-
Zedelmaier, H.: Bibliotheca universalis und bibliotheca selecta : das Problem der Ordnung des gelehrten Wissens in der frühen Neuzeit (1992)
0.02
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- Abstract
- Die beiden Leitbegriffe des Titels - Buchtitel zugleich einschlägiger Werke - bezeichnen eine Alternative in der frühneuzeitlichen Speicherung und Vermittlung von Wissen: die möglichst umfassende Thesaurierung überkommener Wissensbestände beziehungsweise ihre kritische Sichtung und Auswahl unter bestimmten Relevanzgesichtspunkten. Der eine Titel stammt von dem Zürcher Polyhistor Konrad Gessner, der andere von dem Jesuiten Antonio Possevino. Voraussetzung beider Unternehmen ist der Buchdruck, der etwa hundert Jahre nach seiner Erfindung in bis dahin unerhörtem Ausmaß Schrifttradition zugänglich gemacht hat, aber durch die schiere Quantität zunehmend Strategien zu ihrer Sicherung und Nutzbarmachung verlangt. Der Bibliotheca universalis wie der Bibliotheca selecta geht es um Orientierung in einem immer unübersichtlicheren Bestand schriftlich tradierten Wissens, der den Wissensfortschritt zu behindern droht. Beide haben also nicht wissenschaftliche Erkenntnis selbst, sondern ihre Vermittlung zum Ziel, und sie wollen kein System des Wißbaren entwerfen, sondern auf der Basis hergebrachter Ordnungen des Wissens den Leser dazu anleiten, sich in jenem Bestand zurechtzufinden. Es ist ein erster Vorzug dieser Münchner Dissertation, daß sie dieses Problem rekonstruiert, so daß das frühneuzeitliche Projekt der Bibliothek nicht mehr am falschen Maßstab der Enzyklopädie als Summe des Wißbaren gemessen wird.
- BK
- 02.01 Geschichte der Wissenschaft und Kultur
06.30 Bibliothekswesen Dokumentationswesen: Allgemeines
- Classification
- 02.01 Geschichte der Wissenschaft und Kultur
06.30 Bibliothekswesen Dokumentationswesen: Allgemeines
All E 69 Ordnungskategorien der Wissenschaften
- SBB
- All E 69 Ordnungskategorien der Wissenschaften
- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
-
Andretta, S.: Information literacy : a practitioner's guide (2004)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Mitteilungen VOEB 59(2006) H.4, S.74-76 (M. Katzmayr): "Information Literacy (IL) bzw. Informationskompetenz ist in aller Munde, wird sie doch als Schlüsselqualifikation angesehen, um an der so genannten Informationsgesellschaft teilzuhaben. Susie Andretta, Dozentin für Informationsmanagement an der London Metropolitan University, hat nun einen praxisorientierten Leitfaden zur IL vorgelegt, worin zwei Aspekte im Vordergrund stehen: einerseits die Vermittlung der IL in der universitären Lehre, womit andererseits auch ein erfolgreiches lebenslanges Lernen nach Verlassen der Universität ermöglicht werden soll. Das Buch beginnt mit einer theoretischen Einführung. Dort ist zu lesen, dass sich die Vermittlung von IL aus Kursen zur Bibliotheksbenutzung entwickelt habe - doch während letztere traditionell den effektiven Umgang mit Bibliotheksressourcen vermitteln und somit auf die Bibliothek beschränkt seien, beinhalte IL auch Herangehensweisen zur Lösung komplexer Problemstellungen. Drei prominente IL-Konzeptionen folgender Organisationen werden anschließend ausführlicher vorgestellt und verglichen: die der US-amerikanischen "Association of Colleges and Research Libraries" (ACRL), des "Australian and New Zealand Institute for information Literacy" (ANZIIL) und der britischen "Society of College, National and University Libraries" (SCONUL). In allen drei besteht IL zumindest aus dem Wahrnehmen eines Informationsbedarfes, Methoden zum Erhalt dieser Information und schließlich ihrer Bewertung, um die Fragen zu beantworten, die zum Informationsbedarf geführt haben. Alle drei gehen über die rein technologische Kompetenz (IT-Kompetenz) hinaus und umfassen u. a. Medien-, Bibliotheks-, und Recherchekompetenzen, um nur einige zu nennen. Allerdings gehen zwei dieser Konzeptionen noch wesentlich weiter - so fordert die ANZIIL von einer informationskompetenten Person u.a. folgende Fähigkeit: "the information-literate person applies prior and new information to construct new concepts or create new understandings" (S. 157), der Lernzielkatalog der SCONUL beinhaltet: "The ability to synthesise and build upon existing information, contributing to the creation of new knowledge" (S. 162).
