-
Pospischil, R.: ¬A bypass for the local loop : Deutsche Telekom's strategy for fiber to the home (1995)
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- Abstract
- Technological and regulatory developments are opening the door for competition and new services in the local loop. The reunification of Germany created an opprotunity for Deutsche Telekom to install fibre in the loop on a large scale in eastern Germany. Deutsche Telekom's strategy consists of 4 steps: fibre in the loop is seen as a process innovation. New broadband services - product innovations - can be based on the process innovation. Only a sufficient number of installations will enable the industry to invest in new products. Besides the local networks equipped with fibre, there is an overlay network for the rapid delivery of fibre access for business customers. The experience gained in eastern Germany will be transferred to western Germany when tranforming its existing network structure
- Source
- Telecommunications policy. 19(1995) no.7, S.579-585
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Telekommunikation, Internet, Zukunft : ein strategischer Überblick für die Praxis (1996)
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- Abstract
- Die 10 Hauptkapitel enthalten verständlich geschriebene, aktuelle Übersichten mit vielen Visualisierungen zu aktuellen Fragen der Telekommunikation (zum Beispiel zu neueren Trends, zu kommerziellen Perspektiven des Internets und zu Erfahrungen regionaler Projekte). Das Produkt liefert eine in dieser Form auf dem MArkt nicht verfügbare Übersicht für alle am Thema Interessierten. Er ist besonders nützlich für Praktiker in Unternehmen (Weiterbildung) sowie für Schüler, Lehrer, Studenten und Professoren. Die Dokumente liegen im HTML-Format vor und können auch in den Formaten Winword ab 6.0 und Powerpoint ab 7.0 geladen und weiterverarbeitet werden. Die 10 Kapitel behandeln die Themen: Visionen für die Zukunft, Zukünftige Märkte und Strukturveränderungen, TK-Anbieter und ihre Dienste, Einführungin die Internet-Praxis, Online-Dienste und Internet-Provider, Kommerzielle Perspektiven des Internet, Regionale elektronische Gemeinschaften, Telearbeit als neue Arbeitsform, Politische und rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen, Telekommunikation in der Kritik
-
Opacs in the UK : JANET-OPACs (1991)
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- Content
- Beschreibung und Zugangsinformationen von 61 britischen OPACs
- Pages
- 28 S
-
Deussen, N.: Sogar der Mars könnte bald eine virutelle Heimat bekommen : Gut 4,2 Milliarden sind nicht genug: Die sechste Version des Internet-Protokolls schafft viele zusätzliche Online-Adressen (2001)
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- Abstract
- In der Virtualität wird's eng. Die Möglichkeiten des Scheinbaren sind anscheinend ausgereizt. Es mangelt bald an InternetAdressen. Wenn WhirIpools und Wasclunaschinen ihren eigenen Zugang zum Internet brauchen, wird der Vorrat an Kennzahlen knapp. Um dem drohenden Mangel zu begegnen, wird seit Jahren an einer überarbeiteten Fassung des Internet-Protokolls (IP) gebastelt. Doch die Neuauflage hat bis auf ein paar Testläufe - bisher ihren Weg ins Netz noch nicht gefunden. Für Aufregung sorgte sie dennoch bereits: wegen Datenschutzproblemen. Für die Kommunikation zwischen Computern im Internet gibt es eine Art Knigge. Die protokollarische Vorschrift legt fest; wie die Rechner Daten untereinander austauschen. Doch zuvor brauchen die Maschinen Namen (wie www.fr-aktuell.de) und Anschriften (hier: 194.175.173.20), damit sie sich einander vorstellen (Shake Hands) und später Daten schicken können. Vergeben werden die Bezeichnungen von der Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers Icann). Den ersten Vorschlag für eine einheitliche Übergaberegelung machten Bob Kahn und Vint Cerf im Jahr 1974. Damals versuchten im inzwischen legendären, militärisch genutzten Arpanet kaum tausend Großrechner an etwa 250 Standorten miteinander zu kommunizieren. Um Ordnung in das Sprachengewirr der verschiedenen Bautypen zu bringen, mussten Regeln her. Die Idee entwickelte sich zum Protokoll, das nach Informatik-Manier mit dem Kürzel TCP/IP belegt wurde. Mit etwa 100000 angeschlossenen Computern wurde das Netz 1983 zivil - und TCP/IP zum offiziellen Standard. Derzeit regelt die vierte Version des Internet-Protokolls (IPv4) den Bit-Transport. Die Adresse wird jedem Datenpaket vorangestellt. Sie besteht aus Ziffern und ist exakt 32 Bit lang. Daraus ergeben sich mehr als 4,2 Milliarden Zahlenkombinationen. Genug für einen Globus, auf dem erst kürzlich der sechsmilliardste Erdenbürger das Licht der realen Welt erblickte - dachten die Computer-Operateure damals. Dann kam das World Wide Web.
