-
Frommeyer, J.: Zeitbegriffe und Zeitcodierungen in allgemeinbibliographischen Datenbanken : eine Analyse von RSWK, LCSH und RAMEAU sowie Entwicklung eines theoretischen Modells für ein Zeitretrieval (2003)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: ZfBB 50(2003) H.5, S.295-297 (E. Scheven):"In ihrem Buch »Zeitbegriffe und Zeitcodierungen in allgemeinbibliographischen Datenbanken« entwickelt die Autorin ein theoretisches Modell für ein Zeitretrieval in allgemeinbibliografischen Datenbanken. Dafür untersucht sie die Verwendung von Zeitbegriffen (Epochenbezeichnungen, historiografischen Begriffen) und Zeitcodierungen (Jahreszahlen, Datumsangaben) bei der Indexierung von Dokumenten in allgemeinbibliografischen Datenbanken und deren Retrievalmöglichkeiten. Durch Globalisierung und Internet ist der Zugang zu den Katalogen unterschiedlichster lnstitutionen weit überdie Landesgrenzen hinaus möglich geworden. Dadurch ist der Zwang zur Standardisierung der bibliothekarischen Regeln weltweit verschärft, um Daten-Interoperabilität zu gewährleisten. Hauptziel der Sacherschließung muss immer die optimale Befriedigung der Benutzerbedürfnisse sein. - Kompetente Einführung - Nach einer kurzen geschichtlichen Darstellung der Zeitrechnung an sich und der bibliothekarischen Regelentwicklung wendet sich die Autorin den wichtigsten Sacherschließungswerkzeugen der westlichen WeIt zu, zum einen den beiden internationalen Universalklassifikationen, DDC und UDK, und zum anderen den drei Schlagwortsystemen LCSH, Rameau und SWD,wobei sieden Schwerpunkt auf die verbalen Sacherschließungssysteme legt. LCSH, Rameau und SWD mit RSWK werden kompetent und ausführlich in 164 von 316 Seiten mit ihrer Entwicklungsgeschichte und ihren Unterschieden dargestellt. Jutta Frommeyer ist hier eine gute vergleichende Einführung in die großen verbalen Sacherschließungssysteme gelungen und zwar nicht nur für Anfänger, sondern auch für praxis-erfahrene Sacherschließer. Die Darstellung von Zeitaspekten nach LCSH kann nach sechs verschiedenen Varianten erfolgen. Es gibt keine allgemeinen subdivisions für Zeitangaben. Rameau stimmt in seiner Struktur mit den LCSH überein, weicht aber bei der Indexierung bezüglich der subdivisions von den LCSH ab. Rameau hat eine allgemein zu verwendende Liste (subdivision) mit ca. 40 Unterteilungen für den Zeitaspekt. Nach RSWK wird der Zeitaspekt durch so genannte Zeitschlagwörter wiedergegeben, die wie auch bestimmte Formalschlagwörter durch Jahreszahlen erweitert werden können. Der im Dokument behandelte Zeitabschnitt wird für die Beschlagwortung herangezogen. Vorgegebene Zeituntergliederungen für bestimmte Themenbereiche wie bei LCSH und Rameau gibt es bei RSWK nicht. Zwischen den Schlagwortsystemen gibt es unterschiedliche Indexierungsregeln, wann ein Zeitschlagwort benutzt werden soll oder nicht.
