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  • × author_ss:"Krause, J."
  1. Hellweg, H.; Krause, J.; Mandl, T.; Marx, J.; Müller, M.N.O.; Mutschke, P.; Strötgen, R.: Treatment of semantic heterogeneity in information retrieval (2001) 0.06 
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    Abstract
    Nowadays, users of information services are faced with highly decentralised, heterogeneous document sources with different content analysis. Semantic heterogeneity occurs e.g. when resources using different systems for content description are searched using a simple query system. This report describes several approaches of handling semantic heterogeneity used in projects of the German Social Science Information Centre
    Footnote
    Der vollständige Text steht unter http://www.gesis.org/Publikationen/Berichte/IZ_Arbeitsberichte/ als PDF-Datei zur Verfügung
    Series
    IZ-Arbeitsbericht; Nr.23
  2. Krause, J.: Heterogenität und Integration : Zur Weiterentwicklung von Inhaltserschließung und Retrieval in sich veränderten Kontexten (2001) 0.06 
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    Abstract
    As an important support tool in science research, specialized information systems are rapidly changing their character. The potential for improvement compared with today's usual systems is enormous. This fact will be demonstrated by means of two problem complexes: - WWW search engines, which were developed without any government grants, are increasingly dominating the scene. Does the WWW displace information centers with their high quality databases? What are the results we can get nowadays using general WWW search engines? - In addition to the WWW and specialized databases, scientists now use WWW library catalogues of digital libraries, which combine the catalogues from an entire region or a country. At the same time, however, they are faced with highly decentralized heterogeneous databases which contain the widest range of textual sources and data, e.g. from surveys. One consequence is the presence of serious inconsistencies in quality, relevance and content analysis. Thus, the main problem to be solved is as follows: users must be supplied with heterogeneous data from different sources, modalities and content development processes via a visual user interface without inconsistencies in content development, for example, seriously impairing the quality of the search results, e. g. when phrasing their search inquiry in the terminology to which they are accustomed
    Series
    Tagungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis; 4
    Source
    Information Research & Content Management: Orientierung, Ordnung und Organisation im Wissensmarkt; 23. DGI-Online-Tagung der DGI und 53. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis e.V. DGI, Frankfurt am Main, 8.-10.5.2001. Proceedings. Hrsg.: R. Schmidt
  3. Krause, J.: Information in den Sozialwissenschaften (2004) 0.06 
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    Abstract
    Die Informationswissenschaft, die sich am klarsten über ihren Informationsbegriff von ihren Nachbardisziplinen absetzt, ist ausgehend von der Zeit ihrer fruchtbarsten Definitionsphase in den siebziger und achtziger Jahren eng mit den Sozialwissenschaften verbunden. Welches ihr Anteil an der Informationswissenschaft ist, und - umgekehrt - wie der Informationsbegriff und die damit verbundenen Problemstellungen sich in den heutigen Sozialwissenschaften-vor allem in der Soziologie -widerspiegeln, das soll im Folgenden geklärt werden. Wersig dient hierbei als Ausgangspunkt. Er behandelte mit seiner Informationssoziologie vor dreißig Jahren - wenn auch sehr zeitbezogen-bis heute gültige Weichenstellungen. Für eine Sicht aus dem Blickwinkel der Soziologie bietet sich die Diskussion um die Informationsgesellschaft an, die mit Castells den bisher klarsten theoretisch-methodischen Ausdruck fand. Im Kern geht es bei diesen Fragen immer um den "praktischsten" und ertragreichsten Blickwinkel auf die Gestaltung von Informationssystemen und deren Folgen für uns alle, die wir die Gesellschaft im soziologischen Sinn bilden. Es geht aber auch um wissenschaftsorganisatorische Ansprüche und Abgrenzungen. Gegenüber der technischen und informationstheoretischen Sicht auf Information verwenden Informationswissenschaftler kommunikative Vorgänge als Ausgangspunkt einer Begriffsklärung (von Daten, Information, Wissen) und definieren für Information einen "pragmatischen Primat", um für ihren zentralen Begriff einen eigenständigen Ansatz als Leitprinzip der Forschung zu gewinnen. Information im Sinne der Informationswissenschaft entsteht erst benutzerseitig in einer spezifischen Anwendungssituation (vgl. Kap. A 1). Kuhlen, auf den die programmatische Formel "Information ist Wissen in Aktion" zurückgeht, weist darauf hin, dass die Informationswissenschaft "claims to reflect upon the use of information in social environments". Er will "people make sensitive to the fact that information is, above and beyond its technical or computational aspects, a social phenomenon". Aber was genau soll das bedeuten, vor allem für die praktische Entwicklungs- und Forschungsarbeit? Wo hört die Informationswissenschaft auf und wo beginnen die Sozialwissenschaften, speziell die Soziologie? Wie lassen sich ihre fachspezifischen Sichtweisen der Informationsgesellschaft aufeinander beziehen?
