-
Kleineberg, M.: Context analysis and context indexing : formal pragmatics in knowledge organization (2014)
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- Content
- Präsentation anlässlich: European Conference on Data Analysis (ECDA 2014) in Bremen, Germany, July 2nd to 4th 2014, LIS-Workshop.
- Source
- http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CDQQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdigbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fvolltexte%2Fdocuments%2F3131107&ei=HzFWVYvGMsiNsgGTyoFI&usg=AFQjCNE2FHUeR9oQTQlNC4TPedv4Mo3DaQ&sig2=Rlzpr7a3BLZZkqZCXXN_IA&bvm=bv.93564037,d.bGg&cad=rja
-
Li, L.; Shang, Y.; Zhang, W.: Improvement of HITS-based algorithms on Web documents
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- Abstract
- In this paper, we present two ways to improve the precision of HITS-based algorithms onWeb documents. First, by analyzing the limitations of current HITS-based algorithms, we propose a new weighted HITS-based method that assigns appropriate weights to in-links of root documents. Then, we combine content analysis with HITS-based algorithms and study the effects of four representative relevance scoring methods, VSM, Okapi, TLS, and CDR, using a set of broad topic queries. Our experimental results show that our weighted HITS-based method performs significantly better than Bharat's improved HITS algorithm. When we combine our weighted HITS-based method or Bharat's HITS algorithm with any of the four relevance scoring methods, the combined methods are only marginally better than our weighted HITS-based method. Between the four relevance scoring methods, there is no significant quality difference when they are combined with a HITS-based algorithm.
- Content
- Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fdelab.csd.auth.gr%2F~dimitris%2Fcourses%2Fir_spring06%2Fpage_rank_computing%2Fp527-li.pdf. Vgl. auch: http://www2002.org/CDROM/refereed/643/.
- Pages
- S.527-535
-
Needham, C.D.: Organising knowledge in libraries : an introduction to classification and cataloguing (1966)
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- Classification
- AN 75000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Allgemeines
AN 95400 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Informationswissenschaft / Informationspraxis / Speicherung von Informationen
- Pages
- 259 S
- RVK
- AN 75000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Allgemeines
AN 95400 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Informationswissenschaft / Informationspraxis / Speicherung von Informationen
-
Coates, E.J.: Subject catalogues : headings and structure (1960)
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- Classification
- AN 75000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Allgemeines
- Pages
- 186 S
- RVK
- AN 75000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Allgemeines
-
Popper, K.R.: Three worlds : the Tanner lecture on human values. Deliverd at the University of Michigan, April 7, 1978 (1978)
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- Abstract
- In this lecture I intend to challenge those who uphold a monist or even a dualist view of the universe; and I will propose, instead, a pluralist view. I will propose a view of the universe that recognizes at least three different but interacting sub-universes.
- Source
- https%3A%2F%2Ftannerlectures.utah.edu%2F_documents%2Fa-to-z%2Fp%2Fpopper80.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3f4QRTEH-OEBmoYr2J_c7H
-
Vetere, G.; Lenzerini, M.: Models for semantic interoperability in service-oriented architectures (2005)
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- Abstract
- Although service-oriented architectures go a long way toward providing interoperability in distributed, heterogeneous environments, managing semantic differences in such environments remains a challenge. We give an overview of the issue of semantic interoperability (integration), provide a semantic characterization of services, and discuss the role of ontologies. Then we analyze four basic models of semantic interoperability that differ in respect to their mapping between service descriptions and ontologies and in respect to where the evaluation of the integration logic is performed. We also provide some guidelines for selecting one of the possible interoperability models.
- Content
- Vgl.: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5386707&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D5386707.
- Source
- IBM systems journal. 44(2005) no.4, S.887-903
-
Hotho, A.; Bloehdorn, S.: Data Mining 2004 : Text classification by boosting weak learners based on terms and concepts (2004)
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- Abstract
- Document representations for text classification are typically based on the classical Bag-Of-Words paradigm. This approach comes with deficiencies that motivate the integration of features on a higher semantic level than single words. In this paper we propose an enhancement of the classical document representation through concepts extracted from background knowledge. Boosting is used for actual classification. Experimental evaluations on two well known text corpora support our approach through consistent improvement of the results.