Der Geniestreich aus dem Europäischen Labor für Teilchenphysik (Cern) in Genf machte aus dem Wissenschaftsnetz ein Massenmedium. Zudem erfuhr die elektronische Post einen Aufschwung. Das Wachstum der Netze sprengt alle Erwartungen", resümiert Klaus Birkenbihl vom InformatikForschungszentrum GMI). Jede Web-Site, jede E-Mail-Box, jeder Computer, der per Standleitung online ist, braucht eine eindeutige Identifizierung. Die Schätzungen, wie viele IPv4-Adressen noch frei sind, schwanken zwischen 40 und zehn Prozent. Der Verbrauch jedenfalls steigt rasant: Die Anzahl der WebSites steuert derzeit auf eine Milliarde zu, weit mehr Netznummern gehen bereits für E-Mail-Anschriften drauf. Den Adressraum weiter ausschöpfen werden demnächst die intelligenten Haushaltsgeräte. Der Laden an der Ecke will wissen, welcher Kühlschrank die Milch bestellt hat, die Videozentrale braucht für das Überspielen des Films die Kennung des PC-Recorders, der Computer des Installateurs benötigt die IP-Anschrift der Heizungsanlage für die Fernwartung. Handys, die später Nachrichten übers Internet schicken, und Internet-Telefonie gehen möglicherweise leer aus. Doch bevor Internet-Adressen zur heiß begehrten Schieberware werden, soll ein neues Adresssystern mit mehr Möglichkeiten her. Schon 1990 hatte sich die Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Gedanken über einen neues Internet-Protokoll mit einem größeren Adressangebot gemacht. Im IETF kümmern sich Forscher, Soft- und HardwareIngenieure um die fortlaufende Verbesserung von Architektur und Arbeit des Netz werks. Eine ihrer Arbeitsgruppen prognostizierte, der IPv4-Vorrat gehe 2005 zu Ende. Fünf Jahre dauerte es, dann waren sich alle Internet-Gremien einig: Eine neue Protokollversion, IPv6, muss her. Dann passierte weiter nichts. Endlich verkündete 1999 Josh Elliot von der Icann, ab sofort würden neue Anschriften verteilt. Ein historischer Moment", freute er sich.
