-
Li, L.; Shang, Y.; Zhang, W.: Improvement of HITS-based algorithms on Web documents
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- Abstract
- In this paper, we present two ways to improve the precision of HITS-based algorithms onWeb documents. First, by analyzing the limitations of current HITS-based algorithms, we propose a new weighted HITS-based method that assigns appropriate weights to in-links of root documents. Then, we combine content analysis with HITS-based algorithms and study the effects of four representative relevance scoring methods, VSM, Okapi, TLS, and CDR, using a set of broad topic queries. Our experimental results show that our weighted HITS-based method performs significantly better than Bharat's improved HITS algorithm. When we combine our weighted HITS-based method or Bharat's HITS algorithm with any of the four relevance scoring methods, the combined methods are only marginally better than our weighted HITS-based method. Between the four relevance scoring methods, there is no significant quality difference when they are combined with a HITS-based algorithm.
- Content
- Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fdelab.csd.auth.gr%2F~dimitris%2Fcourses%2Fir_spring06%2Fpage_rank_computing%2Fp527-li.pdf. Vgl. auch: http://www2002.org/CDROM/refereed/643/.
-
Sieglerschmidt, J.: Wissensordnungen im analogen und im digitalen Zeitalter (2017)
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- Content
- Vgl. unter: https://books.google.de/books?hl=de&lr=&id=0rtGDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA35&dq=inhaltserschlie%C3%9Fung+OR+sacherschlie%C3%9Fung&ots=5u0TwCbFqE&sig=GGw3Coc21CINkone-6Lx8LaSAjY#v=onepage&q=inhaltserschlie%C3%9Fung%20OR%20sacherschlie%C3%9Fung&f=false.
- Footnote
- Wierabdruck aus: Handbuch Kulturportale: Online-Angebote aus Kultur und Wissenschaft. Hrsg.: Ellen Euler u.a. Berlin 2015.
- Source
- Studiolo: Kooperative Forschungsumgebungen in den eHumanities. Hrsg: Eva-MariaSeng, Reinhard Keil
-
Xiong, C.: Knowledge based text representations for information retrieval (2016)
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- Abstract
- The successes of information retrieval (IR) in recent decades were built upon bag-of-words representations. Effective as it is, bag-of-words is only a shallow text understanding; there is a limited amount of information for document ranking in the word space. This dissertation goes beyond words and builds knowledge based text representations, which embed the external and carefully curated information from knowledge bases, and provide richer and structured evidence for more advanced information retrieval systems. This thesis research first builds query representations with entities associated with the query. Entities' descriptions are used by query expansion techniques that enrich the query with explanation terms. Then we present a general framework that represents a query with entities that appear in the query, are retrieved by the query, or frequently show up in the top retrieved documents. A latent space model is developed to jointly learn the connections from query to entities and the ranking of documents, modeling the external evidence from knowledge bases and internal ranking features cooperatively. To further improve the quality of relevant entities, a defining factor of our query representations, we introduce learning to rank to entity search and retrieve better entities from knowledge bases. In the document representation part, this thesis research also moves one step forward with a bag-of-entities model, in which documents are represented by their automatic entity annotations, and the ranking is performed in the entity space.
- Content
- Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Language and Information Technologies. Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.cmu.edu%2F~cx%2Fpapers%2Fknowledge_based_text_representation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0SaTSvhWLTh__Uz_HtOtl3.