Was hier auffällt, ist der äußerst weit reichende inhaltliche Anspruch dieser Sichtweise von IL. Inwieweit dadurch eine Abgrenzung zum Themenund Lehrgebiet des "wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens" bzw. zu den Charakteristika umfassender Bildung überhaupt noch sinnvoll möglich ist, wird von der Autorin leider nicht behandelt. Interessant ist der Stellenwert der Bibliotheken in der Lehre der IL: In allen drei Konzeptionen wird eine Kooperation zwischen Bibliothek und Wissenschaftsbetrieb empfohlen, ja erfolge die Vermittlung von IL idealiter im jeweiligen Fachstudium durch die problemlösungsorientierte Bearbeitung spezifischer Fragestellungen. So gesehen könne also nicht von einem Monopol der Bibliotheken ausgegangen werden, ihre Rolle sei vielmehr mit dem Motto "information literacy is an issue for the library but not of the library" (S. 53) angemessen umschrieben. In Großbritannien gehe dabei die Initiative meist von den Bibliotheken aus, in den USA und Australien eher vom Wissenschaftsbetrieb. In beiden Fällen funktioniere diese Partnerschaft aber nicht immer reibungslos. Die Beweggründe von Bibliotheken, sich hierzu engagieren, werden von der Autorin jedoch keiner tiefer gehenden Analyse unterzogen. Dies wurde vielleicht nicht völlig unbeabsichtigt unterlassen, da daran nämlich eine - im vorliegenden Werk ausgeblendete - grundsätzliche und weit verbreitete Kritik an der IL anknüpfen könnte. Ein Blick in die relevante Literatur zeigt nämlich, dass Bibliothekarinnen nicht nur hehre Motive zugeschrieben werden, wenn sie sich am IL-Hype beteiligen bzw. ihn vorantreiben. Neben Erfahrungen mit der dürftigen Informationskompetenz vieler Studierender werden ihnen auch ganz andere, pragmatischere Beweggründe zugedacht'. Ein Beispiel: Die zunehmende institutionelle Marginalisierung von Bibliotheken und ihren Mitarbeiterinnen im Universitätsbetrieb mag eine kreative Vorwärtsverteidigung unter dem Deckmantel der IL als zweckmäßig erscheinen lassen' - überspitzt formuliert: IL als Konstrukt oder zumindest willkommene Gelegenheit, um den Bibliotheken auch weiterhin eine zentrale Rolle an den Universitäten zu sichern. Zum Glück gelingt es Andretta, anhand der relevanten Literatur und eigener Erfahrungen als Dozentin plausibel zu argumentieren, dass der Mangel vieler Studierender an Informationskompetenz tatsächlich eklatant und somit ein Handlungsbedarf gegeben ist. Welche Motive die Bibliotheken hier sonst noch haben mögen, kann so gesehen ruhig im Dunkeln bleiben.
Die praktischen Erfahrungen der Autorin in der Lehre von IL werden mittels zweier Fallstudien beschrieben. Die erste behandelt IL im sozialwissenschaftlichen Grundstudium, wobei die Schwerpunkte auf IT-Kompetenz und Webrecherche lagen. Die zweite hat die Vermittlung von IL im postgradualen informationswissenschaftlichen Studium zum Thema - nicht zuletzt, um den sich verändernden Berufsbildern im Bibliothekswesen und verwandten Bereichen gerecht zu werden. Die Aufgabe der Studierenden war es, einen Forschungsantrag zu schreiben und zu präsentieren, wozu ein breites Spektrum an Informationskompetenzen erforderlich war. Beide Fallstudien beschreiben detailliert die Lehrpläne, Ergebnisse und daraus gewonnene Erfahrungen. Sie dokumentieren eine insgesamt erfolgreiche Vermittlung der IL im universitären Kontext und liefern äußerst wertvolle Anregungen und Hilfestellungen. Im sehr umfangreichen Anhang sind die besprochenen TL-Konzeptionen vollständig abgedruckt. Daneben sind u. a. auch Fragebögen zum Abschätzen der Informationskompetenz dargestellt; diese können nach einiger Anpassung für eigene Zwecke verwendet werden. Ein umfassendes Literaturverzeichnis und ein thematisches Register beschließen den Band. Fazit: Dieses Buch wird seinem Titel durchaus gerecht und kann als kompakter, übersichtlicher und hilfreicher Leitfaden für all jene dienen, die Lehrveranstaltungen zur IL konzeptionell gestalten und durchführen. Allerdings: gemessen am äußerst stolzen Preis dürfte es auch um keinen Deut schlechter sein."