Der neue 128-Bit-Header treibt die Möglichkeiten ins Astronomische: 3,4 mal zehn hoch 38 Adressen, eine 3,4 mit 38 Nullen. -Das IPv6-Forum zerhackte den Zahlentrumm in anschauliche Stücke: Pro Quadratmillimeter Erdoberfläche stehen nun zirka 667 Billiarden, pro Mensch 6,5 mal zehn hoch 28 Adressen, bereit." Eine Billiarde bringt es immerhin auf respektable 15 Nullen. Schon kurz darauf ging ein Aufschrei durch die Netzgemeinde. Das neue Protokoll schrieb die weltweit eindeutigen Seriennummern bestimmter Netzwerkkarten auf den virtuellen Adressaufkleber. Die Ethernet-Adapter bewerkstelligen den Datentransport bei Computern, die über eine Standleitung, ein Koaxialkabel, dauernd online sind. Die Spur von Ethernet-Usern wäre damit leicht zu verfolgen gewesen, ihre Nutzerprofile, ihre Surfgewohnheiten einsehbar wie offene Bücher. Das Problem, ließ Icann nun wissen, sei behoben: Es gebe keine festen Kennzahlen mehr in den Adressköpfen. Bei jedem Hochfahren eines Rechners oder sogar noch öfter werden die Nummern neu durchgemischt", erläutert Hans Petter Dittler, stellvertretender Vorsitzender der deutschen Sektion der Internet Society. Das Betriebssystem Linux kann bereits mit dem IPv6 arbeiten. Microsoft will den Standard in das nächste Windows-Betriebssystem einbauen: "Wir denken, der vorgeschlagene Standard ist wichtig zum Schutz der Privatsphäre der Internet-Nutzer", sagt Jawad Khaki, Vizepräsident für Netzwerke. Seit einigen Tagen steht auf der Microsoft-Homepage eine Vorab-Version von lPv6 für Windows 2000 zum Herunterladen bereit. Geradezu euphorisch gibt sich Protokoll-Chef Vint Cerf. Mit IPv6 haben wir die Grundlage dafür", philosophierte der Internet-Daddy auf dem ersten lPv6-Kongress 1999 in Berlin, "das Internet von unserem Planeten über den Mars und die Asteroiden bis in den Weltraum hinaus auszudehnen." Doch im Internet-Alltag wird das alte Protokoll noch lange Vorrang haben. Grund sind handfeste Programmier-Probleme. Denn Software, die sich explizit auf die vierte IP-Version bezieht, muss umgeschrieben werden - etwa um mit den längeren Adressfeldern umgehen zu können. Hubert Martens vom Münchner Multinet Services befürchtet gar einen InternetCrash: "Das Jahr-2000-Problem war harmlos gegen das, was uns mit lPv6 droht."
- Source
- Frankfurter Rundschau. Nr.79 vom 3.4.2001, S.29
-
Black, U.: TCP/IP and related protocols (1995)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Managing information 2(1995) no.4, S.49 (L. Robinson)
- Pages
- xxx S
-
Henry, M.K.; Keenan, L.; Reagan, M.: Search sheets for OPACs on the internet : a selective guide to U.S. OPACs utilizing VT100 emulation (1991)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Computers in libraries 12(1992) no.2, S.46 (W.E. Drew)
- Pages
- VII,195 S
- Series
- Supplements to computers in libraries; 32
-
Bayer, M.: ¬Die Werbeabteilung ist schneller : Das Internet aus der Steckdose - lange angekündigt - soll nun im Juli starten / schwierige technische Entwicklung (2001)
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- Abstract
- Lange Zeit war es nur eine schöne Vision: Wo auch immer man im Haus den Computer an eine Steckdose stöpselt - das Internet ist schon da, ohne Kabelgewirr oder stör-empfindliche Funkstrecken. Was einfach klingt, ist technisch kompliziert - und kann als Nebenwirkung Störungen bringen, die Funkamateure empören
- Source
- Frankfurter Rundschau. Nr.79 vom 3.4.2001, S.29
-
Dempsey, L.: Libraries, networks and OSI : a review with a report on North American developments (1991)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Library Association Record 95(1993) no.2, S.113 (D. Byrne)
- Pages
- 232 S
-
Stovel, L.; Fuchs, R.; Chang, J.-W.: RLG's Z39.50 server : development and implementation issues (1993)
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- Source
- Information technology and libraries. 12(1993) no.2, S.227-230
-
Matthews, J.R.; Parker, M.R.: Local Area Networks and Wide Area Networks for libraries (1995)
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- Date
- 30.11.1995 20:53:22
- Source
- Library technology reports. 31(1995) Jan-Feb., S.1-11x
-
Ferl, T.E.; Millsap, L.: Remote use of the University of California MELVYL Library System : an online survey (1992)
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- Abstract
- This report presents the results of a survey of users who access the University of California's online union catalog, the MELVYL library system, via microcomputers with modems or connections carried through local or wide area networks. The report includes descriptive statistics on user location, status, subject interest, affiliation, in-library versus out-of-library usage patterns, need for assistance, and desire for new features
- Source