- Imprint
- Pittsburgh, PA : Carnegie Mellon University, School of Computer Science, Language Technologies Institute
-
Donsbach, W.: Wahrheit in den Medien : über den Sinn eines methodischen Objektivitätsbegriffes (2001)
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- Abstract
- Das Problem der Wahrnehmung und Darstellung von Wahrheit durch die Medien führt zu vier zentralen Fragen: Wie viel Wahrheit gibt es in der Welt, über die Journalisten berichten müssen? Wie ermittelt oder recherchiert man diese Wahrheit? Wie trennt man die Spreu vom Weizen? Und wie geht man als Journalist mit dem um, was man als Wahrheit erkannt hat oder erkannt zu haben glaubt? Hier gibt es ganz offensichtlich eine Parallele zwischen Journalisten und Wissenschaftlern. Journalisten und Wissenschaftler brauchen erstens Hypothesen, zweitens geeignete Hypothesentests, drittens ein gutes Abgrenzungs-Kriterium und viertens Verfahren, um die erkannten Sachverhalte auf angemessene Weise für eine Kommunikation mit anderen zu repräsentieren, das heißt sie darzustellen. Es gibt zwei große Unterschiede zwischen Journalisten und Wissenschaftlern: Journalisten sind in der Regel auf raum-zeitlich begrenzte Aussagen aus, Wissenschaftler in der Regel auf raumzeitlich unbegrenzte Gesetze. Aber diese Unterschiede sind fließend, weil Wissenschaftler raum-zeitlich begrenzte Aussagen brauchen, um ihre All-Aussagen zu überprüfen, und Journalisten sich immer häufiger auf das Feld der allgemeinen Gesetzes-Aussagen wagen oder doch zumindest Kausalinterpretationen für soziale Phänomene anbieten. Der zweite Unterschied besteht darin, dass die Wissenschaft weitgehend professionalisiert ist (zumindest gilt dies uneingeschränkt für die Naturwissenschaften und die Medizin), was ihr relativ klare Abgrenzungs- und Güte-Kriterien beschert hat. Diese fehlen weitgehend im Journalismus.
- Content
- Der Beitrag basiert auf einem Vortrag beim 9. Ethiktag "Wissenschaft und Medien" am Zentrum für Ethik und Recht in der Medizin des Universitätsklinikums Freiburg im Februar 2001.
- Source
- Politische Meinung. 381(2001) Nr.1, S.65-74 [https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgfe.de%2Ffileadmin%2FOrdnerRedakteure%2FSektionen%2FSek02_AEW%2FKWF%2FPublikationen_Reihe_1989-2003%2FBand_17%2FBd_17_1994_355-406_A.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2KcbRsHy5UQ9QRIUyuOLNi]
-
Huo, W.: Automatic multi-word term extraction and its application to Web-page summarization (2012)
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- Abstract
- In this thesis we propose three new word association measures for multi-word term extraction. We combine these association measures with LocalMaxs algorithm in our extraction model and compare the results of different multi-word term extraction methods. Our approach is language and domain independent and requires no training data. It can be applied to such tasks as text summarization, information retrieval, and document classification. We further explore the potential of using multi-word terms as an effective representation for general web-page summarization. We extract multi-word terms from human written summaries in a large collection of web-pages, and generate the summaries by aligning document words with these multi-word terms. Our system applies machine translation technology to learn the aligning process from a training set and focuses on selecting high quality multi-word terms from human written summaries to generate suitable results for web-page summarization.
- Content
- A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computer Science. Vgl. Unter: http://www.inf.ufrgs.br%2F~ceramisch%2Fdownload_files%2Fpublications%2F2009%2Fp01.pdf.
- Date
- 10. 1.2013 19:22:47
-
Farazi, M.: Faceted lightweight ontologies : a formalization and some experiments (2010)
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- Abstract
- While classifications are heavily used to categorize web content, the evolution of the web foresees a more formal structure - ontology - which can serve this purpose. Ontologies are core artifacts of the Semantic Web which enable machines to use inference rules to conduct automated reasoning on data. Lightweight ontologies bridge the gap between classifications and ontologies. A lightweight ontology (LO) is an ontology representing a backbone taxonomy where the concept of the child node is more specific than the concept of the parent node. Formal lightweight ontologies can be generated from their informal ones. The key applications of formal lightweight ontologies are document classification, semantic search, and data integration. However, these applications suffer from the following problems: the disambiguation accuracy of the state of the art NLP tools used in generating formal lightweight ontologies from their informal ones; the lack of background knowledge needed for the formal lightweight ontologies; and the limitation of ontology reuse. In this dissertation, we propose a novel solution to these problems in formal lightweight ontologies; namely, faceted lightweight ontology (FLO). FLO is a lightweight ontology in which terms, present in each node label, and their concepts, are available in the background knowledge (BK), which is organized as a set of facets. A facet can be defined as a distinctive property of the groups of concepts that can help in differentiating one group from another. Background knowledge can be defined as a subset of a knowledge base, such as WordNet, and often represents a specific domain.
- Content
- PhD Dissertation at International Doctorate School in Information and Communication Technology. Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F150083013.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2n-qisNagpyT0lli_6QbAQ.