- Content
- Vgl.: http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CEAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.91.4940%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ei=dOXrUMeIDYHDtQahsIGACg&usg=AFQjCNHFWVh6gNPvnOrOS9R3rkrXCNVD-A&sig2=5I2F5evRfMnsttSgFF9g7Q&bvm=bv.1357316858,d.Yms.
- Date
- 8. 1.2013 10:22:32
- Pages
- S.331-334
-
Mas, S.; Marleau, Y.: Proposition of a faceted classification model to support corporate information organization and digital records management (2009)
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- Abstract
- The employees of an organization often use a personal hierarchical classification scheme to organize digital documents that are stored on their own workstations. As this may make it hard for other employees to retrieve these documents, there is a risk that the organization will lose track of needed documentation. Furthermore, the inherent boundaries of such a hierarchical structure require making arbitrary decisions about which specific criteria the classification will b.e based on (for instance, the administrative activity or the document type, although a document can have several attributes and require classification in several classes).A faceted classification model to support corporate information organization is proposed. Partially based on Ranganathan's facets theory, this model aims not only to standardize the organization of digital documents, but also to simplify the management of a document throughout its life cycle for both individuals and organizations, while ensuring compliance to regulatory and policy requirements.
- Footnote
- Vgl.: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?reload=true&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel5%2F4755313%2F4755314%2F04755480.pdf%3Farnumber%3D4755480&authDecision=-203.
- Pages
- S.1-10
-
Zeng, Q.; Yu, M.; Yu, W.; Xiong, J.; Shi, Y.; Jiang, M.: Faceted hierarchy : a new graph type to organize scientific concepts and a construction method (2019)
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- Abstract
- On a scientific concept hierarchy, a parent concept may have a few attributes, each of which has multiple values being a group of child concepts. We call these attributes facets: classification has a few facets such as application (e.g., face recognition), model (e.g., svm, knn), and metric (e.g., precision). In this work, we aim at building faceted concept hierarchies from scientific literature. Hierarchy construction methods heavily rely on hypernym detection, however, the faceted relations are parent-to-child links but the hypernym relation is a multi-hop, i.e., ancestor-to-descendent link with a specific facet "type-of". We use information extraction techniques to find synonyms, sibling concepts, and ancestor-descendent relations from a data science corpus. And we propose a hierarchy growth algorithm to infer the parent-child links from the three types of relationships. It resolves conflicts by maintaining the acyclic structure of a hierarchy.
- Content
- Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Faclanthology.org%2FD19-5317.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0ZZFyq5wWTtNTvNkrvjlGA.
- Pages
- S.140-150
-
Huo, W.: Automatic multi-word term extraction and its application to Web-page summarization (2012)
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- Abstract
- In this thesis we propose three new word association measures for multi-word term extraction. We combine these association measures with LocalMaxs algorithm in our extraction model and compare the results of different multi-word term extraction methods. Our approach is language and domain independent and requires no training data. It can be applied to such tasks as text summarization, information retrieval, and document classification. We further explore the potential of using multi-word terms as an effective representation for general web-page summarization. We extract multi-word terms from human written summaries in a large collection of web-pages, and generate the summaries by aligning document words with these multi-word terms. Our system applies machine translation technology to learn the aligning process from a training set and focuses on selecting high quality multi-word terms from human written summaries to generate suitable results for web-page summarization.
- Content
- A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computer Science. Vgl. Unter: http://www.inf.ufrgs.br%2F~ceramisch%2Fdownload_files%2Fpublications%2F2009%2Fp01.pdf.
- Date
- 10. 1.2013 19:22:47
- Pages
- vii, 104 S
-
Xiong, C.: Knowledge based text representations for information retrieval (2016)
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- Abstract
- The successes of information retrieval (IR) in recent decades were built upon bag-of-words representations. Effective as it is, bag-of-words is only a shallow text understanding; there is a limited amount of information for document ranking in the word space. This dissertation goes beyond words and builds knowledge based text representations, which embed the external and carefully curated information from knowledge bases, and provide richer and structured evidence for more advanced information retrieval systems. This thesis research first builds query representations with entities associated with the query. Entities' descriptions are used by query expansion techniques that enrich the query with explanation terms. Then we present a general framework that represents a query with entities that appear in the query, are retrieved by the query, or frequently show up in the top retrieved documents. A latent space model is developed to jointly learn the connections from query to entities and the ranking of documents, modeling the external evidence from knowledge bases and internal ranking features cooperatively. To further improve the quality of relevant entities, a defining factor of our query representations, we introduce learning to rank to entity search and retrieve better entities from knowledge bases. In the document representation part, this thesis research also moves one step forward with a bag-of-entities model, in which documents are represented by their automatic entity annotations, and the ranking is performed in the entity space.
