-
Hofmann, M.: DFÜ mit dem PC : eine Übersicht über Methoden, Hardware und Software zur Datenkommunikation zwischen PCs (1992)
0.06
0.061506905 = product of:
0.24602762 = sum of:
0.04902446 = weight(_text_:software in 6934) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04902446 = score(doc=6934,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.61363745 = fieldWeight in 6934, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6934)
0.015301661 = weight(_text_:und in 6934) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.015301661 = score(doc=6934,freq=2.0), product of:
0.044633795 = queryWeight, product of:
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.34282678 = fieldWeight in 6934, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6934)
0.04902446 = weight(_text_:software in 6934) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04902446 = score(doc=6934,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.61363745 = fieldWeight in 6934, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6934)
0.08365257 = weight(_text_:methoden in 6934) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.08365257 = score(doc=6934,freq=2.0), product of:
0.10436003 = queryWeight, product of:
5.1821747 = idf(docFreq=674, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.80157673 = fieldWeight in 6934, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.1821747 = idf(docFreq=674, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6934)
0.04902446 = weight(_text_:software in 6934) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04902446 = score(doc=6934,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.61363745 = fieldWeight in 6934, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6934)
0.25 = coord(5/20)
-
Sterbak, R.: ¬Die Mega-Handys : Endgeräte (2001)
0.05
0.05236163 = product of:
0.17453876 = sum of:
0.04202097 = weight(_text_:software in 6118) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04202097 = score(doc=6118,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.525975 = fieldWeight in 6118, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6118)
0.013115709 = weight(_text_:und in 6118) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.013115709 = score(doc=6118,freq=2.0), product of:
0.044633795 = queryWeight, product of:
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.29385152 = fieldWeight in 6118, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6118)
0.04202097 = weight(_text_:software in 6118) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04202097 = score(doc=6118,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.525975 = fieldWeight in 6118, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6118)
0.018840788 = weight(_text_:der in 6118) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.018840788 = score(doc=6118,freq=4.0), product of:
0.044984195 = queryWeight, product of:
2.2337668 = idf(docFreq=12875, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.4188313 = fieldWeight in 6118, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
2.2337668 = idf(docFreq=12875, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6118)
0.016519347 = product of:
0.033038694 = sum of:
0.033038694 = weight(_text_:29 in 6118) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.033038694 = score(doc=6118,freq=2.0), product of:
0.070840135 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.46638384 = fieldWeight in 6118, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6118)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.04202097 = weight(_text_:software in 6118) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04202097 = score(doc=6118,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.525975 = fieldWeight in 6118, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6118)
0.3 = coord(6/20)
- Abstract
- Das Versprechen der grenzenlosen Datenfreiheit kann nur erfüllen, wer dazu geeignete Handys, Displays und Software auf den Markt bringt
- Date
- 31.12.1996 19:29:41
- Source
- Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 2001, H.10, S.79-80
-
Petry, W.; Werner, H.-J.: Anwendertraum: Kommunikations- und Retrieval-Software im Vergleich (1993)
0.05
0.05003081 = product of:
0.20012324 = sum of:
0.056027956 = weight(_text_:software in 4147) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.056027956 = score(doc=4147,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.70129997 = fieldWeight in 4147, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4147)
0.017487612 = weight(_text_:und in 4147) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.017487612 = score(doc=4147,freq=2.0), product of:
0.044633795 = queryWeight, product of:
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.39180204 = fieldWeight in 4147, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4147)
0.056027956 = weight(_text_:software in 4147) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.056027956 = score(doc=4147,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.70129997 = fieldWeight in 4147, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4147)
0.056027956 = weight(_text_:software in 4147) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.056027956 = score(doc=4147,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.70129997 = fieldWeight in 4147, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4147)
0.014551774 = product of:
0.04365532 = sum of:
0.04365532 = weight(_text_:22 in 4147) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04365532 = score(doc=4147,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07052079 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 4147, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4147)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(5/20)
- Source
- Cogito. 9(1993) H.2, S.18-22
-
Birman, K.P.; Renesse, R. van: Software für zuverlässige Netzwerke (1999)
0.04
0.038320463 = product of:
0.19160232 = sum of:
0.059426624 = weight(_text_:software in 3462) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.059426624 = score(doc=3462,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.743841 = fieldWeight in 3462, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3462)
0.059426624 = weight(_text_:software in 3462) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.059426624 = score(doc=3462,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.743841 = fieldWeight in 3462, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3462)
0.013322448 = weight(_text_:der in 3462) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.013322448 = score(doc=3462,freq=2.0), product of:
0.044984195 = queryWeight, product of:
2.2337668 = idf(docFreq=12875, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.29615843 = fieldWeight in 3462, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.2337668 = idf(docFreq=12875, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3462)
0.059426624 = weight(_text_:software in 3462) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.059426624 = score(doc=3462,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.743841 = fieldWeight in 3462, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3462)
0.2 = coord(4/20)
- Series
- Spektrum der Wissenschaft; Dossier 99/2
- Source
- Software
-
Klußmann, N.: Lexikon der Kommunikations- und Informationstechnik : Telekommunikation, Datenkommunikation, Multimedia, Computer (1999)
0.04
0.035070214 = product of:
0.14028086 = sum of:
0.034297217 = weight(_text_:23 in 7096) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.034297217 = score(doc=7096,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.47518367 = fieldWeight in 7096, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=7096)
0.034297217 = weight(_text_:23 in 7096) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.034297217 = score(doc=7096,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.47518367 = fieldWeight in 7096, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=7096)
0.018548414 = weight(_text_:und in 7096) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.018548414 = score(doc=7096,freq=4.0), product of:
0.044633795 = queryWeight, product of:
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.41556883 = fieldWeight in 7096, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=7096)
0.034297217 = weight(_text_:23 in 7096) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.034297217 = score(doc=7096,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.47518367 = fieldWeight in 7096, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=7096)
0.018840788 = weight(_text_:der in 7096) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.018840788 = score(doc=7096,freq=4.0), product of:
0.044984195 = queryWeight, product of:
2.2337668 = idf(docFreq=12875, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.4188313 = fieldWeight in 7096, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
2.2337668 = idf(docFreq=12875, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=7096)
0.25 = coord(5/20)
- Date
- 17. 7.2002 14:59:23
- Issue
- CD-ROM-Ausg. der 2., erw. und aktualisierten Aufl.
-
Freed, L.; Derfler jr, F.J.: Modem und Kommunikation Guide : Entscheidungshilfe, Anwendung, Kommunikations-Software Utilities (1992)
0.03
0.03247501 = product of:
0.16237505 = sum of:
0.04902446 = weight(_text_:software in 7258) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04902446 = score(doc=7258,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.61363745 = fieldWeight in 7258, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=7258)
0.015301661 = weight(_text_:und in 7258) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.015301661 = score(doc=7258,freq=2.0), product of:
0.044633795 = queryWeight, product of:
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.34282678 = fieldWeight in 7258, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=7258)
0.04902446 = weight(_text_:software in 7258) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04902446 = score(doc=7258,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.61363745 = fieldWeight in 7258, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=7258)
0.04902446 = weight(_text_:software in 7258) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04902446 = score(doc=7258,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.61363745 = fieldWeight in 7258, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=7258)
0.2 = coord(4/20)
-
Andresen, L.: Z39.50 update (2000)
0.03
0.029102156 = product of:
0.19401437 = sum of:
0.06467146 = weight(_text_:23 in 482) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.06467146 = score(doc=482,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.8960149 = fieldWeight in 482, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=482)
0.06467146 = weight(_text_:23 in 482) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.06467146 = score(doc=482,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.8960149 = fieldWeight in 482, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=482)
0.06467146 = weight(_text_:23 in 482) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.06467146 = score(doc=482,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.8960149 = fieldWeight in 482, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=482)
0.15 = coord(3/20)
- Date
- 17. 8.1996 12:01:23
- Source
- DF Revy. 23(2000) no.2, S.48-50
-
¬Die 50 besten Tips zur neuen Software : T-Online 2.0, Netscape Navigator, Microsoft Internet-Explorer (1997)
0.03
0.02851645 = product of:
0.14258225 = sum of:
0.04202097 = weight(_text_:software in 353) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04202097 = score(doc=353,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.525975 = fieldWeight in 353, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=353)
0.04202097 = weight(_text_:software in 353) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04202097 = score(doc=353,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.525975 = fieldWeight in 353, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=353)
0.016519347 = product of:
0.033038694 = sum of:
0.033038694 = weight(_text_:29 in 353) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.033038694 = score(doc=353,freq=2.0), product of:
0.070840135 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.46638384 = fieldWeight in 353, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=353)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.04202097 = weight(_text_:software in 353) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04202097 = score(doc=353,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.525975 = fieldWeight in 353, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=353)
0.2 = coord(4/20)
- Date
- 1. 8.1997 14:03:29
-
Farooqui, K.; Logrippo, L.; Meer, J.de: ¬The ISO reference model for open distributed processing : an introduction (1995)
0.03
0.025534643 = product of:
0.12767321 = sum of:
0.029713312 = weight(_text_:software in 3209) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.029713312 = score(doc=3209,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.3719205 = fieldWeight in 3209, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3209)
0.029713312 = weight(_text_:software in 3209) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.029713312 = score(doc=3209,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.3719205 = fieldWeight in 3209, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3209)
0.029713312 = weight(_text_:software in 3209) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.029713312 = score(doc=3209,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.3719205 = fieldWeight in 3209, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3209)
0.038533263 = product of:
0.077066526 = sum of:
0.077066526 = weight(_text_:engineering in 3209) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.077066526 = score(doc=3209,freq=8.0), product of:
0.10819342 = queryWeight, product of:
5.372528 = idf(docFreq=557, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.7123033 = fieldWeight in 3209, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
5.372528 = idf(docFreq=557, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3209)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.2 = coord(4/20)
- Abstract
- The IOS rererence model of open distributed processing (RM-ODP) consists of: an overview of the reference model, the descriptive model, the prescriptive model, and the architectural semantics. They provide the concepts and rules of distributed processing to ensure openness between interacting distributed application components. Openness is a combination of characteristics: accessibility, heterogeneity, autonomy and distribution. The RM-ODP introduces the concept of viewpoint to describe a system from a particular set of concerns, and hence to deal with the complexity of distributed systems. While all the viewpoints are relevant to the description and design of distributed systems, the computational and engineering models are the ones that bear most directly on the design and implementation of distributed systems. From a distributes software engineering point of view, the computational and engineering viewpoints are again the most important; they reflect the software structure of the distributed application most closely. Concentrates on the computational and engineering viewpoints
-
Glas, J.; Grimm, U.: TCP/IP Software (1994)
0.03
0.025212582 = product of:
0.16808388 = sum of:
0.056027956 = weight(_text_:software in 4691) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.056027956 = score(doc=4691,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.70129997 = fieldWeight in 4691, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4691)
0.056027956 = weight(_text_:software in 4691) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.056027956 = score(doc=4691,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.70129997 = fieldWeight in 4691, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4691)
0.056027956 = weight(_text_:software in 4691) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.056027956 = score(doc=4691,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.70129997 = fieldWeight in 4691, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4691)
0.15 = coord(3/20)
-
Kittle, P.: Remote control software : online from micro to micro (1989)
0.03
0.025212582 = product of:
0.16808388 = sum of:
0.056027956 = weight(_text_:software in 7719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.056027956 = score(doc=7719,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.70129997 = fieldWeight in 7719, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=7719)
0.056027956 = weight(_text_:software in 7719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.056027956 = score(doc=7719,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.70129997 = fieldWeight in 7719, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=7719)
0.056027956 = weight(_text_:software in 7719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.056027956 = score(doc=7719,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.70129997 = fieldWeight in 7719, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=7719)
0.15 = coord(3/20)
-
Gronert, E.: Datenkommunikation mit dem PC : Modems, PC-Fax, Btx, Elektronische Post, Software, ISDN - PCs im praktischen Einsatz (1992)
0.02
0.022061007 = product of:
0.14707337 = sum of:
0.04902446 = weight(_text_:software in 2907) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04902446 = score(doc=2907,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.61363745 = fieldWeight in 2907, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=2907)
0.04902446 = weight(_text_:software in 2907) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04902446 = score(doc=2907,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.61363745 = fieldWeight in 2907, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=2907)
0.04902446 = weight(_text_:software in 2907) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04902446 = score(doc=2907,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.61363745 = fieldWeight in 2907, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=2907)