- Imprint
- Trento : University / Department of information engineering and computer science
-
Shala, E.: ¬Die Autonomie des Menschen und der Maschine : gegenwärtige Definitionen von Autonomie zwischen philosophischem Hintergrund und technologischer Umsetzbarkeit (2014)
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- Abstract
- Werden Maschinen mit Begriffen beschrieben, die ursprünglich der Beschreibung des Menschen dienen, so liegt zunächst der Verdacht nahe, dass jene Maschinen spezifischmenschliche Fähigkeiten oder Eigenschaften besitzen. Für körperliche Fähigkeiten, die mechanisch nachgeahmt werden, hat sich in der Alltagssprache eine anthropomorphisierende Sprechweise bereits etabliert. So wird kaum in Frage gestellt, dass bestimmte Maschinen weben, backen, sich bewegen oder arbeiten können. Bei nichtkörperlichen Eigenschaften, etwa kognitiver, sozialer oder moralischer Art sieht dies jedoch anders aus. Dass mittlerweile intelligente und rechnende Maschinen im alltäglichen Sprachgebrauch Eingang gefunden haben, wäre jedoch undenkbar ohne den langjährigen Diskurs über Künstliche Intelligenz, welcher insbesondere die zweite Hälfte des vergangenen Jahrhunderts geprägt hat. In jüngster Zeit ist es der Autonomiebegriff, welcher zunehmend Verwendung zur Beschreibung neuer Technologien findet, wie etwa "autonome mobile Roboter" oder "autonome Systeme". Dem Begriff nach rekurriert die "Autonomie" jener Technologien auf eine bestimmte Art technologischen Fortschritts, die von der Fähigkeit zur Selbstgesetzgebung herrührt. Dies wirft aus philosophischer Sicht jedoch die Frage auf, wie die Selbstgesetzgebung in diesem Fall definiert ist, zumal sich der Autonomiebegriff in der Philosophie auf die politische oder moralische Selbstgesetzgebung von Menschen oder Menschengruppen beziehungsweise ihre Handlungen bezieht. Im Handbuch Robotik hingegen führt der Autor geradezu beiläufig die Bezeichnung "autonom" ein, indem er prognostiziert, dass "[.] autonome Roboter in Zukunft sogar einen Großteil der Altenbetreuung übernehmen werden."
- Footnote
- Vgl. unter: https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwizweHljdbcAhVS16QKHXcFD9QQFjABegQICRAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F271200105_Die_Autonomie_des_Menschen_und_der_Maschine_-_gegenwartige_Definitionen_von_Autonomie_zwischen_philosophischem_Hintergrund_und_technologischer_Umsetzbarkeit_Redigierte_Version_der_Magisterarbeit_Karls&usg=AOvVaw06orrdJmFF2xbCCp_hL26q.
-
Mas, S.; Marleau, Y.: Proposition of a faceted classification model to support corporate information organization and digital records management (2009)
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- Abstract
- The employees of an organization often use a personal hierarchical classification scheme to organize digital documents that are stored on their own workstations. As this may make it hard for other employees to retrieve these documents, there is a risk that the organization will lose track of needed documentation. Furthermore, the inherent boundaries of such a hierarchical structure require making arbitrary decisions about which specific criteria the classification will b.e based on (for instance, the administrative activity or the document type, although a document can have several attributes and require classification in several classes).A faceted classification model to support corporate information organization is proposed. Partially based on Ranganathan's facets theory, this model aims not only to standardize the organization of digital documents, but also to simplify the management of a document throughout its life cycle for both individuals and organizations, while ensuring compliance to regulatory and policy requirements.
- Date
- 29. 8.2009 21:15:48
- Footnote
- Vgl.: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?reload=true&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel5%2F4755313%2F4755314%2F04755480.pdf%3Farnumber%3D4755480&authDecision=-203.
-
Neunzert, H.: Mathematische Modellierung : ein "curriculum vitae" (2012)
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- Content
- Vortrag auf der Tagung "Geschichte und Modellierung", Jena, 3. Februar 2012. Vgl. unter: http://www.fmi.uni-jena.de/Fakult%C3%A4t/Institute+und+Abteilungen/Abteilung+f%C3%BCr+Didaktik/Kolloquien.html?highlight=neunzert.