- Retrievalmöglichkeiten - Ein Test der Retrievalmöglichkeiten von Zeitangaben in den Online-Katalogen der LoC, BnF und DDB zeigte, dass für ein optimales Suchergebnis viele Recherche-Schritte und Regelwerkskenntnisse notwendig sind, eine aus Nutzersicht unbefriedigende Bilanz. Zum Beispiel muss für Suchanfragen nach Jahreszahlen der Zeitraum genauso angegeben werden, wie es bei der Indexierung geschah, oder eine Suche mit Epochenbegriffen und zeitimmanenten Schlagwörtern erfordert die genaue Kenntnis der Ansetzungsregeln für solche Deskriptoren. Die angebotenen Schlagwortketten sind eine Suchhilfe, erlauben aber keine Sortierung nach der Zeitenabfolge. Der größte Mangel ist, dass alle Zeitcodierungen nur als Zeichen, nicht als Zahlen, erkennbar sind, sodass bei der Suche nur ein Zeichenabgleich erfolgt und keine Sortierung nach Zahlen möglich ist. Jutta Frommeyer stellt die Retrievalmöglichkeiten der drei genannten Bibliothekskataloge verschiedenen anderen Datenbanken gegenüber, die eine Suche nach Zeitangaben anbieten. Die Suchmöglichkeiten bei den Allgemeinenzyklopädien (»Encyclopedia Britannica«, »Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie«, »Encarta«) sind vielfältig und elaboriert. Zeitimmanente Begriffe sind chronologisch angeordnet und auch grafisch durch Zeitschienen dargestellt, von denen aus auf ein Jahr oder einen Zeitbegriff gesprungen werden kann. Die Datenbank »Historical abstracts« bietet den Zeitraum, der in einem Dokument behandelt wird, über eine spezielle Codierung an. Die »Jahresberichte für deutsche Geschichte« bieten für das Zeitretrieval eine Tabelle mit 14 verschiedenen Möglichkeiten; die weitere Differenzierung der Suchanfrage erfolgt hier durch andere Sacherschließungselemente wie eine ausgefeilte Klassifikation und eine Schlagwortliste. - Modell zum optimalen Zeitretrieval - Aufgrund ihrer Untersuchungen entwickelt die Autorin ein theoretisches Modell für ein optimales Zeitretrieval in allgemeinbibliografischen Datenbanken mit den drei Elementen Zeitcode, Chronikcode und Chroniknormdatei. Damit die Zeitcodierungen als Zahlen und nicht als Zeichen erkennbar sind, müssen sie in einem besonderen numerischen Feld (Zeitcode) abgelegt werden; mit der Möglichkeit, nach Zeiträumen zu suchen (Größer-, Kleiner- und Gleichoperatoren). Die Zeitspannen von Zeitbegriffen werden als Chronikcode in der gleichen Datenstruktur wie der Zeitcode bei den Normdatensätzen ergänzt. Für bestimmte Zeitbegriffe ist eine Normierung notwendig (z. B. Mittelalter). Bei kulturkreisabhängigen Zeitbegriffen kann die zeitliche Codierung verschieden aussehen. Die Chroniknormdatei soll die chronologische Relation der zeitimmanenten Begriffe darstellen und bei umfassenden Zeitspannen große Trefferzahlen vermeiden. Da zeitimmanente Begriffe über alle Sachgebiete streuen, muss für das Retrieval eine sachliche Einschränkung gegeben sein. Jutta Frommeyer schlägt dafür eine international angewandte Klassifikation vor. Die Autorin stellt ein Retrievalmodell dar, um das Zusammenwirken von Zeitcode,Chronikcode und Chroniknormdatei zu demonstrieren. Dabei hat sie sich an der heutigen Menü-Oberfläche für OPACs orientiert und ein neues Suchfeld »Zeitabschnitt« mit verschiedenen Unterteilungen eingeführt. Ihre Beispiele sind nachvollziehbar und verdeutlichen ihren Vorschlag. Die Umsetzung eines solchen Modells hat Auswirkungen auf die vorhandenen Datenstrukturen; auch wird eine Annäherung der Regeln für die Schlagwortvergabe nach RSWK, Rameau und LCSH notwendig sein, wenn so eine Suche international angeboten werden soll.