    Date
    5. 4.2013 10:23:42
    Source
    Grundlagen der praktischen Information und Dokumentation. 5., völlig neu gefaßte Ausgabe. 2 Bde. Hrsg. von R. Kuhlen, Th. Seeger u. D. Strauch. Begründet von Klaus Laisiepen, Ernst Lutterbeck, Karl-Heinrich Meyer-Uhlenried. Bd.1: Handbuch zur Einführung in die Informationswissenschaft und -praxis
  4. Krause, J.: Metaphern versus visual formalisms : zwei konträre Gestaltungskonzepte für visuelle Benutzungsoberflächen? (1996) 0.03 
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    Date
    23. 1.1999 19:48:20
  5. Krause, J.: Software-Ergonomie (2004) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Menschen- versus Technikzentrierung ist die eigentliche Leitlinie, die das Aufkommen der Ergonomie als wissenschaftliche Disziplin bestimmte. Die industrielle Revolution hatte mit ihrem ökonomiefördernden Einsatz von Maschinen dazu geführt, dass Menschen nur noch Lücken füllten, die die technologischen Werkzeuge offen ließen. Die Maschinen standen im Vordergrund, der Arbeitnehmer hatte sich anzupassen. Die Folgen traten als gesundheitliche Schädigungen zutage. Deshalb begann man über Gestaltungsrichtlinien für die Bedienung der technischen Werkzeuge und den Ablauf der Arbeitsprozesse nachzudenken und sie zum Schutz der Menschen rechtsverbindlich festzulegen. Mit dem Aufkommen der Computer wurden diese Überlegungen auf die neuen Werkzeuge übertragen (Hardware-Ergonomie). Die klassische Software-Ergonomie (international human factors-Forschung) tat dann im Kern nichts anderes, als den Schutzgedanken vom Körper auf den Geist des Menschen, von den anthropometrischen und psychologischen Faktoren auf die menschliche Informationsverarbeitung auszudehnen. Arbeitswissenschaft, Psychologie und Informatik verbinden sich zu einem neuen Wissenschaftsfeld, das den Menschen zum Ausgangspunkt nimmt, nicht die Technik. Negative Auswirkungen wie unnötige geistige Belastungen, hoher Einarbeitungsaufwand, erzwungenes Arbeiten gegen die gewohnten und natürlichen Arbeitsweisen, sinnlose Teilarbeiten als Anpassung an programmtechnische Effizienzüberlegungen, geistige Fließbandarbeit und ähnliches sollen vermieden werden. Benutzerfreundlichkeit und Effizienz der Bedienung werden zu Kernbegriffen der Softwareergonomie. Nicht der Mensch soll sich an den Computer anpassen, sondern der Computer an die Bedürfnisse, Fähigkeiten und Eigenschaften des Menschen. Auch wenn die Softwareergonomie erst in den achtziger Jahren stärker Fuß fasst, induziert durch das Paradigma der grafischen Benutzungsoberflächen, gibt es bereits 20 Jahre vorher ein eigenständiges Paradigma, das die Forderung nach einem benutzerfreundlichen Zugang nicht visuell-grafisch, sondern sprachlich interpretiert, die natürlichsprachlichen Benutzungsoberflächen. Sie entstanden schwerpunktmäßig in einer eigenen Teildisziplin, der Computerlinguistik, wurden aber schon immer auch der human factors-Forschung zugeordnet.