-
Zeng, Q.; Yu, M.; Yu, W.; Xiong, J.; Shi, Y.; Jiang, M.: Faceted hierarchy : a new graph type to organize scientific concepts and a construction method (2019)
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- Abstract
- On a scientific concept hierarchy, a parent concept may have a few attributes, each of which has multiple values being a group of child concepts. We call these attributes facets: classification has a few facets such as application (e.g., face recognition), model (e.g., svm, knn), and metric (e.g., precision). In this work, we aim at building faceted concept hierarchies from scientific literature. Hierarchy construction methods heavily rely on hypernym detection, however, the faceted relations are parent-to-child links but the hypernym relation is a multi-hop, i.e., ancestor-to-descendent link with a specific facet "type-of". We use information extraction techniques to find synonyms, sibling concepts, and ancestor-descendent relations from a data science corpus. And we propose a hierarchy growth algorithm to infer the parent-child links from the three types of relationships. It resolves conflicts by maintaining the acyclic structure of a hierarchy.
- Content
- Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Faclanthology.org%2FD19-5317.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0ZZFyq5wWTtNTvNkrvjlGA.
-
Vetere, G.; Lenzerini, M.: Models for semantic interoperability in service-oriented architectures (2005)
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- Abstract
- Although service-oriented architectures go a long way toward providing interoperability in distributed, heterogeneous environments, managing semantic differences in such environments remains a challenge. We give an overview of the issue of semantic interoperability (integration), provide a semantic characterization of services, and discuss the role of ontologies. Then we analyze four basic models of semantic interoperability that differ in respect to their mapping between service descriptions and ontologies and in respect to where the evaluation of the integration logic is performed. We also provide some guidelines for selecting one of the possible interoperability models.
- Content
- Vgl.: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5386707&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D5386707.
-
¬The Semantic Web : research and applications ; second European Semantic WebConference, ESWC 2005, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 29 - June 1, 2005 ; proceedings (2005)
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- Abstract
- This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second European Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2005, heldin Heraklion, Crete, Greece in May/June 2005. The 48 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 148 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on semantic Web services, languages, ontologies, reasoning and querying, search and information retrieval, user and communities, natural language for the semantic Web, annotation tools, and semantic Web applications.
- Classification
- SS 4800
- LCSH
- Computer Communication Networks
- RVK
- SS 4800
- Series
- Lecture Notes in Computer Science ; 3532
- Subject
- Computer Communication Networks
-
Noever, D.; Ciolino, M.: ¬The Turing deception (2022)
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- Abstract
- This research revisits the classic Turing test and compares recent large language models such as ChatGPT for their abilities to reproduce human-level comprehension and compelling text generation. Two task challenges- summary and question answering- prompt ChatGPT to produce original content (98-99%) from a single text entry and sequential questions initially posed by Turing in 1950. We score the original and generated content against the OpenAI GPT-2 Output Detector from 2019, and establish multiple cases where the generated content proves original and undetectable (98%). The question of a machine fooling a human judge recedes in this work relative to the question of "how would one prove it?" The original contribution of the work presents a metric and simple grammatical set for understanding the writing mechanics of chatbots in evaluating their readability and statistical clarity, engagement, delivery, overall quality, and plagiarism risks. While Turing's original prose scores at least 14% below the machine-generated output, whether an algorithm displays hints of Turing's true initial thoughts (the "Lovelace 2.0" test) remains unanswerable.