- Content
- Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Language and Information Technologies. Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.cmu.edu%2F~cx%2Fpapers%2Fknowledge_based_text_representation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0SaTSvhWLTh__Uz_HtOtl3.
- Pages
- iii, 82 S
-
Noever, D.; Ciolino, M.: ¬The Turing deception (2022)
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- Abstract
- This research revisits the classic Turing test and compares recent large language models such as ChatGPT for their abilities to reproduce human-level comprehension and compelling text generation. Two task challenges- summary and question answering- prompt ChatGPT to produce original content (98-99%) from a single text entry and sequential questions initially posed by Turing in 1950. We score the original and generated content against the OpenAI GPT-2 Output Detector from 2019, and establish multiple cases where the generated content proves original and undetectable (98%). The question of a machine fooling a human judge recedes in this work relative to the question of "how would one prove it?" The original contribution of the work presents a metric and simple grammatical set for understanding the writing mechanics of chatbots in evaluating their readability and statistical clarity, engagement, delivery, overall quality, and plagiarism risks. While Turing's original prose scores at least 14% below the machine-generated output, whether an algorithm displays hints of Turing's true initial thoughts (the "Lovelace 2.0" test) remains unanswerable.
- Source
- https%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fabs%2F2212.06721&usg=AOvVaw3i_9pZm9y_dQWoHi6uv0EN
-
Farazi, M.: Faceted lightweight ontologies : a formalization and some experiments (2010)
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- Abstract
- While classifications are heavily used to categorize web content, the evolution of the web foresees a more formal structure - ontology - which can serve this purpose. Ontologies are core artifacts of the Semantic Web which enable machines to use inference rules to conduct automated reasoning on data. Lightweight ontologies bridge the gap between classifications and ontologies. A lightweight ontology (LO) is an ontology representing a backbone taxonomy where the concept of the child node is more specific than the concept of the parent node. Formal lightweight ontologies can be generated from their informal ones. The key applications of formal lightweight ontologies are document classification, semantic search, and data integration. However, these applications suffer from the following problems: the disambiguation accuracy of the state of the art NLP tools used in generating formal lightweight ontologies from their informal ones; the lack of background knowledge needed for the formal lightweight ontologies; and the limitation of ontology reuse. In this dissertation, we propose a novel solution to these problems in formal lightweight ontologies; namely, faceted lightweight ontology (FLO). FLO is a lightweight ontology in which terms, present in each node label, and their concepts, are available in the background knowledge (BK), which is organized as a set of facets. A facet can be defined as a distinctive property of the groups of concepts that can help in differentiating one group from another. Background knowledge can be defined as a subset of a knowledge base, such as WordNet, and often represents a specific domain.
- Content
- PhD Dissertation at International Doctorate School in Information and Communication Technology. Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F150083013.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2n-qisNagpyT0lli_6QbAQ.
- Pages
- IVX, 140 S
-
Knull-Schlomann, Kristina (Red.): New pespectives on subject indexing and classification : essays in honour of Magda Heiner-Freiling (2008)
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- Abstract
- The idea of organising a Symposium and a volume of essays in honour of Magda Heiner-Freiling first came up in a discussion at the Durban IFLA Conference in August 2007, shortly after the death of Magda. Joan Mitchell thought of this beautiful idea as a way to acknowledge Magda's contributions and influence in the field of international librarianship. Elisabeth Niggemann immediately espoused this idea and committed Deutsche Nationalbibliothek resources to making it a reality. It is fitting that this publication and the International Symposium »New Perspectives on Subject Indexing and Classification in an International Context« held at the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek on April 10 would be the outcome of discussions held at the Durban IFLA Conference. For Magda, IFLA conferences were where ideas are discussed, developed and put in practice. This publication is a testimony that ideas do lead to concrete actions. Yvonne Jahns together with Heidrun Alex, Constanze Kreis, Stefanie Syburra, Jacqueline Eichler and Kristina Knull-Schlomann, in cooperation with Joan Mitchell of OCLC and Patrice Landry from the Swiss National Library took up Elisabeth Niggemann's pledge with determination and were able in a very short time to organize the Symposium and to publish this volume of essays. To get 50 busy librarians to contribute essays in such a short time is an indication of their hard work to get this done and shows the esteem and friendship colleagues around the world feel for Magda. Some of the essays in this publication were presented at the International Symposium held on April 10th 2008.