- Zum Schluss - Das Buch liest sich gut und ist übersichtlich gegliedert mit zehn Kapiteln und einem Anhang für verschiedene, den Zeitaspekt betreffende Hilfstabellen der vorgestellten Sacherschließungssysteme. Wo möglich und angebracht, insbesondere bei der Darstellung der Retrievalmöglichkeiten der untersuchten elektronischen Informationsmittel, werden zur Veranschaulichung Abbildungen eingesetzt. Allerdings sind der Qualität Grenzen gesetzt, weil im Schwarz-Druck ein ursprünglich farbiges Benutzer-Interface manchmal fast seine ganze Aussagekraft verliert. Hier wäre es wahrscheinlich besser gewesen, die benötigten Abbildungen vorher über ein Grafik-Programm in eine richtige Schwarz-Weiß-Abbildung umgesetzt zu haben. Das Literaturverzeichnis ist umfangreich und sehr übersichtlich gestaltet. Das Buch bietet denjenigen, die sich mit Sacherschließung oder OPAC-Entwicklung beschäftigen, wichtige Anregungen. Die Notwendigkeit von Sacherschließung gerade im Zeitalter der Globalisierung und des Internets bedeutet, dass bei der Weiterentwicklung von nationalen Regelwerken die internationalen Bedürfnisse berücksichtigt werden müssen. Es bleibt zu hoffen, dass die Ideen von Frau Frommeyer aufgegriffen, die deutsche Sprachgrenze überwunden und bei den Regelwerksdiskussionen und Formatentwicklungen international berücksichtigt werden."
-
Principles underlying subject heading languages (SHLs) (1999)
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- Classification
- AN 75400 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Schlagwortregeln, Schlagwortverzeichnis
- Location
- P
- RVK
- AN 75400 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Schlagwortregeln, Schlagwortverzeichnis
-
Koblitz, J.: Schlagwortgebung in der Information und Dokumentation (1973)
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- Series
- Einführung in die Information und Dokumentation; 2
-
Förschner, F.: ¬Eine Theorie zum Schlagwortkatalog (1987)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Mitteilungsblatt. Verband der Bibliotheken des Landes NW N.F. 38(1988) S.67-68 (G. Hartwieg); Zentralblatt für Bibliothekswesen 102(1988) S.470-473 (H. Beck); International classification 15(1988) S.164 (W. Bies); Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie 36(1989) S.340-342 (M. Kunz)
-
Coates, E.J.: Subject catalogues : headings and structure (1988)
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- Abstract
- This is a reissue of a book originally published in 1960. The new release includes a preface by the author reviewing automation's impact on subject cataloging sind 1960, with emphasis on the BNB and British Technology Index
-
Supper, R.: Neuere Methoden der intellektuellen Indexierung : Britische Systeme unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von PRECIS (1978)
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- Series
- Beiträge zur Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft; 11
-
Sears' list of subject headings (2018)
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- Date
- 21.12.2018 18:22:12
- Footnote
- Introduction und Rez. in: Knowledge Organization 45(2018) no.8, S.712-714. u.d.T. "Satija, M. P. 2018: "The 22nd edition (2018) of the Sears List of Subject Headings: A brief introduction." (DOI:10.5771/0943-7444-2018-8-712).
