of dissertations and theses. Also lists 63 periodicals in 25 sub-disciplines which provide rankings or ratings. Rankings and ratings information predominates in the fields of business, sports and games, finance and banking, and library and information science
    Source
    Journal of information; communication; and library science. 2(1995) no.2, S.20-28
  17. Pichappan, P.; Sangaranachiyar, S.: Ageing approach to scientific eponyms (1996) 0.00
    0.0030053668 = product of:
      0.045080498 = sum of:
        0.045080498 = sum of:
          0.013671484 = weight(_text_:information in 80) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.013671484 = score(doc=80,freq=6.0), product of:
              0.050870337 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                0.028978055 = queryNorm
              0.2687516 = fieldWeight in 80, product of:
                2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                  6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=80)
          0.031409014 = weight(_text_:22 in 80) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.031409014 = score(doc=80,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.101476215 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                0.028978055 = queryNorm
              0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 80, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=80)
      0.06666667 = coord(1/15)
    
    Abstract
    There is a decrease in the incidence of explicit references to a paper over time, hence the assumption that information ages. In a study which attempts to discover whether information really ages it is necessary to include eponyms, anonyms and footnote references. Reports a pilot study which demonstrates that there is an increase over time in the frequency of use of eponyms
    Footnote
    Report presented at the 16th National Indian Association of Special Libraries and Information Centres Seminar Special Interest Group Meeting on Informatrics in Bombay, 19-22 Dec 94
  18. Mommoh, O.M.: Subject analysis of post-graduate theses in library, archival and information science at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria (1995/96) 0.00
    0.0028381154 = product of:
      0.04257173 = sum of:
        0.04257173 = sum of:
          0.011162719 = weight(_text_:information in 673) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.011162719 = score(doc=673,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.050870337 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                0.028978055 = queryNorm
              0.21943474 = fieldWeight in 673, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=673)
          0.031409014 = weight(_text_:22 in 673) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.031409014 = score(doc=673,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.101476215 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                0.028978055 = queryNorm
              0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 673, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=673)
      0.06666667 = coord(1/15)
    
    Abstract
    Reports results of a bibliometric study of 111 theses accepted by the Department of Library and Information Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, between 1977 and 1992. The analysis was based on year, type and degree awarded, subject, type of library and geographical area. Concludes that the highest number of submissions was 1991, when 108 MLS theses (97,29%) and 3 PhD theses (2,71%) were accepted. Libraries and readers was the most concetrated subject while the academic library was the most discussed type of library
    Source
    Library focus. 13/14(1995/96), S.22-25
  19. Tijssen, R.J.W.; Wijk, E. van: ¬The global science base of information and communication technologies : bibliometric analysis of ICT research papers (1998) 0.00
    0.0028381154 = product of:
      0.04257173 = sum of:
        0.04257173 = sum of:
          0.011162719 = weight(_text_:information in 3691) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.011162719 = score(doc=3691,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.050870337 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                0.028978055 = queryNorm
              0.21943474 = fieldWeight in 3691, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3691)
          0.031409014 = weight(_text_:22 in 3691) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.031409014 = score(doc=3691,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.101476215 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                0.028978055 = queryNorm
              0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 3691, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3691)
      0.06666667 = coord(1/15)
    
    Abstract
    International bibliographic databases and related biblimetric indicators together provide an analytical framework and appropriate measure to cover both the 'supply side' - research capabilities and outputs - and 'demand side' - collaboration, diffusion and citation impact - related to information and communication technologies (ICT) research. Presents results of such a bibliometric study describing macro level features of this ICT knowledge base
    Date
    22. 5.1999 19:26:54
  20. Siddiqui, M.A.: ¬A bibliometric study of authorship characteristics in four international information science journals (1997) 0.00
    0.0026867227 = product of:
      0.04030084 = sum of:
        0.04030084 = sum of:
          0.016744079 = weight(_text_:information in 853) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.016744079 = score(doc=853,freq=16.0), product of:
              0.050870337 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                0.028978055 = queryNorm
              0.3291521 = fieldWeight in 853, product of:
                4.0 = tf(freq=16.0), with freq of:
                  16.0 = termFreq=16.0
                1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=853)
          0.023556758 = weight(_text_:22 in 853) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.023556758 = score(doc=853,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.101476215 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                0.028978055 = queryNorm
              0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 853, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=853)
      0.06666667 = coord(1/15)
    
    Abstract
    Reports results of a bibliometric study of the authorship characteristics of articles published in 4 major information science periodicals: JASIS, Information technology and libraries, Journal of information science, and Program. The aim was to determine the details of their authors, such as: sex, occupation, affiliation, geographic distribution, and institutional affiliation. A total of 163 articles published in 1993 and written by 294 authors were analyzed. Results indicate that: men (206 or 70%) publish 3.0 times more articles than women (69 or 23,5%). Schools of library and information science contributed the most authors. The majority of authors came from the USA (148 or 50,3%), with the Midwest region claiming the largest share (110 or 25,0%). Academic libraries (110 or 37,4%) account for the major share of library publication. 12 schools of library and information science, in the USA, contributed 32 authors (50,0%) and assistant professors (25 or 39,1%) publish the most in these library schools. Male school of library and information science authors publish 1,6 times more than their female counterparts
    Source
    International forum on information and documentation. 22(1997) no.3, S.3-23

Authors

Languages

Types

  • a 116
  • m 6
  • s 4
  • b 1
  • More… Less…