- Classification
- AN 51000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Bibliographien, Sammelschriften / Fest- und Gedenkschriften für Personen
AN 75000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Allgemeines
AN 93400 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Informationswissenschaft / Grundlagen, Theorie / Klassifikation
- Content
- Ênthält die Beiträge: Classification - DDC Joan Mitchell: The Impact of Magda Heiner-Freiling and the German Translation on the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) System - Bernd Lorenz: Die DDC im Umfeld der Entwicklung dezimaler Klassifikationen - Lucy Evans: Early Days of DDC Networking in the UK - Magdalena Svanberg: Mapping two Classification Schemes - DDC and SAB - Ingrid Rückert: Klassifikatorische Erschließung in der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek - Gerwin Kasperek: BioDDC - Anwendung der Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation im Fach Biologie - Benjamin Blinten: Perspektiven der Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation als Aufstellungssystematik in deutschsprachigen Bibliotheken - Josef Friedl: DDC im DDC - Rudolf Lindpointner: Die Entscheidung für die DDC als Aufstellungssystematik an der Oberösterreichischen Landesbibliothek - Gisela von Briel: Erfahrungen mit der Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation (DDC) in der Kantonsbibliothek Thurgau in Frauenfeld/Schweiz - Ekaterina Zaytseva: Classification Tools for Librarians and Users
Subject indexing - Subject authority data - Terminology Guido Bee: Zielstrebigkeit und Pragmatismus - Magda Heiner-Freilings Impulse für die verbale Inhaltserschließung - Marcia Zeng, Wei Fan: SKOS and Its Application in Transferring Traditional Thesauri into Networked Knowledge Organization Systems - Yvonne Jahns: Funktionelle Anforderungen an Normdaten für Themen von Werken - Edward 0' Neill: FAST - A New Approach to Controlled Subject Access - Pia Leth, Ingrid Berg: Subject Indexing in Sweden - Federica Paradisi: Analisi a faccette e categorie semantiche per i termini giuridici nel Thesaurus del Nuovo soggettario - Sohair Wastawy, Iman Khiry: The Development of Name and Subject Authority (Bibalex) at the Library of Alexandria - Holger Flachmann: 18 Jahre RSWK und SWD an der Universitätsund Landesbibliothek Münster - Margit Sandner: Entwicklung der SWD-Arbeit in Österreich - Ellen Kipple: Die Clearingstelle für Öffentliche Bibliotheken an der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek - Sybille Jungk: Die Erschließung der Belletristik und Kinder- und Jugendliteratur im Sachkatalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Leipzig - Axel Ermert: Regelwerke, Klassifikation und Terminologie
Subject access - Multilingual access Winfried Gödert: Ontological Spine, Localization and Multilingual Access - Lars G. Svensson: Unified Access - A Semantic Web Based Model for Multilingual Navigation in Heterogeneous Data Sources - Patrice Landry: The Evolution of Subject Heading Languages in Europe and their Impact on Subject Access Interoperability - Gerhard Riesthuis: Subject Searching in Merged Catalogues - Jessica Hubrich, Tina Mengel, Katrin Müller, Jan-Helge Jacobs: Improving Subject Access in Global Information Spaces - Christel Hengel: The Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) - la C. Mcllwaine: Tongues of Men - Communication in an Electronic Age - Marie Balikova: Looking for the Best Way of Subject Access - Britta Woldering: Europeana - Mehrsprachiger Zugang zu Europas digitalem Kulturerbe - Ute Scharmann: 1001 Buchstabe oder Warum öffentliche Bibliotheken fremdsprachige Kinderliteratur bereithalten sollten Librarianship - Micellaneous Heidrun Wiesenmüller: Sacherschließung im Bachelorstudiengang Bibliotheks- und Informationsmanagement an der Hochschule der Medien Stuttgart - Dorothy McGarry: Magda Heiner-Freiling and Her Work in the IFLA Section on Classification and Indexing - Robert Zepf: Pour les generations présentes et future - For the Benefit of Present and Future Generations Heidrun Alex: Personalbibliografie Magda Heiner-Freiling
- Imprint
- Leipzig : Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
- Pages
- 333 S
- RVK
- AN 51000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Bibliographien, Sammelschriften / Fest- und Gedenkschriften für Personen
AN 75000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Allgemeines
AN 93400 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Informationswissenschaft / Grundlagen, Theorie / Klassifikation
- Type
- s
-
Bakewell, K.G.B.: ¬A manual of cataloguing practice (1972)
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- Classification
- AN 74000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Kataloge, Katalogisierung / Allgemeines
- Pages
- xiii, 298 S
- RVK
- AN 74000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Kataloge, Katalogisierung / Allgemeines