0.15 = coord(3/20)
-
Werner, H.-J.: ¬Die Werkzeuge liegen bereit : Infoface - eine neue Benutzeroberfläche oder ein neues Retrieval-Software-Konzept? (1993)
0.02
0.022061007 = product of:
0.14707337 = sum of:
0.04902446 = weight(_text_:software in 5680) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04902446 = score(doc=5680,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.61363745 = fieldWeight in 5680, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5680)
0.04902446 = weight(_text_:software in 5680) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04902446 = score(doc=5680,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.61363745 = fieldWeight in 5680, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5680)
0.04902446 = weight(_text_:software in 5680) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04902446 = score(doc=5680,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.61363745 = fieldWeight in 5680, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5680)
0.15 = coord(3/20)
-
Deussen, N.: Sogar der Mars könnte bald eine virutelle Heimat bekommen : Gut 4,2 Milliarden sind nicht genug: Die sechste Version des Internet-Protokolls schafft viele zusätzliche Online-Adressen (2001)
0.02
0.021331541 = product of:
0.06094726 = sum of:
0.008754368 = weight(_text_:software in 5729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.008754368 = score(doc=5729,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.10957812 = fieldWeight in 5729, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=5729)
0.009062476 = weight(_text_:und in 5729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.009062476 = score(doc=5729,freq=22.0), product of:
0.044633795 = queryWeight, product of:
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.20304069 = fieldWeight in 5729, product of:
4.690416 = tf(freq=22.0), with freq of:
22.0 = termFreq=22.0
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=5729)
0.008754368 = weight(_text_:software in 5729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.008754368 = score(doc=5729,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.10957812 = fieldWeight in 5729, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=5729)
0.014152382 = weight(_text_:der in 5729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.014152382 = score(doc=5729,freq=52.0), product of:
0.044984195 = queryWeight, product of:
2.2337668 = idf(docFreq=12875, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.31460786 = fieldWeight in 5729, product of:
7.2111025 = tf(freq=52.0), with freq of:
52.0 = termFreq=52.0
2.2337668 = idf(docFreq=12875, maxDocs=44218)
0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=5729)
0.0034415307 = product of:
0.0068830615 = sum of:
0.0068830615 = weight(_text_:29 in 5729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0068830615 = score(doc=5729,freq=2.0), product of:
0.070840135 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.097163305 = fieldWeight in 5729, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=5729)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.008754368 = weight(_text_:software in 5729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.008754368 = score(doc=5729,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.10957812 = fieldWeight in 5729, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=5729)
0.008027764 = product of:
0.016055528 = sum of:
0.016055528 = weight(_text_:engineering in 5729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.016055528 = score(doc=5729,freq=2.0), product of:
0.10819342 = queryWeight, product of:
5.372528 = idf(docFreq=557, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.14839652 = fieldWeight in 5729, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.372528 = idf(docFreq=557, maxDocs=44218)
0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=5729)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.35 = coord(7/20)
- Abstract
- In der Virtualität wird's eng. Die Möglichkeiten des Scheinbaren sind anscheinend ausgereizt. Es mangelt bald an InternetAdressen. Wenn WhirIpools und Wasclunaschinen ihren eigenen Zugang zum Internet brauchen, wird der Vorrat an Kennzahlen knapp. Um dem drohenden Mangel zu begegnen, wird seit Jahren an einer überarbeiteten Fassung des Internet-Protokolls (IP) gebastelt. Doch die Neuauflage hat bis auf ein paar Testläufe - bisher ihren Weg ins Netz noch nicht gefunden. Für Aufregung sorgte sie dennoch bereits: wegen Datenschutzproblemen. Für die Kommunikation zwischen Computern im Internet gibt es eine Art Knigge. Die protokollarische Vorschrift legt fest; wie die Rechner Daten untereinander austauschen. Doch zuvor brauchen die Maschinen Namen (wie www.fr-aktuell.de) und Anschriften (hier: 194.175.173.20), damit sie sich einander vorstellen (Shake Hands) und später Daten schicken können. Vergeben werden die Bezeichnungen von der Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers Icann). Den ersten Vorschlag für eine einheitliche Übergaberegelung machten Bob Kahn und Vint Cerf im Jahr 1974. Damals versuchten im inzwischen legendären, militärisch genutzten Arpanet kaum tausend Großrechner an etwa 250 Standorten miteinander zu kommunizieren. Um Ordnung in das Sprachengewirr der verschiedenen Bautypen zu bringen, mussten Regeln her. Die Idee entwickelte sich zum Protokoll, das nach Informatik-Manier mit dem Kürzel TCP/IP belegt wurde. Mit etwa 100000 angeschlossenen Computern wurde das Netz 1983 zivil - und TCP/IP zum offiziellen Standard. Derzeit regelt die vierte Version des Internet-Protokolls (IPv4) den Bit-Transport. Die Adresse wird jedem Datenpaket vorangestellt. Sie besteht aus Ziffern und ist exakt 32 Bit lang. Daraus ergeben sich mehr als 4,2 Milliarden Zahlenkombinationen. Genug für einen Globus, auf dem erst kürzlich der sechsmilliardste Erdenbürger das Licht der realen Welt erblickte - dachten die Computer-Operateure damals. Dann kam das World Wide Web.
