-
Eugenio, M.; Franca, R.O.; Perez, R.C.: Ciencia da informacao sob a otica paradigmatica de Thomas Kuhn : elementos de reflexao (1996)
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- Abstract
- There is no generally agreed definition of what constitutes information or information science, but Kuhn's notion of paradigms provides a useful perspective for analysing current theories. If information science is considerd as an 'immature science', i.e. one yet to develop its own paradigm, this links it to the debate about science and technology: many of the activities associated with information science, e.g. organising information for users by creating databases, belong to the domain of technology. On this basis, computer related activities concerned with information can be dissociated from the domain of computer science, thus establishing an independent status for information science
- Date
- 29. 1.1996 18:23:13
- Footnote
- Übers. d. Titels: Information science in the paradigmatic view of Thomas Kuhn: elements for reflection
-
Saracevic, T.: Ciencia da informacao, origem, evolucao e relacoes (1996)
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- Abstract
- Information science is best defined as a discipline in terms of the problems it addresses. Its origins date back to the scientific and technical revolution after the 2nd World War, and its development has been essentially characterised by interdisciplinarity. Librarianship, computer science, cognitive science and communication studies all share interests with infomation science, but with increasing emphasis on the information society and the information industry dictated by technological imparatives, information science is now at a critical point in its evolution. The problem it sets out to solve are not decreasing but changing, with the pressure to improve access to an ever increasing store of knowledge. The social need for information science is evident, whatever the name given to the knowledge and skills which it encompasses
- Content
- Translation of a presentation given at the International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science held at the University of Tampere in Aug 1991
- Date
- 29. 1.1996 18:23:13
- Footnote
- Übers. d. Titels: Information science: origin, evolution and relations
-
Velasco, M.: Algoritmo de filtrado multitermino para la obtencion de relaciones jerarquicas en la construction automatica de un tesauro de descriptores (1999)
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- Footnote
- Übers. d. Titels: Statistical filtering techniques applied to the obtention of hierarchical relationships in the automatic construction of a thesaurus
- Source
- Revista Española de Documentaçion Cientifica. 22(1999) no.1, S.34-49
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Casanova, P.G.: Clasificaciones y definiciones : notas para un bibliotecario (1996)
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- Abstract
- The idea of classification is based on the concept of fixed and absolute order, though each classification system reflects its historical origin and its subject to the characteristics of the individual who applies it as well as variations in the real world. Traditional classifications sought to establish differences and hierarchies, reflected in libraries in such systems as LC and Dewey. The scientific revolution of the mid 20th century introduced theories of interdisciplinarity resulting in the need for new approaches to library classification as a practical tool for locating texts as well as a way of ordering concepts. Computerised systems offer the advantage of flexibility, with the concomitant problem of noise. Users must therefore be trained to understand that categories and networks are employed not as dogmatically but relatively
- Content
- Presentation given at the 14th Library Science Research colloquy at the national Autonomous University of Mexico
- Footnote
- Übers. des Titels: Classifications and definitions: notes for a librarian
-
Arroyo, J.-M.I.: Estructuras conceptuales para la representacion documental (1995)
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- Abstract
- Considers how conceptual strucutres in knowledge organization may be considered to be the only way of representing documentary information. Discusses conceptual structure and representative structure; textual sciences; cognitive psychology; computer science; artificial intelligence; epistemology with an emphasis on the Conceptual Dependence theory of Schank and Abelson; and linguistic, logical and psycho-cognitive models
-
Cardoso, A.M.P.: Pos-modernidade e informacao : conceitos complementares? (1996)
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- Abstract
- Throughout history, science has been considered as the engine of modernity, signalling the supremacy of rational thought. The post-modern world, in contrast, is characterised by globalisation engendered by the development of communication technology. In this context, information is a social product and information science has broken from the traditional model of science, abandoning its initial attempt to establish laws and focusing instead on users. This has resulted in interdisciplinary links with related fields such as psychology, communications theory etc. In Brazil development is unequal, with some regions at a post-modern stage and other still feudal or pre-modern. The role of information here is to level these disparities and create a more just society
- Date
- 29. 1.1996 18:23:13
-
Marijuan, P.C.: ¬La acumulacion social del conomiento : une perspectiva interdisciplinar (1995)
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- Abstract
- Establishes a connection between knowledge processes in the lower level of living organisms - bacteria - and the modern sophisticated society of scientists from the perspective of the 'artificial life' paradigm. Explores bacterial colonies from an information perspective. Views the society of science as a living biological society, where sciences interact not only hierarchically but in horizontal cooperation processes. Discusses the education system, scientific politics and the geography of science
- Source
- Scire. 1(1995) no.1, S.29-55
-
Nehmy, R.M.Q.: ¬A ciencia da informacao como disciplina cientifica (1996)
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- Abstract
- Article based on student discussions during the course on 'Theoretical foundations of information' at the Federal University of Minas Gerais Librarianship School (Brazil). Kuhn's theory of the structure of scientific revolutions provides a useful perspective for analysing the debate about the scientific status of the social sciences in general and information science in particular. There is no general consensus on the characteristics of information science, either as to its origin, legitimate objects of study or research methodology. Rather the debate focuses on wether information science is a development of librarianship, or an independent multidisciplinary activity. What can be stated is that information science has developed on the basis of increasing specialisation of the disciplines it involves - sociology, economics, anthropology, etc. - and its status is possibly more than that of a 'department' like medicine, which groups biology, genetics, etc.