- Series
- International series of monographs in library and information science, v. 14
-
Rijsbergen, C.J. van: Information retrieval (1979)
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- Classification
- ST 271 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Datenbanken, Datenbanksysteme, Data base management, Informationssysteme / Einzelne Datenbanksprachen und Datenbanksysteme
AN 95000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Informationswissenschaft / Informationspraxis / Bibliographische Erfassung, Suchpraxis
- Footnote
- Text des Buches auch auf der Beilage CD von: Belew, R.K.: Finding out about: a cognitive perspective on search engine technology and the WWW. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2001. XXVII, 356 S. + 1 CD-ROM. ISBN 0-521-63028-2. [Sign.: 63 TWD 113]
- Pages
- IX, 208 S
- RVK
- ST 271 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Datenbanken, Datenbanksysteme, Data base management, Informationssysteme / Einzelne Datenbanksprachen und Datenbanksysteme
AN 95000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Informationswissenschaft / Informationspraxis / Bibliographische Erfassung, Suchpraxis
-
Malsburg, C. von der: ¬The correlation theory of brain function (1981)
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- Abstract
- A summary of brain theory is given so far as it is contained within the framework of Localization Theory. Difficulties of this "conventional theory" are traced back to a specific deficiency: there is no way to express relations between active cells (as for instance their representing parts of the same object). A new theory is proposed to cure this deficiency. It introduces a new kind of dynamical control, termed synaptic modulation, according to which synapses switch between a conducting and a non- conducting state. The dynamics of this variable is controlled on a fast time scale by correlations in the temporal fine structure of cellular signals. Furthermore, conventional synaptic plasticity is replaced by a refined version. Synaptic modulation and plasticity form the basis for short-term and long-term memory, respectively. Signal correlations, shaped by the variable network, express structure and relationships within objects. In particular, the figure-ground problem may be solved in this way. Synaptic modulation introduces exibility into cerebral networks which is necessary to solve the invariance problem. Since momentarily useless connections are deactivated, interference between di erent memory traces can be reduced, and memory capacity increased, in comparison with conventional associative memory
- Source
- http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_
-
Principles underlying subject heading languages (SHLs) (1999)
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- Classification
- AN 75400 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Schlagwortregeln, Schlagwortverzeichnis
- RVK
- AN 75400 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Schlagwortregeln, Schlagwortverzeichnis
- Type
- s
-
Conaway, J.: America's library : the story of the Library of Congress, 1800-2000 (2000)
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- Abstract
- Founded in 1800 as a resource for lawmakers, the Library of Congress is one of the greatest libraries in existence, with more than 110 million items in holding, including books in 450 different languages, national documents and art works. Conaway (The Smithsonian) investigates the Library's history from the vantage point of the 13 Librarians of Congress, to illustrate how their experiences and contributions have reflected political and intellectual developments in the U.S. Several Librarians of Congress stayed on for decades, dedicating their lives to the institution. The first, John J. Beckley, appointed in 1802 by President Thomas Jefferson, was confronted with an enormous challenge when the original collection was engulfed in flames during the British's burning of the Capitol by the British in 1812. Aimsworth Rand Spofford, appointed by Abraham Lincoln, succeeded in securing copyright deposit at the Library, thus ensuring its place as the national repository. Appointed by William McKinley, Herbert Putnam made the cataloging system available to U.S. libraries, while Archibald MacLeish, appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt, established the Library as an important cultural center through his acquisitions and literature programs. The current Librarian of Congress, James H. Billington, appointed by Ronald Reagan, has made a good portion of the collection available electronically. This is an engrossing and comprehensive read, as much a history of the people who made the Library of Congress what it is today--a library to the world--as it is a rich chronicle of the magnificent institution.