Der Geniestreich aus dem Europäischen Labor für Teilchenphysik (Cern) in Genf machte aus dem Wissenschaftsnetz ein Massenmedium. Zudem erfuhr die elektronische Post einen Aufschwung. Das Wachstum der Netze sprengt alle Erwartungen", resümiert Klaus Birkenbihl vom InformatikForschungszentrum GMI). Jede Web-Site, jede E-Mail-Box, jeder Computer, der per Standleitung online ist, braucht eine eindeutige Identifizierung. Die Schätzungen, wie viele IPv4-Adressen noch frei sind, schwanken zwischen 40 und zehn Prozent. Der Verbrauch jedenfalls steigt rasant: Die Anzahl der WebSites steuert derzeit auf eine Milliarde zu, weit mehr Netznummern gehen bereits für E-Mail-Anschriften drauf. Den Adressraum weiter ausschöpfen werden demnächst die intelligenten Haushaltsgeräte. Der Laden an der Ecke will wissen, welcher Kühlschrank die Milch bestellt hat, die Videozentrale braucht für das Überspielen des Films die Kennung des PC-Recorders, der Computer des Installateurs benötigt die IP-Anschrift der Heizungsanlage für die Fernwartung. Handys, die später Nachrichten übers Internet schicken, und Internet-Telefonie gehen möglicherweise leer aus. Doch bevor Internet-Adressen zur heiß begehrten Schieberware werden, soll ein neues Adresssystern mit mehr Möglichkeiten her. Schon 1990 hatte sich die Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Gedanken über einen neues Internet-Protokoll mit einem größeren Adressangebot gemacht. Im IETF kümmern sich Forscher, Soft- und HardwareIngenieure um die fortlaufende Verbesserung von Architektur und Arbeit des Netz werks. Eine ihrer Arbeitsgruppen prognostizierte, der IPv4-Vorrat gehe 2005 zu Ende. Fünf Jahre dauerte es, dann waren sich alle Internet-Gremien einig: Eine neue Protokollversion, IPv6, muss her. Dann passierte weiter nichts. Endlich verkündete 1999 Josh Elliot von der Icann, ab sofort würden neue Anschriften verteilt. Ein historischer Moment", freute er sich.
Der neue 128-Bit-Header treibt die Möglichkeiten ins Astronomische: 3,4 mal zehn hoch 38 Adressen, eine 3,4 mit 38 Nullen. -Das IPv6-Forum zerhackte den Zahlentrumm in anschauliche Stücke: Pro Quadratmillimeter Erdoberfläche stehen nun zirka 667 Billiarden, pro Mensch 6,5 mal zehn hoch 28 Adressen, bereit." Eine Billiarde bringt es immerhin auf respektable 15 Nullen. Schon kurz darauf ging ein Aufschrei durch die Netzgemeinde. Das neue Protokoll schrieb die weltweit eindeutigen Seriennummern bestimmter Netzwerkkarten auf den virtuellen Adressaufkleber. Die Ethernet-Adapter bewerkstelligen den Datentransport bei Computern, die über eine Standleitung, ein Koaxialkabel, dauernd online sind. Die Spur von Ethernet-Usern wäre damit leicht zu verfolgen gewesen, ihre Nutzerprofile, ihre Surfgewohnheiten einsehbar wie offene Bücher. Das Problem, ließ Icann nun wissen, sei behoben: Es gebe keine festen Kennzahlen mehr in den Adressköpfen. Bei jedem Hochfahren eines Rechners oder sogar noch öfter werden die Nummern neu durchgemischt", erläutert Hans Petter Dittler, stellvertretender Vorsitzender der deutschen Sektion der Internet Society. Das Betriebssystem Linux kann bereits mit dem IPv6 arbeiten. Microsoft will den Standard in das nächste Windows-Betriebssystem einbauen: "Wir denken, der vorgeschlagene Standard ist wichtig zum Schutz der Privatsphäre der Internet-Nutzer", sagt Jawad Khaki, Vizepräsident für Netzwerke. Seit einigen Tagen steht auf der Microsoft-Homepage eine Vorab-Version von lPv6 für Windows 2000 zum Herunterladen bereit. Geradezu euphorisch gibt sich Protokoll-Chef Vint Cerf. Mit IPv6 haben wir die Grundlage dafür", philosophierte der Internet-Daddy auf dem ersten lPv6-Kongress 1999 in Berlin, "das Internet von unserem Planeten über den Mars und die Asteroiden bis in den Weltraum hinaus auszudehnen." Doch im Internet-Alltag wird das alte Protokoll noch lange Vorrang haben. Grund sind handfeste Programmier-Probleme. Denn Software, die sich explizit auf die vierte IP-Version bezieht, muss umgeschrieben werden - etwa um mit den längeren Adressfeldern umgehen zu können. Hubert Martens vom Münchner Multinet Services befürchtet gar einen InternetCrash: "Das Jahr-2000-Problem war harmlos gegen das, was uns mit lPv6 droht."