- Source
- https%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fabs%2F2212.06721&usg=AOvVaw3i_9pZm9y_dQWoHi6uv0EN
-
Computer human interaction : 6th Asia Pacific conference, APCHI 2004 Rotorua, New Zealand, June 29 - July 2, 2004. Proceedings (2004)
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- Series
- Lecture notes in computer science; 3101
-
Research and development in information retrieval : Proc., Berlin, 18.-20.5.1982 (1983)
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- Series
- Lecture notes in computer science; vol.146
-
Informatikportals io-port.net mit semantischen Technologien (2005)
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- Content
- "Die automatische Organisation von Informationsbeständen in Portalen ist für Forschung und Entwicklung noch immer eine große Herausforderung. Riesige Daten- und Informationsmengen müssen aus heterogenen Quellen zusammengeführt, unterschiedliche Benutzergruppen nach individuellen Bedürfnissen bedient werden. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgaben setzt die Forschung hier auf semantische Technologien und maschinelles Lernen sowie auf das Knowhow von Expertinnen und Experten aus der Fachinformationsbranche. In den Projekten "Fachinformationssystem Informatik" (FIS-I) und "Semantische Methoden und Werkzeuge für Informationsportale" (SemIPort) entwickelten Informatikwissenschaftler und Informationsspezialisten gemeinsam Methoden und Werkzeuge für effizientere Informationsportale. In FIS-I wird das Informatikportal io-port.net mit seinen Informationsbeständen aufgebaut. SemIPort begleitet diese Arbeit mit neuen semantischen Methoden und Werkzeugen. Beide Vorhaben werden vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) gefördert. FIS-I ist eine Kooperation der Gesellschaft für Informatik (GI e.V.) und von FIZ Karlsruhe sowie den Universitäten Karlsruhe, Trier und TU München. In SemIPort arbeiten die Universitäten Karlsruhe und Trier, das Deutsche Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz (DFKI) und das Fraunhofer-Institut für Integrierte Publikations- und Informationssysteme (IPSI) zusammen. Der Testbetrieb des Informatikportals ioport.net begann bereits im Juli 2004. Die Basis des Portals bilden die wichtigen Datensammlungen CompuScience aus dem FIZ Karlsruhe, DBLP (Digital Bibliography & Library Project) von der Universität Trier, LEABiB (Lehrstuhl für Effiziente Algorithmen - Bibliographische Datenbank) von der TU München und CCSB (The Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies) von der Universität Karlsruhe. Die nach einer Suche angezeigten Ergebnisse (Treffer) werden vielfältig miteinander verknüpft und ermöglichen somit eine weitere Navigation im Datenbestand: Vom Autor einer Publikation gelangt man per Mausklick auf dessen individuelle Publikationsliste, von einem Zeitschriftentitel zum Inhaltsverzeichnis oder zum Jahresregister der Zeitschrift. Der direkte Zugriff auf die elektronischen Volltexte der LNI-Reihe (Lecture Notes of Informatics) der GI wird exklusiv über io-port.net angeboten."
- Field
- Informatik
- Source
- Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 56(2005) H.7, S.353-354
-
Developments in applied artificial intelligence : proceedings / 16th International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems, IEA/AIE 2003, Loughborough, UK, June 23 - 26, 2003 (2003)
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- Abstract
- This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems, IEA/AIE 2003, held in Loughborough, UK in June 2003. The 81 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from more than 140 submissions. Among the topics addressed are soft computing, fuzzy logic, diagnosis, knowledge representation, knowledge management, automated reasoning, machine learning, planning and scheduling, evolutionary computation, computer vision, agent systems, algorithmic learning, tutoring systems, financial analysis, etc.
- Classification
- SS 4800
- LCSH
- Expert systems (Computer science) / Industrial applications / Congresses
- RVK
- SS 4800
- Series
- Lecture notes in computer science ; Vol. 2718 : Lecture notes in artificial intelligence
- Subject
- Expert systems (Computer science) / Industrial applications / Congresses
-
¬The Semantic Web - ISWC 2010 : 9th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2010, Shanghai, China, November 7-11, 2010, Revised Selected Papers, Part 2. (2010)
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- Abstract
- The two-volume set LNCS 6496 and 6497 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2010, held in Shanghai, China, during November 7-11, 2010. Part I contains 51 papers out of 578 submissions to the research track. Part II contains 18 papers out of 66 submissions to the semantic Web in-use track, 6 papers out of 26 submissions to the doctoral consortium track, and also 4 invited talks. Each submitted paper were carefully reviewed. The International Semantic Web Conferences (ISWC) constitute the major international venue where the latest research results and technical innovations on all aspects of the Semantic Web are presented. ISWC brings together researchers, practitioners, and users from the areas of artificial intelligence, databases, social networks, distributed computing, Web engineering, information systems, natural language processing, soft computing, and human computer interaction to discuss the major challenges and proposed solutions, the success stories and failures, as well the visions that can advance research and drive innovation in the Semantic Web.
- Classification
- SS 4800
- Date
- 29. 7.2011 14:44:56
- RVK
- SS 4800
- Series
- Lecture notes in computer science; 6497
-
Buzydlowski, J.W.; White, H.D.; Lin, X.: Term Co-occurrence Analysis as an Interface for Digital Libraries (2002)
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- Date
- 22. 2.2003 17:25:39
22. 2.2003 18:16:22
- Series
- Lecture notes in computer science; 2539
-
Chen, C.: Top Ten Problems in Visual Interfaces to Digital Libraries (2002)
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- Date
- 22. 2.2003 17:25:39
22. 2.2003 18:13:11
- Series
- Lecture notes in computer science; 2539