- BK
- 06.41 Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken
- Classification
- AN 88320 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Bibliothekswesen in einzelnen Ländern und einzelne Bibliotheken / Ausländische Bibliotheken / Amerika, Indianische Welt / Nordamerika / USA / Oststaaten / New-England-Staaten (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut)
06.41 Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken
- Footnote
- Rez. in: ZfBB 50(2003) H.4, S.234-235 (S. Kuttner): "Als 1800 die Library of Congress mit einer bescheidenen Sammlung von 740 Büchern ins Leben gerufen wurde, bestand ihre Aufgabe zunächst allein darin, das Parlament der Vereinigten Staaten mit »books as may be necessary for the use of Congress« zu versorgen, wie es in dem von Präsident John Adams am 24. April 1800 unterzeichneten Gesetz hieß. Während der letzten zwei Jahrhunderte wuchs die Parlamentsbibliothek zu einem der größten Wissensarsenale heran, dessen Bedeutung weit über Nordamerika hinausreicht. Sie verfügt heute über einen Bestand von annähernd 119 Millionen Büchern, Karten, Handschriften, Kunstwerken, Fotografien, Film- und Tonaufnahmen in rund 460 Sprachen. James Conaway erzählt in dem ebenso reich bebilderten wie anschaulich geschriebenen Band die turbulente Historie der amerikanischen Parlamentsbibliothek vor allem anhand der 13 Männer, die vom Präsidenten derVereinigten Staaten zum Librarian of Congress ernannt wurden und die Institution leiteten. Der Autor spannt so den Bogen der ereignisreichen Geschichte der Kongressbibliothek von lohn Beckley, den Thomas Jefferson 1802 an die Spitze der Bibliothek stellte, über Herbert Putnam, der 40 Jahre lang, von 1899 bis 1939, die Belange der Einrichtung nach innen und außen vertrat, bis zu James H. Billington, den Ronald Reagan 1987 ernannte. Den ansonsten streng chronologischen Aufbau der Darstellung lockert der Verfasser mit vielen Illustrationen und kleineren Essays über zentrale Persönlichkeiten der Zeit, großzügige Förderer und Mäzene, besondere Sammlungen sowie einzigartige Erwerbungen und größere Ereignisse auf, die der Entwicklung der Washingtoner Bibliothek ihren Stempel aufdrückten. Dabei spürt er den Erfahrungen und Beiträgen der einzelnen Bibliothekare nach, deren Leben und Leistung er bisweilen detailliert nachzeichnet. Gleichwohl beschränkt Conaway seinen Blick nicht allein auf die Verhältnisse innerhalb der Bibliotheksmauern; er bettet seine Geschichte der Library of Congress in einen breiten Zusammenhang mit der WeIt um sie herum ein und vermittelt so anschaulich,wie die einzelnen Sammlungen in der Zoo-jährigen Geschichte der Parlamentsbibliothek das politische und geistige Leben der USA widerspiegeln.
