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  1. Farooqui, K.; Logrippo, L.; Meer, J.de: ¬The ISO reference model for open distributed processing : an introduction (1995) 0.03
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    Abstract
    The IOS rererence model of open distributed processing (RM-ODP) consists of: an overview of the reference model, the descriptive model, the prescriptive model, and the architectural semantics. They provide the concepts and rules of distributed processing to ensure openness between interacting distributed application components. Openness is a combination of characteristics: accessibility, heterogeneity, autonomy and distribution. The RM-ODP introduces the concept of viewpoint to describe a system from a particular set of concerns, and hence to deal with the complexity of distributed systems. While all the viewpoints are relevant to the description and design of distributed systems, the computational and engineering models are the ones that bear most directly on the design and implementation of distributed systems. From a distributes software engineering point of view, the computational and engineering viewpoints are again the most important; they reflect the software structure of the distributed application most closely. Concentrates on the computational and engineering viewpoints
  2. Kittle, P.: Remote control software : online from micro to micro (1989) 0.03
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  3. Deussen, N.: Sogar der Mars könnte bald eine virutelle Heimat bekommen : Gut 4,2 Milliarden sind nicht genug: Die sechste Version des Internet-Protokolls schafft viele zusätzliche Online-Adressen (2001) 0.02
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    Abstract
    In der Virtualität wird's eng. Die Möglichkeiten des Scheinbaren sind anscheinend ausgereizt. Es mangelt bald an InternetAdressen. Wenn WhirIpools und Wasclunaschinen ihren eigenen Zugang zum Internet brauchen, wird der Vorrat an Kennzahlen knapp. Um dem drohenden Mangel zu begegnen, wird seit Jahren an einer überarbeiteten Fassung des Internet-Protokolls (IP) gebastelt. Doch die Neuauflage hat bis auf ein paar Testläufe - bisher ihren Weg ins Netz noch nicht gefunden. Für Aufregung sorgte sie dennoch bereits: wegen Datenschutzproblemen. Für die Kommunikation zwischen Computern im Internet gibt es eine Art Knigge. Die protokollarische Vorschrift legt fest; wie die Rechner Daten untereinander austauschen. Doch zuvor brauchen die Maschinen Namen (wie www.fr-aktuell.de) und Anschriften (hier: 194.175.173.20), damit sie sich einander vorstellen (Shake Hands) und später Daten schicken können. Vergeben werden die Bezeichnungen von der Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers Icann). Den ersten Vorschlag für eine einheitliche Übergaberegelung machten Bob Kahn und Vint Cerf im Jahr 1974. Damals versuchten im inzwischen legendären, militärisch genutzten Arpanet kaum tausend Großrechner an etwa 250 Standorten miteinander zu kommunizieren. Um Ordnung in das Sprachengewirr der verschiedenen Bautypen zu bringen, mussten Regeln her. Die Idee entwickelte sich zum Protokoll, das nach Informatik-Manier mit dem Kürzel TCP/IP belegt wurde. Mit etwa 100000 angeschlossenen Computern wurde das Netz 1983 zivil - und TCP/IP zum offiziellen Standard. Derzeit regelt die vierte Version des Internet-Protokolls (IPv4) den Bit-Transport. Die Adresse wird jedem Datenpaket vorangestellt. Sie besteht aus Ziffern und ist exakt 32 Bit lang. Daraus ergeben sich mehr als 4,2 Milliarden Zahlenkombinationen. Genug für einen Globus, auf dem erst kürzlich der sechsmilliardste Erdenbürger das Licht der realen Welt erblickte - dachten die Computer-Operateure damals. Dann kam das World Wide Web.
    Der Geniestreich aus dem Europäischen Labor für Teilchenphysik (Cern) in Genf machte aus dem Wissenschaftsnetz ein Massenmedium. Zudem erfuhr die elektronische Post einen Aufschwung. Das Wachstum der Netze sprengt alle Erwartungen", resümiert Klaus Birkenbihl vom InformatikForschungszentrum GMI). Jede Web-Site, jede E-Mail-Box, jeder Computer, der per Standleitung online ist, braucht eine eindeutige Identifizierung. Die Schätzungen, wie viele IPv4-Adressen noch frei sind, schwanken zwischen 40 und zehn Prozent. Der Verbrauch jedenfalls steigt rasant: Die Anzahl der WebSites steuert derzeit auf eine Milliarde zu, weit mehr Netznummern gehen bereits für E-Mail-Anschriften drauf. Den Adressraum weiter ausschöpfen werden demnächst die intelligenten Haushaltsgeräte. Der Laden an der Ecke will wissen, welcher Kühlschrank die Milch bestellt hat, die Videozentrale braucht für das Überspielen des Films die Kennung des PC-Recorders, der Computer des Installateurs benötigt die IP-Anschrift der Heizungsanlage für die Fernwartung. Handys, die später Nachrichten übers Internet schicken, und Internet-Telefonie gehen möglicherweise leer aus. Doch bevor Internet-Adressen zur heiß begehrten Schieberware werden, soll ein neues Adresssystern mit mehr Möglichkeiten her. Schon 1990 hatte sich die Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Gedanken über einen neues Internet-Protokoll mit einem größeren Adressangebot gemacht. Im IETF kümmern sich Forscher, Soft- und HardwareIngenieure um die fortlaufende Verbesserung von Architektur und Arbeit des Netz werks. Eine ihrer Arbeitsgruppen prognostizierte, der IPv4-Vorrat gehe 2005 zu Ende. Fünf Jahre dauerte es, dann waren sich alle Internet-Gremien einig: Eine neue Protokollversion, IPv6, muss her. Dann passierte weiter nichts. Endlich verkündete 1999 Josh Elliot von der Icann, ab sofort würden neue Anschriften verteilt. Ein historischer Moment", freute er sich.