-
Sühl-Strohmenger, W.: Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken als Orte des Schreibens : Infrastrukturen, Ressourcen, Services (2021)
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- Abstract
- In dem Lehrbuch wird der enge Zusammenhang zwischen dem wissenschaftlichen Schreiben in der Hochschulbibliothek sowie der Schlüsselqualifikation Informationskompetenz systematisch sowie konkret anhand von verschiedenen Schreibszenarien aufgezeigt. Für die erfolgreiche Anfertigung einer studentischen Hausarbeit, einer Abschlussarbeit (Bachelor, Master) oder einer Dissertation bedarf es eines fundierten Wissens beim Umgang mit wissenschaftsrelevanter Information und des Beherrschens dazu notwendiger Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten bei der Recherche, der Auswahl, der Bewertung und der Verarbeitung von Information. Das Konzept des forschenden Lernens, wie es an den Hochschulen verfolgt wird, spielt dabei ebenso eine Rolle wie die Schwellenkonzepte der Informationskompetenz, die den dynamischen Zusammenhang der Informationspraxis mit dem Forschungsprozess in den Disziplinen betonen. Die Ressourcen und Dienstleistungen, die die Hochschulbibliothek zur Förderung und Unterstützung des wissenschaftlichen Schreibens zu Verfügung stellen, werden einbezogen.
- Series
- Bibliotheks- und Informationspraxis; Band 69
-
Representation in scientific practice revisited (2014)
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- BK
- 30.02 Philosophie und Theorie der Naturwissenschaften
30.03 Methoden und Techniken in den Naturwissenschaften
- Classification
- 30.02 Philosophie und Theorie der Naturwissenschaften
30.03 Methoden und Techniken in den Naturwissenschaften
-
Kling, R.; Rosenbaum, H.; Sawyer, S.: Understanding and communicating social informatics : a framework for studying and teaching the human contexts of information and communication technologies (2005)
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- BK
- 54.08 Informatik in Beziehung zu Mensch und Gesellschaft
- Classification
- 303.48/33 22
54.08 Informatik in Beziehung zu Mensch und Gesellschaft
- DDC
- 303.48/33 22
- Footnote
- Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.1, S.151-152 (R. Gazan): "Anyone who has ever struggled to describe social informatics to a skeptical colleague or a room full of students will appreciate this clear and well-organized introduction to the field. It is at once a literature review, a teaching guide, and an outreach manifesto for integrating the social aspects of information and communication technologies (ICTs) into system design, analysis, and research. The context of this book is of particular importance. Rob Kling founded social informatics as a research field, and led the creation of the Center for Social Informatics at Indiana University. Kling pinpoints 1996 as the year when his long-simmering ideas coalesced into social informatics, though in the Foreword, William H. Dutton argues that the birth date of the field was actually more than a decade earlier. Kling, Howard Rosenbaum, and Steve Sawyer worked on this book intermittently for years, but upon Kling's death in May 2003, Rosenbaum and Sawyer completed the work. Under the circumstances, the book could easily have become a festschrift or celebration of Kling's career, but the authors maintain tight focus on the findings and applicability of social informatics research throughout. While much of Kling's work is cited, and very little of it critiqued, overall there is a good balance and synthesis of diverse approaches to social informatics research. Creating a conceptual critical mass around an idea like social informatics is only the first phase in its evolution. The initial working definition of social informatics-"the interdisciplinary study of the design, uses and consequences of ICTs that takes into account their interaction with institutional and cultural contexts" (p. 6)-was developed at a seminal 1997 workshop, and background information about the workshop's participants and process is summarized in two brief appendices. The results of this workshop yielded a raft of empirical studies, and at this point in the development of social informatics, the authors' focus on applying and extending the results of these initial studies is particularly well-timed. The authors identify a disconnect between popular, professional, and scholarly discourse on how ICTs coevolve with organizations, institutions, and society, and they aim to bridge this gap by providing a "pointer to the practical value of the scholarship on organizational and societal effects of computerization" (p. 3).