Jeder der Bibliotheksdirektoren sah sich mit einer besonderen Herausforderung während seiner Amtszeit konfron tiert: So wurde die gesamte Bibliothek durch den Brand des Kapitols während des britischen Angriffs auf Washington im August 1814 ein Raub der Flammen und mit Thomas Jeffersons Privatbibliothek ein Jahr später wieder errichtet. In den 40er Jahren des vergangenen Jahrhunderts musste ein immenser Rückstand von eineinhalb Millionen Bänden katalogisiert werden. Die gigantische Aufgabe,den Kartenkatalog in einen EDV-Katalog umzuwandeln, war in den 80er Jahren zu bewältigen; und die 90er Jahre standen im Zeichen des National Digital Library Program. Gleichwohl prägten auch einzigartige Erwerbungen die Amtszeiten der 13 Bibliotheksdirektoren: Anschaulich erzählt Conaway unter anderem vom Spazierstock Walt Whitmans, dem Nachlass der Gebrüder Wright, den Fotografien aus der Zeit des Bürgerkrieges von Mathew B. Brady, den fünf Stradivariinstrumenten Gertrude Clarke Whitalls oder der Sammlung Leonard Bernsteins. Wer eine wissenschaftlich fundierte, gar kritische Geschichte der Library of Congress erwartet, wird diesen in der Tradition der nordamerikanischen coffee-table books stehenden Band eher enttäuscht zur Seite legen. Der Autor stellt die Einzig- und Großartigkeit der US-Parlamentsbibliothek in den Mittelpunkt seiner Darstellung, deren bisweilen recht ehrfürchtiger Erzählton insofern nicht Wunder nehmen darf, als sie in enger Kooperation mit dem Gegenstand des Buches entstand, der Bibliothek und ihren Bibliothekaren. Sein mit einer kleinen, überschaubaren Auswahlbibliografie endendes Werk richtet sich vor allem an ein interessiertes Laienpublikum, dem die zentrale Bedeutung der de facto zur Nationalbibliothek gewordenen Kongressbibliothek als Schatzkammer nordamerikanischer Kultur und Tradition nahe gebracht werden soll. Die große Resonanz, die Conaways Bildund Textband im Feuilleton einer beachtlichen Anzahl nordamerikanischer Zeitungen und Magazine erzielte, dürfte den Autor in seinem Anliegen mehr als bestätigt haben; und seine Lektüre ist auch für ein außeramerikanisches Fachpublikum, selbst wenn es mit der Geschichte der Library of Congress schon vertraut ist, ebenso unterhaltsam wie informativ."
- Pages
- XIII, 226 S
- RVK
- AN 88320 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Bibliothekswesen in einzelnen Ländern und einzelne Bibliotheken / Ausländische Bibliotheken / Amerika, Indianische Welt / Nordamerika / USA / Oststaaten / New-England-Staaten (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut)
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Stojanovic, N.: Ontology-based Information Retrieval : methods and tools for cooperative query answering (2005)
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- Abstract
- By the explosion of possibilities for a ubiquitous content production, the information overload problem reaches the level of complexity which cannot be managed by traditional modelling approaches anymore. Due to their pure syntactical nature traditional information retrieval approaches did not succeed in treating content itself (i.e. its meaning, and not its representation). This leads to a very low usefulness of the results of a retrieval process for a user's task at hand. In the last ten years ontologies have been emerged from an interesting conceptualisation paradigm to a very promising (semantic) modelling technology, especially in the context of the Semantic Web. From the information retrieval point of view, ontologies enable a machine-understandable form of content description, such that the retrieval process can be driven by the meaning of the content. However, the very ambiguous nature of the retrieval process in which a user, due to the unfamiliarity with the underlying repository and/or query syntax, just approximates his information need in a query, implies a necessity to include the user in the retrieval process more actively in order to close the gap between the meaning of the content and the meaning of a user's query (i.e. his information need). This thesis lays foundation for such an ontology-based interactive retrieval process, in which the retrieval system interacts with a user in order to conceptually interpret the meaning of his query, whereas the underlying domain ontology drives the conceptualisation process. In that way the retrieval process evolves from a query evaluation process into a highly interactive cooperation between a user and the retrieval system, in which the system tries to anticipate the user's information need and to deliver the relevant content proactively. Moreover, the notion of content relevance for a user's query evolves from a content dependent artefact to the multidimensional context-dependent structure, strongly influenced by the user's preferences. This cooperation process is realized as the so-called Librarian Agent Query Refinement Process. In order to clarify the impact of an ontology on the retrieval process (regarding its complexity and quality), a set of methods and tools for different levels of content and query formalisation is developed, ranging from pure ontology-based inferencing to keyword-based querying in which semantics automatically emerges from the results. Our evaluation studies have shown that the possibilities to conceptualize a user's information need in the right manner and to interpret the retrieval results accordingly are key issues for realizing much more meaningful information retrieval systems.
- Content
- Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fdigbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fvolltexte%2Fdocuments%2F1627&ei=tAtYUYrBNoHKtQb3l4GYBw&usg=AFQjCNHeaxKkKU3-u54LWxMNYGXaaDLCGw&sig2=8WykXWQoDKjDSdGtAakH2Q&bvm=bv.44442042,d.Yms.
- Pages
- 249 S