    Der neue 128-Bit-Header treibt die Möglichkeiten ins Astronomische: 3,4 mal zehn hoch 38 Adressen, eine 3,4 mit 38 Nullen. -Das IPv6-Forum zerhackte den Zahlentrumm in anschauliche Stücke: Pro Quadratmillimeter Erdoberfläche stehen nun zirka 667 Billiarden, pro Mensch 6,5 mal zehn hoch 28 Adressen, bereit." Eine Billiarde bringt es immerhin auf respektable 15 Nullen. Schon kurz darauf ging ein Aufschrei durch die Netzgemeinde. Das neue Protokoll schrieb die weltweit eindeutigen Seriennummern bestimmter Netzwerkkarten auf den virtuellen Adressaufkleber. Die Ethernet-Adapter bewerkstelligen den Datentransport bei Computern, die über eine Standleitung, ein Koaxialkabel, dauernd online sind. Die Spur von Ethernet-Usern wäre damit leicht zu verfolgen gewesen, ihre Nutzerprofile, ihre Surfgewohnheiten einsehbar wie offene Bücher. Das Problem, ließ Icann nun wissen, sei behoben: Es gebe keine festen Kennzahlen mehr in den Adressköpfen. Bei jedem Hochfahren eines Rechners oder sogar noch öfter werden die Nummern neu durchgemischt", erläutert Hans Petter Dittler, stellvertretender Vorsitzender der deutschen Sektion der Internet Society. Das Betriebssystem Linux kann bereits mit dem IPv6 arbeiten. Microsoft will den Standard in das nächste Windows-Betriebssystem einbauen: "Wir denken, der vorgeschlagene Standard ist wichtig zum Schutz der Privatsphäre der Internet-Nutzer", sagt Jawad Khaki, Vizepräsident für Netzwerke. Seit einigen Tagen steht auf der Microsoft-Homepage eine Vorab-Version von lPv6 für Windows 2000 zum Herunterladen bereit. Geradezu euphorisch gibt sich Protokoll-Chef Vint Cerf. Mit IPv6 haben wir die Grundlage dafür", philosophierte der Internet-Daddy auf dem ersten lPv6-Kongress 1999 in Berlin, "das Internet von unserem Planeten über den Mars und die Asteroiden bis in den Weltraum hinaus auszudehnen." Doch im Internet-Alltag wird das alte Protokoll noch lange Vorrang haben. Grund sind handfeste Programmier-Probleme. Denn Software, die sich explizit auf die vierte IP-Version bezieht, muss umgeschrieben werden - etwa um mit den längeren Adressfeldern umgehen zu können. Hubert Martens vom Münchner Multinet Services befürchtet gar einen InternetCrash: "Das Jahr-2000-Problem war harmlos gegen das, was uns mit lPv6 droht."