- Source
- Frankfurter Rundschau. Nr.79 vom 3.4.2001, S.29
-
Corey, J.F.: ¬A grant for Z39.50 (1994)
0.02
0.018909436 = product of:
0.1260629 = sum of:
0.04202097 = weight(_text_:software in 7706) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04202097 = score(doc=7706,freq=8.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.525975 = fieldWeight in 7706, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=7706)
0.04202097 = weight(_text_:software in 7706) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04202097 = score(doc=7706,freq=8.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.525975 = fieldWeight in 7706, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=7706)
0.04202097 = weight(_text_:software in 7706) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04202097 = score(doc=7706,freq=8.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.525975 = fieldWeight in 7706, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=7706)
0.15 = coord(3/20)
- Abstract
- In Sept. 1990, the US Dept. of Education's Library Technology and Cooperation Grants Program awarded a three-year grant to the Florida Center for Library Automation (FCLA), an agency of the Florida State University System, to develop software adhering to the ANSI Z39.50 Information Retrieval protocol standard. The Z39.50 software was to operate over the OSI communications protocols and be integrated with FCLA's NOTIS system, which is shared by all 9 state universities in Florida. In order to test the correctness of its Z39.50 software, FCLA sought out other library software developers who would be willing to develop Z39.50 systems of their own. As part of this process, FCLA helped to found the Z39.50 Implementor's Group (ZIG), which has since gone on to improve the standard and promote Z39.50 implementations throughout much of the North American library systems marketplace. Early on in the project, it became apparent that TCP/IP would be a more heavily used communication vehicle for Z39.50 messages than OSI. FCLA expanded its design to include TCP/IP and, by the end of the grant in Sept. 1993, will have a working Z39.50 system that can communicate over both OSI and TCP/IP networks
-
bay/mo: ¬Das Internet holt die Telefonwelt ein : Plaudern über die Datenleitung interessiert viele Cebit-Besucher - die Technik hilft, Geld zu sparen und treibt den Wettbewerb an (2004)
0.02
0.018640622 = product of:
0.062135406 = sum of:
0.010505242 = weight(_text_:software in 2170) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.010505242 = score(doc=2170,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.13149375 = fieldWeight in 2170, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=2170)
0.009836782 = weight(_text_:und in 2170) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.009836782 = score(doc=2170,freq=18.0), product of:
0.044633795 = queryWeight, product of:
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.22038865 = fieldWeight in 2170, product of:
4.2426405 = tf(freq=18.0), with freq of:
18.0 = termFreq=18.0
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=2170)
0.010505242 = weight(_text_:software in 2170) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.010505242 = score(doc=2170,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.13149375 = fieldWeight in 2170, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=2170)
0.01665306 = weight(_text_:der in 2170) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.01665306 = score(doc=2170,freq=50.0), product of:
0.044984195 = queryWeight, product of:
2.2337668 = idf(docFreq=12875, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.37019804 = fieldWeight in 2170, product of:
7.071068 = tf(freq=50.0), with freq of:
50.0 = termFreq=50.0
2.2337668 = idf(docFreq=12875, maxDocs=44218)
0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=2170)
0.004129837 = product of:
0.008259674 = sum of:
0.008259674 = weight(_text_:29 in 2170) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.008259674 = score(doc=2170,freq=2.0), product of:
0.070840135 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.11659596 = fieldWeight in 2170, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=2170)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.010505242 = weight(_text_:software in 2170) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.010505242 = score(doc=2170,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.13149375 = fieldWeight in 2170, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=2170)
0.3 = coord(6/20)
- Content
- "Wenn Telefongesellschaften ihre Netze auf das Übertragungsprinzip des Internets umstellen - warum sollte man dann nicht gleich die Datenleitungen zum Telefonieren verwenden? Eine naheliegender Gedanke, der auf der Cebit viele Besucher begeistert. Voice over IP, die technische Bezeichnung des Verfahrens, hat sich unvorhergesehen zu einem Trend der Messe entwickelt. Erste Angebote, mit denen Privatleute unter Umständen ihre Telefonrechnung senken könne, liegen vor. Richtig los gehen wird es wohl erst im Sommer. Mit Voice over IP kann der herkömmliche Telefonkanal entfallen. Nötig ist nur die breitbandige DSL-Leitung. Über die geht die Sprache in From von Datenpaketen zum Internetprovider. Der prüft in einer Kartei, ob der Angerufene ebenfalls per Datenleitung erreichbar ist. Falls ja, stellt er das Gespräch durch - in der Regel kostenlos, weil nur das interne Netz benötigt wird. Ist der Partner nur analog oder per ISDN angebunden, leitet der Anbieter das Gespräch ins herkömmliche Netz weiter - und verlangt dafür zeitbezogene Preise. Die liegen zumindest für nationale Festnetzverbindungen meistens unter denen der Deutschen Telekom. Allerdings ist die Umleitung bei manchen Anbietern noch teurer als Telefonate mit Call-by-call-Sparvorwahlen. - Eigene Vorwahl geplant - Die Regulierungsbehörde für Telekommunikation und Post reagiert auf die Aufbruchstimmung. Die Behörde schlägt eine Nummerngasse für "innovative Services" vor. IP-Telefonierer können daher noch für dieses Jahr damit rechnen, eine ortsunabhängige Vorwahl zu bekommen. Bisher behilft sich der Anbieter Indigo Networks für sein Projekt Sipgate mit Rufnummern aus Düsseldorf, Essen, Hamburg, Nürnberg, London und Reading. Kunden haben, unabhängig vom Wohnort, die freie Wahl.
