-
Jahns, Y.; Trummer, M.: Sacherschließung - Informationsdienstleistung nach Maß : Kann Heterogenität beherrscht werden? (2004)
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- Content
- "... unter diesem Motto hat die Deutsche Bücherei Leipzig am 23. März 2004 auf dem Leipziger Kongress für Bibliothek und Information eine Vortragsreihe initiiert. Vorgestellt wurden Projekte, die sich im Spannungsfeld von Standardisierung und Heterogenität der Sacherschließung bewegen. Die Benutzer unserer Bibliotheken und Informationseinrichtungen stehen heute einer Fülle von Informationen gegenüber, die sie aus zahlreichen Katalogen und Fachdatenbanken abfragen können. Diese Recherche kann schnell zeitraubend werden, wenn der Benutzer mit verschiedenen Suchbegriffen und -logiken arbeiten muss, um zur gewünschten Ressource zu gelangen. Ein Schlagwort A kann in jedem der durchsuchten Systeme eine andere Bedeutung annehmen. Homogenität erreicht man klassisch zunächst durch Normierung und Standardisierung. Für die zwei traditionellen Verfahren der inhaltlichen Erschließung - der klassifikatorischen und der verbalen - haben sich in Deutschland verschiedene Standards durchgesetzt. Klassifikatorische Erschließung wird mit ganz unterschiedlichen Systemen betrieben. Verbreitet sind etwa die Regensburger Verbundklassifikation (RVK) oder die Basisklassifikation (BK). Von Spezial- und Facheinrichtungen werden entsprechende Fachklassifikationen eingesetzt. Weltweit am häufigsten angewandt ist die Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), die seit 2003 ins Deutsche übertragen wird. Im Bereich der verbalen Sacherschließung haben sich, vor allem bei den wissenschaftlichen Universalbibliotheken, die Regeln für den Schlagwortkatalog (RSWK) durchgesetzt, durch die zugleich die Schlagwortnormdatei (SWD) kooperativ aufgebaut wurde. Daneben erschließen wiederum viele Spezial- und Facheinrichtungen mit selbst entwickelten Fachthesauri.
Neben die Pflege der Standards tritt als Herausforderung die Vernetzung der Systeme, um heterogene Dokumentenbestände zu verbinden. »Standardisierung muss von der verbleibenden Heterogenität her gedacht werden«." Diese Aufgaben können nur in Kooperation von Bibliotheken und Informationseinrichtungen gelöst werden. Die vorgestellten Projekte zeigen, wie dies gelingen kann. Sie verfolgen alle das Ziel, Informationen über Inhalte schneller und besser für die Nutzer zur Verfügung zu stellen. Fachliche Recherchen über mehrere Informationsanbieter werden durch die Heterogenität überwindende Suchdienste ermöglicht. Die Einführung der DDC im deutschen Sprachraum steht genau im Kern des Spannungsfeldes. Die DDC stellt durch ihren universalen Charakter nicht nur einen übergreifenden Standard her. Ihre Anwendung ist nur nutzbringend, wenn zugleich die Vernetzung mit den in Deutschland bewährten Klassifikationen und Thesauri erfolgt. Ziel des Projektes DDC Deutsch ist nicht nur eine Übersetzung ins Deutsche, die DDC soll auch in Form elektronischer Dienste zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Dr. Lars Svensson, Deutsche Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main, präsentierte anschaulichdie Möglichkeiten einer intelligenten Navigation über die DDC. Für die Dokumentenbestände Der Deutschen Bibliothek, des Gemeinsamen Bibliotheksverbundes (GBV) und der Niedersächsischen Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen wurde prototypisch ein Webservice realisiert.