- Date
- 29. 1.1996 18:23:13
- Footnote
- Übers. d. Titels: Information science as a scientific discipline
-
Quijano-Solis, A.: Bibliotecas y Tecnologias una Propuesta de Integracion (1999)
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- Abstract
- This article examines some of the ways in which the Biblioteca Daniel Cosio Villegas of El Colegio de Mexico is responding to meet goals stated in the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico's 1997-2000 Development Plan. The Plan aims to prepare students for life-long learning by teaching them reasoning and questioning skills as well a competencies in selecting, organizing and processing information from diverse systems and sources. It notes the need to discover the skill library professionals must have in order to assist patrons effectively to become self-sufficient users of information. The environment examined is one where most college and university students are products of a very traditional primary and secondary educational system that emphasizes learning through the use of class lectures and assigned textbooks rather than research and self-discovery. The author points out the need for library professionals in Mexico's institutions of higher education to teach students how to learn to access and process information themselves in order to transform this information into knowledge they can use. Some of the administrative changes made at the Biblioteca Daniel Cosio Villegas to accomplish this are described. These include: more participation by library professionals in planning; favoring matrical organization between departments and projects and making decisions in a more collegial fashion; subject specialization by library professionals who select, catalog, classify and give service in a specific area; and incorporation of the user into the evaluation of existing processes and services and the creation of new ones which favor a more efficacious development of their information skills. The author concludes by proposing three basic principles to guide the re-engineering process that must be undertaken by academic libraries if they are to survive and seek to shape the future of information technology rather than just responding to the challenges it presents. These principles are: the value which accrues to information by transforming it into knowledge can be analyzed systematically; the value which accrues to technology is incremented by the degree to which it is accepted by library professionals and users; and this acceptance is a function of other variables which can be understood and controlled, especially the frequency of use resulting in the development of information skills. The improvement of information skills of library professionals and users therefore constitutes the principles objective of technological integration
-
Alonso, M.A.L.: ¬Un tesauro conceptual para la recuperacion de la informacion juridica comercial (1998)
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- Abstract
- The Commercial Law Thesaurus was elaborated as an application of a doctoral investigation into the application of a conceptual model to legal information retrieval. Justifies the need for such a thesaurus, briefly describes the genesis of its construction, and outlines conclusions obtained. Validates the efficiency of the thesaurus in the monitoring carried out in the legal database Juridoc and comments on the display of results as categorized, alphabetical, permuted and conceptual indexes
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Pastor, J.A.; Saorin, T.: ¬Un interfaz hipertexto para un sistema de gestion de tesauros (1996)
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- Abstract
- Shows the possibilities that exist to create a basic hypertext interface for a thesaurus management system. The project has been built in 3 stages: conceptual data model for the thesaurus; development of the management tools, that is, the thesaurus management system; and the hypertext interfaces. The system has been developed on Windows and combines the power of relational database management systems and the navigational flexibility of Guide, a hypertext shell. presents 2 interface models. Concludes that hypertext interfaces improve management, and open a new path for knowledge organization research
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Alonso, M.A.L.: ¬La gestion automatizada de Tesauros : estado de la cuestion (1998)
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- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Perez, F.G.: DB/Textworks : una alternativa para crear un sistema automatizado de biblioteca (1997)
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- Abstract
- Account of the experience of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre CIMMYT based in Mexico, which employs some 100 scientists and 600 support staff. To improve services the library updated its system using DB/Textworks, software which can manage large quantities of text including both data and images. The system is structured into modules for cataloguing, circulation, user information, serials, acquisition and suppliers. The chief advantages for medium sized libraries such as CIMMYT is its simplicity; tasks such as defining databases, creating reports, exchanging information so not require the intervention of computer experts