    Source
    Frankfurter Rundschau. Nr.79 vom 3.4.2001, S.29
  4. Corey, J.F.: ¬A grant for Z39.50 (1994) 0.02
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    Abstract
    In Sept. 1990, the US Dept. of Education's Library Technology and Cooperation Grants Program awarded a three-year grant to the Florida Center for Library Automation (FCLA), an agency of the Florida State University System, to develop software adhering to the ANSI Z39.50 Information Retrieval protocol standard. The Z39.50 software was to operate over the OSI communications protocols and be integrated with FCLA's NOTIS system, which is shared by all 9 state universities in Florida. In order to test the correctness of its Z39.50 software, FCLA sought out other library software developers who would be willing to develop Z39.50 systems of their own. As part of this process, FCLA helped to found the Z39.50 Implementor's Group (ZIG), which has since gone on to improve the standard and promote Z39.50 implementations throughout much of the North American library systems marketplace. Early on in the project, it became apparent that TCP/IP would be a more heavily used communication vehicle for Z39.50 messages than OSI. FCLA expanded its design to include TCP/IP and, by the end of the grant in Sept. 1993, will have a working Z39.50 system that can communicate over both OSI and TCP/IP networks
  5. LeVan, R.R.: Dublin Core and Z39.50 (2001) 0.02
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    Date
    11. 2.1997 20:11:23
  6. Hickey, T.B.: ¬A Java Z39.50 Client for Browsing Large Databases (2001) 0.02
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    Date
    11. 2.1997 20:11:23
  7. Bell, S.J.: Providing remote access to CD-ROMs : some practical advice (1993) 0.01
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    Abstract
    Discusses the factors influencing remote access to CD-ROMs: how many CD-ROM workstations are located at the place of work (single or multiple workstations); whether a PC or a CD-ROM LAN is in operation; what level of security is needed in the organisation; how many remote users need to be accomodated; and the level of software sophistication present in the staff of the organisation
  8. Fitzwater, D.; Fragkin, B.; Birttain, W.: Remote use of CD-ROM (1991) 0.01
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    Abstract
    CD-ROM databases are finding a permanent niche in libraries and librarians are trained both to use each new product and to keep abreast of changes in them. From the library user point of view it is possible to dial into or remotely access CD-ROM databases. Discusses the use of the communications software pcAnywhere, examines the benefits to users and libraries of remote access, and lists other areas which might be of interest to learning resource centres in regard to CD-ROM services
  9. Boss, R.W.: Client/server technology for libraries with a survey of vendor offerings (1994) 0.01
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    Abstract
    Defines client/server computer architecture and discusses it in the context of library automation. Addresses the following issues: is client/server needed?; the role of the Z39.50 standard; utilizing existing hardware and software; writing specifications; staff requirements; training; and ongoing support. Presents the responses of 30 library automation vendors in the USA to a questionnaire survey regarding present and future applications of client/server technology. Includes a bibliography of materials used in the preparation of the report
  10. Maio, A.; Littlefield, W.: Issues in mounting a commercial database on an online catalog (1992) 0.01
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    Source
    Library software review. 11(1992) no.6, S.24-26
  11. Burton, J.; Newport, J.; Robinson, E.: OPACs and JANET : a simple technique for easy user access (1989) 0.01
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    Source
    Program. 23(1989), S.257-268
  12. Breaks, M.: SuperJANET : Library and information services over a gigabit network (1994) 0.01
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    Date
    23. 2.1996 19:41:59
  13. Hinnebusch, M.: Z39.50 at ten years : how stands the standard? (1997) 0.01
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    Source
    Journal of academic librarianship. 23(1997) no.3, S.217-221
  14. Stovel, L.; Fuchs, R.; Chang, J.-W.: RLG's Z39.50 server : development and implementation issues (1993) 0.01
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    Source
    Information technology and libraries. 12(1993) no.2, S.227-230
  15. Carson, S.M.; Freivalds, D.I.: Z39.50 and LIAS : Penn State's experience (1993) 0.01
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    Source
    Information technology and libraries. 12(1993) no.2, S.230-237
  16. Telekommunikation, Internet, Zukunft : ein strategischer Überblick für die Praxis (1996) 0.00
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    Abstract
    Die 10 Hauptkapitel enthalten verständlich geschriebene, aktuelle Übersichten mit vielen Visualisierungen zu aktuellen Fragen der Telekommunikation (zum Beispiel zu neueren Trends, zu kommerziellen Perspektiven des Internets und zu Erfahrungen regionaler Projekte). Das Produkt liefert eine in dieser Form auf dem MArkt nicht verfügbare Übersicht für alle am Thema Interessierten. Er ist besonders nützlich für Praktiker in Unternehmen (Weiterbildung) sowie für Schüler, Lehrer, Studenten und Professoren. Die Dokumente liegen im HTML-Format vor und können auch in den Formaten Winword ab 6.0 und Powerpoint ab 7.0 geladen und weiterverarbeitet werden. Die 10 Kapitel behandeln die Themen: Visionen für die Zukunft, Zukünftige Märkte und Strukturveränderungen, TK-Anbieter und ihre Dienste, Einführungin die Internet-Praxis, Online-Dienste und Internet-Provider, Kommerzielle Perspektiven des Internet, Regionale elektronische Gemeinschaften, Telearbeit als neue Arbeitsform, Politische und rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen, Telekommunikation in der Kritik
  17. Matthews, J.R.; Parker, M.R.: Local Area Networks and Wide Area Networks for libraries (1995) 0.00
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    Date
    30.11.1995 20:53:22
  18. Reiss, L.K.; Merakos, L.F.: Performance analysis of an adaptive bandwidth reservation scheme for ATM virtual path traffic (1996) 0.00
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    Date
    2. 8.1996 19:36:29
  19. Opacs in the UK : JANET-OPACs (1991) 0.00
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    Content
    Beschreibung und Zugangsinformationen von 61 britischen OPACs
  20. Bradley, P.: Towards a common user interface (1995) 0.00
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    Date
    29. 1.1996 19:28:01