Dieses DDC-Tool ermöglicht den Zugriff auf lokale, mit DDC-erschlossene Titeldaten. Für einige bereits übersetzte DDC-Klassen kann mithilfe eines Browsers gearbeitet werden. Auch die gezielte verbale Suche nach DDC-Elementen ist möglich. Die Frage nach Aspekten, wie z. B. geografischen, soll durch getrennte Ablage der Notationselemente in den Titeldatensätzen ermöglicht werden. Schließlich lassen sich künftig auch integrierte Suchen über DDC und SWD oder andere Erschließungssysteme denken, um Literatur zu einem Thema zu finden. Das von Lars Svensson vorgestellte Retrieval-Interface bietet eine zentrale Lösung: nicht für jeden lokalen OPAC müssen eigene Suchstrukturen entwickelt werden, um auf DDC-Daten zugreifen zu können. Wie Datenbestände mit verschiedenen Erschließungen unter einer Oberfläche zusammengeführt werden und dabei die DDC als Meta-Ebene genutzt wird, das ist heute schon im Subject Gateway Renardus sichtbar." Der Renardus-Broker ermöglicht das Cross-Browsen und Cross-Searchen über verteilte Internetquellen in Europa. Für die Navigation über die DDC mussten zunächst Crosswalks zwischen den lokalen Klassifikationsklassen und der DDC erstellt werden. Das an der Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg entwickelte Tool CarmenX wurde dazu von der Niedersächsischen Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen weiterentwickelt und ermöglicht den Zugriff auf die ver schiedenen Klassifikationssysteme. Über diese Entwicklungen berichtete Dr. Friedrich Geißelmann, Universitäsbibliothek Regensburg. Er leitete das CARMEN-Teilprojekt »Grosskonkordanzen zwischen Thesauri und Klassifikationen«, in dem das Werkzeug CarmenX entstand. In diesem CARMEN-Arbeitspaket erfolgten sowohl grundlegende methodische Untersuchungen zu Crosskonkordanzen als auch prototypische Umsetzungen in den Fachgebieten Mathematik, Physik und Sozialwissenschaften. Ziel war es, bei Recherchen in verteilten Datenbanken mit unterschiedlichen Klassifikationen und Thesauri von einem vertrauten System auszugehen und in weitere wechseln zu können, ohne genaue Kenntnis von den Systemen haben zu müssen. So wurden z. B. im Bereich Crosskonkordanzen zwischen Allgemein- und Fachklassifikationen die RVK und die Mathematical Subject Classification (MSC) und Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme (PACS) ausgewählt.
Wie kann man den Suchenden einen einheitlichen Zugriff auf Inhalte bieten, ganz gleich, in welchem System und mit welcher Methode sie erschlossen sind? Diese Frage hat die Vortragsreihe in unterschiedlichen Ansätzen untersucht. Die bewährten Orientierungssysteme sind für den Zugriff der Benutzer auf verteilte und auch fachübergreifende Bestände nicht mehr ausreichend. Einheitliche und einfache Zugänge zu Informationen in der Onlinewelt erfordern die Integration der vorhandenen Klassifikationen und Thesauri. Solche Transferkomponenten können die verschiedenen Schalen der Inhaltserschließung - verschiedene Erschließungsqualitäten und -niveaus - zusammenführen. Sie helfen Konsistenzbrüche auszugleichen und unsere Erschließungsdaten optimal anzubieten."
- Theme
- Verteilte bibliographische Datenbanken
-
Groenbaek, K.; Trigg, R.H.: From Web to workplace : designing open hypermedia systems (1999)
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- Theme
- Internet
Verteilte bibliographische Datenbanken
-
Nicholson, D.; Steele, M.: CATRIONA : a distributed, locally-oriented, Z39.50 OPAC-based approach to cataloguing the Internet (1996)
0.03
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- Source
- Cataloging and classification quarterly. 22(1996) nos.3/4, S.127-141
- Theme
- Verteilte bibliographische Datenbanken
-
Hakala, J.: Z39.50-1995: information retrieval protocol : an introduction to the standard and it's usage (1996)
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- Abstract
- This article describes the Internet information retrieval protocol, Z39.50, and it's usage. The services of Z39.50 are depicted, as are some important terms related to the standard. A description of the OPAC Network in Europe (ONE), an important Z39.50 implementation project is included
- Theme
- Verteilte bibliographische Datenbanken
-
Dempsey, L.; Russell, R.; Kirriemur, J.W.: Towards distributed library systems : Z39.50 in a European context (1996)
0.02
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- Source
- Program. 30(1996) no.1, S.1-22
- Theme
- Verteilte bibliographische Datenbanken
-
Ashton, J.: ONE: the final OPAC frontier (1998)
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- Source
- Select newsletter. 1998, no.22, Spring, S.5-6
- Theme
- Verteilte bibliographische Datenbanken
-
Lunau, C.D.: Z39.50: a critical component of the Canadian resource sharing infrastructure : implementation activities and results achieved (1997)
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- Date
- 3. 3.1999 17:22:57
- Theme
- Verteilte bibliographische Datenbanken
-
Burrows, T.: ¬The virtual catalogue : bibliographic access for the virtual library (1993)
0.02
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- Date
- 8.10.2000 14:47:22
- Theme
- Verteilte bibliographische Datenbanken
-
Stark, T.: ¬The Net and Z39.50 : toward a virtual union catalog (1997)
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- Theme
- Internet
Verteilte bibliographische Datenbanken
-
Kunz, M.: Subject retrieval in distributed resources : a short review of recent developments (2003)
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- Abstract
- Subject-based retrieval in distributed resources is a current problem in online searches for bibliographic references. Building portals to similar resources is only the ferst step, the subsequent navigation via different search interfaces presents certain difficulties. To make retrieval easier it is necessary to adapt these different resources. Potential approaches (standardisation as opposed to "cross-walks") and methods (automated as opposed to intellectual effort) will be discussed. This includes a Brief appraisal of the future of work with multilingual terminology: - The "classical" approach (Multilingual Thesauri), - The "Internet" approach (linking) Recent developments in mono- and multilingual environments will be presented (MACS, CARMEN, Economics Crosswalk).