    Source
    Grundlagen der praktischen Information und Dokumentation. 5., völlig neu gefaßte Ausgabe. 2 Bde. Hrsg. von R. Kuhlen, Th. Seeger u. D. Strauch. Begründet von Klaus Laisiepen, Ernst Lutterbeck, Karl-Heinrich Meyer-Uhlenried. Bd.1: Handbuch zur Einführung in die Informationswissenschaft und -praxis
  6. Krause, J.: Standardisierung und Heterogenität (2004) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Standardisierung und Normierung sind einer der Grundpfeiler traditioneller Inhaltserschließung von Bibliotheken und fachbezogenen Informationszentren. Metadaten-Aktivitäten wie die Dublin Core Initiative greifen diese grundsätzliche Vorgehensweise für das WWW in erneuerter Form auf. Sie bildet auch das Fundament des Paradigmas von "Publizieren im Web". Gleichzeitig gibt es aber klare Anzeichen dafür, dass die traditionellen Verfahren der Standardisierung und Normierung an ihre Grenzen stoßen. Für digitale Bibliotheken muss deshalb vor allem für die Inhaltserschließung eine neue Sichtweise auf die Forderung nach Konsistenzerhaltung und Interoperabilität gefunden werden. Sie lässt sich durch die folgende Prämisse umschreiben: Standardisierung ist von der verbleibenden Heterogenität her zu denken. Erst im gemeinsamen Zusammenwirken von intellektuellen und automatischen Verfahren zur Heterogenitätsbehandlung und denen einer neu verstandenen Standardisierung ergibt sich eine Lösungsstrategie, die den heutigen technischen und gesellschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen gerecht wird.
    Date
    5. 4.2013 10:22:26
    Source
    Grundlagen der praktischen Information und Dokumentation. 5., völlig neu gefaßte Ausgabe. 2 Bde. Hrsg. von R. Kuhlen, Th. Seeger u. D. Strauch. Begründet von Klaus Laisiepen, Ernst Lutterbeck, Karl-Heinrich Meyer-Uhlenried. Bd.1: Handbuch zur Einführung in die Informationswissenschaft und -praxis
  7. Krause, J.: Shell Model, Semantic Web and Web Information Retrieval (2006) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    The middle of the 1990s are coined by the increased enthusiasm for the possibilities of the WWW, which has only recently deviated - at least in relation to scientific information - for the differentiated measuring of its advantages and disadvantages. Web Information Retrieval originated as a specialized discipline with great commercial significance (for an overview see Lewandowski 2005). Besides the new technological structure that enables the indexing and searching (in seconds) of unimaginable amounts of data worldwide, new assessment processes for the ranking of search results are being developed, which use the link structures of the Web. They are the main innovation with respect to the traditional "mother discipline" of Information Retrieval. From the beginning, link structures of Web pages are applied to commercial search engines in a wide array of variations. From the perspective of scientific information, link topology based approaches were in essence trying to solve a self-created problem: on the one hand, it quickly became clear that the openness of the Web led to an up-tonow unknown increase in available information, but this also caused the quality of the Web pages searched to become a problem - and with it the relevance of the results. The gatekeeper function of traditional information providers, which narrows down every user query to focus on high-quality sources was lacking. Therefore, the recognition of the "authoritativeness" of the Web pages by general search engines such as Google was one of the most important factors for their success.