- Information technology and libraries. 11(1992) no.3, S.285-303
-
Lazinger, S.S.; Peritz, B.C.: Reader use of a nationwide research library network : local OPAC vs. remote files (1991)
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- Abstract
- The primary objective of the present study was to exmine whether readers conducting bibliographic searches in ALEPH - Israel's research library network - tend to search only within the OPAC of the library within which they are working or whether they access the remote OPACs of other libraries. The ALEPH network has a dezentralized database. Therefore, it was possible to examine this question because each library has its own access code and each database can be searched separately. The data were collected by means of a one-page questionnaire lefr beside each terminal in the library of the Graduate School of Library and Archive Studies of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem during an entire academic years. results of analysis of the data collected in this survey are presented in 6 tables
- Date
- 22. 2.1999 13:06:18
- Source
- Information technology and libraries. 10(1991), S.192-200
-
Sloan, B.G.: Remote access : design implications for the online catalog (1991)
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- Abstract
- Provides examples to illustrate the growing use and acceptance of remote access to OPACs. Examines the differences between offering in-house public access and remote access to users and offers suggestions to help address some of the requirements of remote users. Discusses the shortcomings of the bibliographic record, what can be done to enhance the OPAC record, remote access to periodical indexes, access to the physical items represented by the bibliographic records, and the importance of establishing lines of communication with remote users
- Date
- 8. 1.2007 17:22:42
- Source
- Cataloging and classification quarterly. 13(1991) nos.3/4, S.133-140
-
Millsap, L.; Ferl, T.E.: Search patterns of remote users : an analysis of OPAC transaction logs (1993)
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- Abstract
- The focus of this study is the search behavior of remote users of the University of California MELVYL Library System, an OPAC. Transaction logs from randomly selected remote user search sessions are analyzed. Descriptive data on the number and type of searches, choice of search mode and database, number of retrievals, number and type of errors, and use of system HELP facilities are presented. The search data have been cross-tabulated with demographic data on the same group of remote users, collected through an online survey conducted by the authors. Effectiveness of system usage is discussed. A case mode is made for the desirability of additional heuristics in the catalog portion of the system
- Source
- Information technology and libraries. 12(1993) no.3, S.321-343
-
Machovec, G.S.: Administrative considerations in establishing remote dial-in access to an online catalog (1988)
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- Source
- Online libraries and microcomputers. 6(1988), S.1-5
-
Schuyler, M.: Dial in 1992 : an annual guide to online public access catalogs (1992)
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- Footnote
- Fortsetzung 1994 als: OPAC directory: an annual guide to Internet-accessible online public access catalogs. - Rez. in: BuB 45(1992) Nr.2, S.182-183 (H. Marloth)
-
Blackmann, C.; Cave, M.; David, P.A.: competition, regulation, trade and standards : ¬The new international telecommunications environment (1996)
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- Abstract
- Einführender Artikel in das Themenheft
- Source
- Telecommunications policy. 20(1996) no.10, S.721-724
-
Farooqui, K.; Logrippo, L.; Meer, J.de: ¬The ISO reference model for open distributed processing : an introduction (1995)
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- Source
- Computer networks and ISDN systems. 27(1995) no.8, S.1215-1229
-
Reddy, E.R.; Pradeep, C.: Internet and Z39.50 : a virtual union catalog (1999)
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- Pages
- S.151-158
- Source
- CALIBER 99: Academic libraries in the Internet: Proceedings of the 6th National Convention for Automation of Libraries in Education and Research, Nagpur, India, 18.-20.2.1999. Ed. by P.S.G. Kumar and C.P. Vahishth
-
Meer, J. de: ¬The ISO reference model for open distributed processing (1995)
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- Abstract
- Details the elements of the ISO Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing. Explores the challenges facing in from multimedia and stream communication
- Source
- Computer networks and ISDN systems. 27(1995) no.8, S.1211-1214