-
Frias, J.A.: Revisiones, desarollo y perspectivas de la ISBD (1996)
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- Abstract
- An examination of the chief developments over the last decade, covering the revisions of the standards for monographs (M), serials (S), cartographic materials (CM); and non-book materials (NBM) published in 1987; and revisions of antiquarian (A) and printed music (PM) standards published in 1991. The process of development of new standards for computer files (CF) and component parts (CP), and the creation of a concise version for mongraphy, is discussed in detail, in the overall perspective of illustrating why ISBD has gained international acceptance. The consultative process of creation and willingness to accomodate diverse cultural, linguistic and bibliographical traditions is the basis, together with universal recognition of the need for standardisation for conversion and use of computerised data. Future developments will focus on standardisation of exchange formats (MARC)
-
Urdiciain, B.G.: Evaluacion del rendimiento de tesauros Espanoles en sistemas de recuperacion de informacion (1998)
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- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Matus, G.S.; Mendoza, E.S.; Duran, C.V.C.: Estudio comparativo de los usuarios reales y potenciales de bases de datos cientificas : una experiencia y una reflexion en la Universidad de Concepcion (1994)
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- Abstract
- Reports of a study in a Chilean university library, comparing 100 users of online databases and CD-ROMs with 100 users of non-computerized bibliographical resources. Results showed that users tended to be teachers / researchers, and potential users were postgraduate students. Comparison of search results showed online searching improved results and saved time. The chief reasons for non-use were ignorance of the service and use of own personal computer. The study indicated the need to review policy on database acquisition and improve promotion of the service. In general, librarians should motivate greater use of online searching by providing skilled intermediary services to maximize uptake
-
Alonso, M.A.L.: ¬Los tesauros conceptuales como herramienta de precision en los sistemas de organizacion cientifica (1999)
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- Footnote
- Übers. d. Titels: Conceptual thesauri as precision tools in scientific organisation systems
- Source
- Revista interamericana de bibliotecologia. 22(1999) no.1, S.21-35
-
Marcial, N.A.: Informacion : una nueva propuesta conceptual (1996)
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- Abstract
- Proposes a new definition of the word 'information' in order to reconcile conceptual differences and provide elements for the creation of a new paradigm. Cites some papers devoted to the concept 'information' specifically those that identify and characterize the different ways of thinking, as background to substantiate the proposed definition
- Content
- Paper presented at the International Conference of Information INFO '95, Havana, Cuba, 25-29 Sep 1995
- Date
- 29. 1.1996 16:01:59
-
Targino, A.d.G.: ¬A interdisciplinaridade da ciencia da informacao como area de pesquisa (1995)
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- Abstract
- Discussion of the interdisciplinary nature of information science as a field of research, based on essential concepts such as science, information and information science itself. Presents comprehensive themes of research on information science and the difficulties faced by the researcher in this field in the search to attain the existing scientific parameters and the expected prerequisites of any researcher
- Footnote
- Übers. des Titels: The interdisciplinary nature of information science as a field of research
-
Yepes, J.L.: ¬El concepto de ciencia de la documentacion : unidad en la diversidad o diversidad en la unidad (1996)
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- Abstract
- Documentation science has scientific status in that there is an identifiable scientific community and it uses research for problem-solving. It is characterised by both unity in diversity (i.e. documentation science integrates previous sciences such as library science, archive studies) and diversity in unity (i.e. it involves a whole range of non-documentation based disciplines). Documentation science seeks to generate new knowledge about documentary information, for the purpose of satisfying determined information needs. On this basis it can be understood as a conjunction of disciplines and sciences concerned with the study of that part of the documentation process focusing on information retrieval and dissemination
- Content
- Presentation given at a round table on paradigmatic focuses of library science, during the 14th colloque on library science at the National Autonomous University of Mexico
- Footnote
- Übers. des Titels: The concept of information science: unity in diversity or diversity in unity