- Theme
- Verteilte bibliographische Datenbanken
-
Ghiselli, C.; Padula, M.: ¬A unified access to extract knowledge from heterogeneous Web archives (2001)
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- Theme
- Verteilte bibliographische Datenbanken
Internet
-
Heery, R.: Information gateways : collaboration and content (2000)
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- Date
- 22. 6.2002 19:38:54
- Theme
- Verteilte bibliographische Datenbanken
-
Coyle, K.: ¬The virtual union catalog : a comparative study (2000)
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- Theme
- Verteilte bibliographische Datenbanken
Katalogfragen allgemein
-
Nicholson, D.; Wake, S.: HILT: subject retrieval in a distributed environment (2003)
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- Abstract
- The HILT High Level Thesaurus Project aims to study and report an the problern of cross-searching and browsing by subject across a range of communities, services, and service or resource types in the UK given the wide range of subject schemes and associated practices in place in the communities in question (Libraries, Museums, Archives, and Internet Services) and taking the international context into consideration. The paper reports an progess to date, focusing particularly an the inter-community consensus reached at a recent Stakeholder Workshop.
- Theme
- Verteilte bibliographische Datenbanken
-
Fuhr, N.: Towards data abstraction in networked information retrieval systems (1999)
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- Theme
- Verteilte bibliographische Datenbanken
-
Avrahami, T.T.; Yau, L.; Si, L.; Callan, J.P.: ¬The FedLemur project : Federated search in the real world (2006)
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- Date
- 22. 7.2006 16:02:07
- Theme
- Verteilte bibliographische Datenbanken
-
Roszkowski, M.; Lukas, C.: ¬A distributed architecture for resource discovery using metadata (1998)
0.02
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- Abstract
- This article describes an approach for linking geographically distributed collections of metadata so that they are searchable as a single collection. We describe the infrastructure, which uses standard Internet protocols such as the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) and the Common Indexing Protocol (CIP), to distribute queries, return results, and exchange index information. We discuss the advantages of using linked collections of authoritative metadata as an alternative to using a keyword indexing search-engine for resource discovery. We examine other architectures that use metadata for resource discovery, such as Dienst/NCSTRL, the AHDS HTTP/Z39.50 Gateway, and the ROADS initiative. Finally, we discuss research issues and future directions of the project. The Internet Scout Project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation and is located in the Computer Sciences Department at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, is charged with assisting the higher education community in resource discovery on the Internet. To that end, the Scout Report and subsequent subject-specific Scout Reports were developed to guide the U.S. higher education community to research-quality resources. The Scout Report Signpost utilizes the content from the Scout Reports as the basis of a metadata collection. Signpost consists of more than 2000 cataloged Internet sites using established standards such as Library of Congress subject headings and abbreviated call letters, and emerging standards such as the Dublin Core (DC). This searchable and browseable collection is free and freely accessible, as are all of the Internet Scout Project's services.
As well developed as both the Scout Reports and Signpost are, they cannot capture the wealth of high-quality content that is available on the Internet. An obvious next step toward increasing the usefulness of our own collection and its value to our customer base is to partner with other high-quality content providers who have developed similar collections and to develop a single, virtual collection. Project Isaac (working title) is the Internet Scout Project's latest resource discovery effort. Project Isaac involves the development of a research testbed that allows experimentation with protocols and algorithms for creating, maintaining, indexing and searching distributed collections of metadata. Project Isaac's infrastructure uses standard Internet protocols, such as the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) and the Common Indexing Protocol (CIP) to distribute queries, return results, and exchange index or centroid information. The overall goal is to support a single-search interface to geographically distributed and independently maintained metadata collections.
- Theme
- Verteilte bibliographische Datenbanken
-
Hogg, M.; Field, J.: Using Z39.50 to build a virtual union catalogue Music Libraries Online : a subject clump (2001)
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- Theme
- Verteilte bibliographische Datenbanken
-
Arch-Int, N.; Sophatsathit, P.: ¬A semantic information gathering approach for heterogeneous information sources on WWW (2003)
0.02
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- Theme
- Verteilte bibliographische Datenbanken
-
Johnson, E.H.: Objects for distributed heterogeneous information retrieval (2000)
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- Date
- 22. 9.1997 19:16:05
- Theme
- Verteilte bibliographische Datenbanken