Die Anbieter setzen auf unterschiedliche Hardware-Konzepte. Für Sipgate müssen die Kunden etwa ein spezielles IP-Telefon für 100 Euro kaufen. Zudem benötigen sie einen DSL-Router, um Telefon und Computer gleichzeitig verwenden zu können. Die Installation gestaltet sich schwierig, wenn der Router gleichzeitig mit einer Firewall-Komponente Viren- und Hackerangriffe aus dem Internet stoppen will - denn die User müssen diese Funktion für die Leitung zum IP-Telefon ausschalten. Beim Provider Freenet klappt das Telefonieren ohne Extrageräte: Wer plaudern will, verwendet eine Software am Computer, Mikrofon und Kopfhörer. Gewichtiger Nachteil dabei: Um erreichbar zu sein, muss der Rechner stets angeschaltet bleiben. Ein Anruf ins Festnetz kostet über die Hamburger deutschlandweit einen Cent je Minute, zum Handy 19 Cent. Gespräche zu anderen "iPhone"-Kunden sind frei. Eine bequeme Lösung stellt der Berliner Hersteller AVM auf der Cebit aus: Die "Fritz Box Fon" ist DSL-Modem, Router und Voice-over-IP-Telefonanlage in einem. Daran lassen sich zwei analoge Telefone anschließen. Wird das Gerät zusätzlich mit einem ISDN-Anschluss verbunden, können Anrufer mit einem Nummerncode auf Wunsch die herkömmliche Telefonverbindung anfordern - etwa wenn die am Sonntag kostenlos sind. Freenet will die AVM-Box vermarkten, auch der Montabaurer Provider 1 & 1 setzt auf sie. Interessant kann die Datentelefonie auch für unterwegs werden. Denn die Softwarelösungen laufen in Kürze auch auf den kleinen elektronischen Assistenten (PDA). Die gehen dann per Wireless LAN online. Die Mobilfunkbetreiber, die UMTS verkaufen wollen, wird das nicht freuen. Zumal mit 1&1 Deutschlands zweitgrößter DSL-Provider (bezogen auf die Kundenzahl) in Hannover ankündigt, seine Breitbandnutzer könnten bald von ausgewählten Stellen aus zehn Stunden pro Monat kostenlos über die Funktechnik ins Internet gehen. Das Telekommunikationsunternehmen Arcor hat ähnliche Pläne.
- Unerwartete Konkurrenz - Betreiber von Datennetzen wie Broadnet Mediascape sehen in Voice over IP eine Chance, an Privatkunden heranzukommen. Die Hamburger werben auf der Cebit mit Preisvorteilen für ihr DSL-Paket samt Datentelefonie - verglichen mit einem DSLAnschluss der Deutschen Telekom zuzüglich der Gebühren für den pauschal berechneten Internetzugang mit T-Online. Wie beispielsweise auch der Kölner Anbieter QSC mietet der Provider dazu das letzte Kabelstück zum Festpreis von der Deutschen Telekom und setzt in den Privatwohnungen eine eigene Anschlussdose. Damit könnte die Datentelefonie unverhofft den Wettbewerb auf dem Telekommunikationsmarkt beleben. "Wenn mehr Provider solche Angebote machen, muss sich die Telekom warm anziehen% sagt Ulrich Abend von bei IpTel, einer Ausgliederung der Fraunhofer Gesellschaft. Wohl vor allem wegen der neuartigen Konkurrenz aus dem Internet denkt der magentafarbene Marktführer über einen Optionstarif nach, bei dem ein einstündiges Gespräch pauschal zehn Cent kosten soll."