-
Library of Congress Subject Headings (1994)
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- Content
- Enthält 206.300 subject headings; Zuwachs des letzten Jahres: 8.000; alphabetische Liste aller früheren, nun nicht mehr gültigen headings (Earlier forms); umfangreiche Einleitung
- Footnote
- Vgl. auch Cataloging service bulletin. No.46(1989) S.65-66; ab 12th ed. 1989 jährliche Erscheinungsweise. - Neben Papierausgabe Mikrofiche und CD-ROM Ausgabe (CDMARC Subjects, $475,-; vgl. Demo-Diskette) mit jeweils vierteljährlicher Ergänzung. - Erste Ausgabe: 1911 'List of Subject Headings for use in dictionary catalogs'. Chicago: ALA 1911. - Vgl. zur Geschichte: Dailey, J.E. Subject headings in ELIS
-
Supper, R.: Neuere Methoden der intellektuellen Indexierung : Britische Systeme unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von PRECIS (1976)
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- Footnote
- Wissenschaftliche Arbeit zur Erlangung des Magister Artium; Gutachter: G. Wersig
-
Spieler, K.-H.: Zur Theorie des Schlagwortkatalogs (1977)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Mitteilungsblatt. Verband der Bibl. NW. N.F. 26(1976) S.345-348. (H. Dehnhard)
- Theme
- Geschichte des Schlagwortkataloges
-
Library of Congress Subject Headings (1998)
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- Content
- Enthält 243.300 subject headings; Zuwachs des letzten Jahres: 8.000; der letzten 5 Jahre: 43.600
-
¬The LCSH century : One hundred years with the Library of Congress Subject Headings system (2000)
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- Content
- Enthält die Beiträge: BACKGROUND: Alva T STONE: The LCSH Century: A Brief History of the Library of Congress Subject Headings, and Introduction to the Centennial Essays - THEORY AND PRINCIPLES: Elaine SVENONIUS: LCSH: Semantics, Syntax and Specificity; Heidi Lee HOERMAN u. Kevin A. FURNISS: Turning Practice into Principles: A Comparison of the IFLA: Principles Underlying Subject Heading Languages (SHLs) and the Principles Underlying the Library of Congress Subject Headings System; Hope A. OLSON: Difference, Culture and Change:The Untapped Potential of LCSH - ONLINE ENVIRONMENT: Pauline Atherton COCHRANE: Improving LCSH for Use in Online Catalogs Revisited-What Progress Has Been Made? What Issues Still Remain?; Gregory WOOL: Filing and Precoordination: How Subject Headings Are Displayed in Online Catalogs and Why It Matters; Stephen HEARN: Machine-Assisted Validation of LC Subject Headings: Implications for Authority File Structure - SPECIFIC PERSPECTIVES: Thomas MANN: Teaching Library of Congress Subject Headings; Louisa J. KREIDER: LCSH Works! Subject Searching Effectiveness at the Cleveland Public Library and the Growth of Library of Congress Subject Headings Through Cooperation; Harriette HEMMASI u J. Bradford YOUNG: LCSH for Music: Historical and Empirical Perspectives; Joseph MILLER u. Patricia KUHR: LCSH and Periodical Indexing: Adoption vs. Adaptation; David P MILLER: Out from Under: Form/Genre Access in LCSH - WORLD VIEW: Magda HEINER-FREILING: Survey on Subject Heading Languages Used in National Libraries and Bibliographies; Andrew MacEWAN: Crossing Language Barriers in Europe: Linking LCSH to Other Subject Heading Languages; Alvaro QUIJANO-SOLIS u.a.: Automated Authority Files of Spanish-Language Subject Headings - FUTURE PROSPECTS: Lois Mai CHAN u. Theodora HODGES: Entering the Millennium: a new century for LCSH
- Series
- Cataloging and classification quarterly; vol.29, nos.1/2
-
Chan, L.M.: Library of Congress Subject Headings : principles and application (1995)
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- Date
- 25.11.2005 18:37:22
-
Mikacic, M.: Teorijski osnove sustava za predmetno oznacivanje (1996)
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- Content
- Übers. des Titels: Theoretical foundations of a system for subject heading assignments
-
(Sears') List of Subject Headings (1994)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Knowledge organization 22(1995) no.1, S.45-46 (M.P. Satija)
-
Cutter, C.A.: Rules for a dictionary catalog (1904)
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- Theme
- Geschichte der Kataloge
-
(Sears') List of Subject Headings (1997)
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- Content
- Vorgänger: 'List of Subject Headings for small libraries, compiled from lists used in nine representative small libraries', Ed.: M.E. Sears. - 1st ed. 1923. - 2nd ed. 1926. - 3rd ed. 1933. - 4th ed. 1939, Ed.: I.S. Monro. - 5th ed. 1944: 'Sears List of Subject Headings', Ed. I. S. Monro. - 6th ed. 1950, Ed.: B.M. Frick. - 7th ed. 1954 - 8th ed. 1959. - 'List of Subject Headings'. - 9th. ed. 1965, Ed.: B.M. Westby. - 10th ed. 1972. - 11th ed. 1977. - 12th ed. 1982. - 13th ed. 1986, Ed.: C. Rovira u. C. Reyes. - 14th ed. 1991. Ed. M.T. Mooney. - 15th ed. 1994, Ed.: J. Miller // Rez. 15th ed.: Knowledge organization 22(1995) no.1, S.45-46 (M.P. Satija)