The opening chapter provides a 10-page introduction to social informatics and identifies three high-level subdomains of the field: the normative, analytical, and critical orientations. Chapter 2 then narrows the focus to the social, technical, and institutional nature and consequences of ICTs, and provides a well-chosen review and analysis of social informatics research, mostly case studies of system implementations gone wrong. The recurring finding in these cases is that the social and institutional context of the system implementation was not sufficiently accounted for. In light of these concrete examples, the value and applicability of a social informatics perspective becomes clear. The chapters are organized exceptionally well, with bullet points and tables summarizing core ideas. One particularly good example of the organization of ideas is a table comparing designer-centric and social design views on the task of designing ICTs for workplaces (p. 42). Included are the different views of work, intended goals, design assumptions, and technological choices inherent in each design philosophy. Readers can immediately grasp how a social informatics perspective, as opposed to the more traditional designer-centric perspective, would result in significant differences in the design of workplace ICTs. The chapter titled, "Social Informatics for Designers, Developers, and Implementers of ICT Based Systems," provides an extremely focused introduction to the importance of social informatics for system builders, with more examples of large-scale system breakdowns resulting from failure to account for context, such as the 1988 destruction of a civilian passenger jet in the Persian Gulf by the USS Vincennes. However, many of the chapter subheadings have promising titles such as "ICTs Rarely Cause Social Transformations" (p. 28), and though the findings of several studies that reach this conclusion are reviewed, this section is but a page in length and no dissenting findings are mentioned; this seems insufficient support for such a substantial claim. Throughout the book, conclusions from different studies are effectively juxtaposed and summarized to create a sense of a cohesive body of social informatics research findings, which are expressed in a very accessible manner. At the same time, the findings are discussed in relation to their applicability to diverse audiences outside the social informatics field: system designers and developers, ICT policy analysts, teachers of technical curricula, and ICT professionals. Anticipating and addressing the concerns of such a diverse group of audiences outside the field of social informatics is an admirable but overly ambitious goal to achieve in a 153-page book (not counting the excellent glossary, references, and appendices). For example, the chapter on social informatics for ICT policy analysts includes approximately twenty pages of ICT policy history in the U.S. and Europe, which seems a luxury in such a small volume. Though it is unquestionably relevant material, it does not fit well with the rest of the book and might be more effective as a stand-alone chapter for an information policy course, perhaps used in tandem with the introduction.
Throughout the book, the authors portray social informatics research as being underutilized and misunderstood outside the field, and they should be commended for acknowledging and addressing these problems head-on. Yes, there is resistance from ICT professionals and faculty and students in technical disciplines, most of whom have not been trained to consider social and institutional issues as part of their work. However, this stance sometimes results in a defensive tone. Social informatics research is repeatedly described as "systematic," "rigorous," and "empirically anchored," as if in preemptive response to doubts about the seriousness of social informatics scholarship. Chapter titles such as "Perceptions of the Relevance of Social Informatics Research" and "Raising the Profile of Social Informatics Research" contribute to this impression. Nonscholarly observers are dismissed as "pundits," and students who lack a social informatics perspective have "typically naïve" conceptualizations (p. 100). The concluding chapter ends not with a powerful and memorable synthesis, but with a final plea: "Taking Social Informatics Seriously." The content of the book is strong enough to stand on its own, but the manner in which it is presented sometimes detracts from the message. The book's few weaknesses can be viewed simply as the price of attempting both to survey social informatics research findings and to articulate their importance for such a diverse set of audiences, in such a brief volume. The central tension of the book, and the field of social informatics as a whole, is that on the one hand the particular-use context of an ICT is of critical importance, but furthering a social informatics agenda requires that some context-independent findings and tools be made evident to those outside the field. Understanding and Communicating Social Informatics is an important and worthwhile contribution toward reconciling this tension, and translating social informatics research findings into better real-world systems."
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Scholarly metrics under the microscope : from citation analysis to academic auditing (2015)
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- Date
- 22. 1.2017 17:12:50
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Borgman, C.L.: Big data, little data, no data : scholarship in the networked world (2015)
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- Date
- 14.10.2013 19:29:54
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Beyond bibliometrics : harnessing multidimensional indicators of scholarly intent (2014)
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- Date
- 14. 6.2016 13:29:14
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Brown, D.J.: Access to scientific research : challenges facing communications in STM (2016)
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- Content
- Inhalt: Chapter 1. Background -- Chapter 2. Definitions -- Chapter 3. Aims, Objectives, and Methodology -- Chapter 4. Setting the Scene -- Chapter 5. Information Society -- Chapter 6. Drivers for Change -- Chapter 7 A Dysfunctional STM Scene? -- Chapter 8. Comments on the Dysfunctionality of STM Publishing -- Chapter 9. The Main Stakeholders -- Chapter 10. Search and Discovery -- Chapter 11. Impact of Google -- Chapter 12. Psychological Issues -- Chapter 13. Users of Research Output -- Chapter 14. Underlying Sociological Developments -- Chapter 15. Social Media and Social Networking -- Chapter 16. Forms of Article Delivery -- Chapter 17. Future Communication Trends -- Chapter 18. Academic Knowledge Workers -- Chapter 19. Unaffiliated Knowledge Workers -- Chapter 20. The Professions -- Chapter 21. Small and Medium Enterprises -- Chapter 22. Citizen Scientists -- Chapter 23. Learned Societies -- Chapter 24. Business Models -- Chapter 25. Open Access -- Chapter 26. Political Initiatives -- Chapter 27. Summary and Conclusions -- Chapter 28. Research Questions Addressed