- Date
- 29. 3.2004 14:18:01
-
LeVan, R.R.: Dublin Core and Z39.50 (2001)
0.02
0.015433748 = product of:
0.102891654 = sum of:
0.034297217 = weight(_text_:23 in 1047) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.034297217 = score(doc=1047,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.47518367 = fieldWeight in 1047, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1047)
0.034297217 = weight(_text_:23 in 1047) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.034297217 = score(doc=1047,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.47518367 = fieldWeight in 1047, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1047)
0.034297217 = weight(_text_:23 in 1047) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.034297217 = score(doc=1047,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.47518367 = fieldWeight in 1047, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1047)
0.15 = coord(3/20)
- Date
- 11. 2.1997 20:11:23
-
Hickey, T.B.: ¬A Java Z39.50 Client for Browsing Large Databases (2001)
0.02
0.015433748 = product of:
0.102891654 = sum of:
0.034297217 = weight(_text_:23 in 1051) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.034297217 = score(doc=1051,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.47518367 = fieldWeight in 1051, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1051)
0.034297217 = weight(_text_:23 in 1051) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.034297217 = score(doc=1051,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.47518367 = fieldWeight in 1051, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1051)
0.034297217 = weight(_text_:23 in 1051) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.034297217 = score(doc=1051,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.47518367 = fieldWeight in 1051, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1051)
0.15 = coord(3/20)
- Date
- 11. 2.1997 20:11:23
-
Lexikon der Datenkommunikation : [traditionelle Techniken: Ethernet, Token Ring; Highspeed Networking: Gigabit Ethernet, ATM, LAN-Switching; Trends: Virtual LAN, VPN, xDSL-Techniken] (1999)
0.01
0.013573121 = product of:
0.09048747 = sum of:
0.06991998 = weight(_text_:monographien in 1636) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.06991998 = score(doc=1636,freq=4.0), product of:
0.13425075 = queryWeight, product of:
6.666449 = idf(docFreq=152, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.5208163 = fieldWeight in 1636, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
6.666449 = idf(docFreq=152, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1636)
0.009465448 = weight(_text_:und in 1636) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.009465448 = score(doc=1636,freq=6.0), product of:
0.044633795 = queryWeight, product of:
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.21206908 = fieldWeight in 1636, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1636)
0.01110204 = weight(_text_:der in 1636) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.01110204 = score(doc=1636,freq=8.0), product of:
0.044984195 = queryWeight, product of:
2.2337668 = idf(docFreq=12875, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.2467987 = fieldWeight in 1636, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
2.2337668 = idf(docFreq=12875, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1636)
0.15 = coord(3/20)
- Abstract
- Ob Newcomer oder Experte: für den DV-Profi, der bei zunehmender Spezialisierung nicht den Überblick verlieren will, ist dieses Buch zu ein nützliches und wertvollens Nachschlagewerk bei der täglichen Arbeit. Ausführliche und detailgenau Begriffserklärungen finden sich u. a. zu folgenden zentralen Themen der Datenkommunikation: - die klassischen Netze: Ethernet, Token Ring, FDD - Highspeed Networking: Fast Ethernet, 100 VGAnyLAN, Frame Relay, Segment Switching, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) - Internetworking, Virtual LANs - Online-Dienste - Internet, Intranet
- Classification
- ST 200 Informatik / Monographien / Vernetzung, verteilte Systeme / Allgemeines, Netzmanagement
- Issue
- 5., aktualisierte und erw. Aufl.
- RVK
- ST 200 Informatik / Monographien / Vernetzung, verteilte Systeme / Allgemeines, Netzmanagement
-
Bell, S.J.: Providing remote access to CD-ROMs : some practical advice (1993)
0.01
0.012606291 = product of:
0.08404194 = sum of:
0.028013978 = weight(_text_:software in 3748) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028013978 = score(doc=3748,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.35064998 = fieldWeight in 3748, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3748)
0.028013978 = weight(_text_:software in 3748) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028013978 = score(doc=3748,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.35064998 = fieldWeight in 3748, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3748)
0.028013978 = weight(_text_:software in 3748) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028013978 = score(doc=3748,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.35064998 = fieldWeight in 3748, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3748)
0.15 = coord(3/20)
- Abstract
- Discusses the factors influencing remote access to CD-ROMs: how many CD-ROM workstations are located at the place of work (single or multiple workstations); whether a PC or a CD-ROM LAN is in operation; what level of security is needed in the organisation; how many remote users need to be accomodated; and the level of software sophistication present in the staff of the organisation