-
Nuovo soggettario : guida al sistema italiano di indicizzazione per soggetto, prototipo del thesaurus (2007)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Knowledge organization 34(2007) no.1, S.58-60 (P. Buizza): "This Nuovo soggettario is the first sign of subject indexing renewal in Italy. Italian subject indexing has been based until now on Soggettario per i cataloghi delle biblioteche italiane (Firenze, 1956), a list of preferred terms and see references, with suitable hierarchical subdivisions and cross references, derived from the subject catalogue of the National Library in Florence (BNCF). New headings later used in Bibliografia nazionale italiana (BNI) were added without references, nor indeed with any real maintenance. Systematic instructions on how to combine the terms are lacking: the indexer using this instrument is obliged to infer the order of terms absent from the lists by consulting analogous entries. Italian libraries are suffering from the limits of this subject catalogue: vocabulary is inadequate, obsolete and inconsistent, the syndetic structure incomplete and inaccurate, and the syntax ill-defined, poorly explained and unable to reflect complex subjects. In the nineties, the Subject Indexing Research Group (Gruppo di ricerca sull'indicizzazione per soggetto, GRIS) of the AIB (Italian Library Association) developed the indexing theory and some principles of PRECIS and drew up guidelines based on consistent principles for vocabulary, semantic relationships and subject string construction, the latter according to role syntax (Guida 1997). In overhauling the Soggettario, the National Library in Florence aimed at a comprehensive indexing system. (A report on the method and evolution of the work has been published in Knowledge Organization (Lucarelli 2005), while the feasibility study is available in Italian (Per un nuovo Soggettario 2002). Any usable terms from the old Soggettario will be transferred to the new system, while taking into consideration international norms and interlinguistic compatibility, as well as applications outside the immediate library context. The terms will be accessible via a suitable OPAC operating on the most advanced software.
An entry is structured so as to present all the essential elements of the indexing system. For each term are given: category, facet, related terms, Dewey interdisciplinary class number and, if necessary; definition or scope notes. Sources used are referenced (an appendix in the book lists those used in the current work). Historical notes indicate whenever a change of term has occurred, thus smoothing the transition from the old lists. In chapter 5, the longest one, detailed instructions with practical examples show how to create entries and how to relate terms; upper relationships must always be complete, right up to the top term, whereas hierarchies of related terms not yet fully developed may remain unfinished. Subject string construction consists in a double operation: analysis and synthesis. The former is the analysis of logical functions performed by single concepts in the definition of the subject (e.g., transitive actions, object, agent, etc.) or in syntactic relationships (transitive relationships and belonging relationship), so that each term for those concepts is assigned its role (e.g., key concept, transitive element, agent, instrument, etc.) in the subject string, where the core is distinct from the complementary roles (e.g., place, time, form, etc.). Synthesis is based on a scheme of nuclear and complementary roles, and citation order follows agreed-upon principles of one-to-one relationships and logical dependence. There is no standard citation order based on facets, in a categorial logic, but a flexible one, although thorough. For example, it is possible for a time term (subdivision) to precede an action term, when the former is related to the latter as the object of action: "Arazzi - Sec. 16.-17. - Restauro" [Tapestry - 16th-17th century - Restoration] (p. 126). So, even with more complex subjects, it is possible to produce perfectly readable strings covering the whole of the subject matter without splitting it into two incomplete and complementary headings. To this end, some unusual connectives are adopted, giving the strings a more discursive style.
- Pages
- 246 p. + 1 CD-ROM