    Date
    13.10.2006 9:35:23
    Source
    Information und Sprache: Beiträge zu Informationswissenschaft, Computerlinguistik, Bibliothekswesen und verwandten Fächern. Festschrift für Harald H. Zimmermann. Herausgegeben von Ilse Harms, Heinz-Dirk Luckhardt und Hans W. Giessen
  8. Krause, J.: Softwareergonomie (1997) 0.03 
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    Source
    Grundlagen der praktischen Information und Dokumentation: ein Handbuch zur Einführung in die fachliche Informationsarbeit. 4. Aufl. Hrsg.: M. Buder u.a
  9. Krause, J.; Mayr, P.: Allgemeiner Bibliothekszugang und Varianten der Suchtypologie : Konsequenzen für die Modellbildung in vascoda (2007) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Der Arbeitsbericht konzentriert sich zunächst auf Integrationsmöglichkeiten des Dreiländerkatalogs (DLK), der prototypisch für fachübergreifende Bibliothekskataloge (Allgemeinzugang) in vascoda steht. Der Bericht geht auf interne Designvarianten ein, welche Grundüberlegungen zum sogenannten Allgemeinzugang bebildern. Abschnitt 2 befasst sich mit Vorschlägen zur Erweiterung der Suchtypologie von vascoda. Eine Änderung der fachgebietsorientierten Grundkonzeption von vascoda lässt sich weder aus der Literatursichtung noch aus der vascoda-internen Diskussion anlässlich der Contentintegration von DLK und der Einführung der FAST-Suchmaschinentechnologie für vascoda-Teilmengen ableiten.
    Content
    Der vollständige Text steht unter: http://www.gesis.org/Publikationen/Berichte/IZ_Arbeitsberichte/pdf/ab_38.pdf als PDF-Datei zur Verfügung.
  10. Krause, J.; Womser-Hacker, C.: PADOK-II : Retrievaltests zur Bewertung von Volltextindexierungsvarianten für das deutsche Patentinformationssystem (1990) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Vorgestellt werden die Ergebnisse extensiver Retrievaltests von zwei Varianten von Inhalteserschließungen (Freitext und PASSAT) für das deutsche Patentinformationssystem auf der Basis von Volltexten. Die Tests führte die Fachgruppe Linguistische Informationswissenschaft der Universität Regensburg von 1986-1989 in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Deutschen Patentamt, dem Fachinformationszentrum Karlsruhe und meheren industrieellen Partnern durch. Der Schwerpunkt des Berichts liegt auf dem allgemeinen Ansatz der Bewertung der Ziele des Projekts und auf der Darstellung der statistischen Evaluierungsergebnisse.
  11. Krause, J.; Niggemann, E.; Schwänzl, R.: Beispiel: Virtuelle Fachbibliotheken : Normierung und Standardisierung in sich verändernden Kontexten (2003) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Bei der Diskussion um Standardisierungsbemühungen in den Bibliotheken, Archiven, den Fachdatenbanken und den Informationen auf WWW-Servern wissenschaftlicher Institute gibt es klare Anzeichen dafür, dass die traditionellen Verfahren der Standardisierung und Normierung an ihre Grenzen stoßen. Für Virtuelle Fachbibliotheken muss deshalb vor allem für die Inhaltserschließung eine neue Sichtweise auf die Forderung nach Konsistenzerhaltung und Interoperabilität gefunden werden. Sie lässt sich durch die folgende Prämisse umschreiben: Standardisierung ist von der verbleibenden Heterogenität her zu denken. Erst im gemeinsamen Zusammenwirken von intellektuellen und automatischen Verfahren zur Heterogenitätsbehandlung und Standardisierung ergibt sich eine Lösungsstrategie, die den heutigen technischen und gesellschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen gerecht wird.
    Source
    Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie. 50(2003) H.1, S.19-28
  12. Krause, J.: Integration von Ansätzen neuronaler Netzwerke in die Systemarchitektur von ViBSoz und CARMEN (2001) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Neben Crosskonkordanzen, qualitativ-deduktiven Methoden und statistischen Verfahren gehört zu den Grundstrategien der Behandlung semantischer Heterogenität auch der Einsatz neuronaler Netze in Transfermodulen zwischen Dokumentenbeständen mit unterschiedlichen Inhaltserschließungssystemen. Sowohl die Frage, welches Netzwerkmodell am erfolgsversprechendsten ist, als auch die Frage, ob neuronale Netze im Kontext integrierter Fachinformationssysteme in der Praxis einen Mehrwert erbringen können, ist bisher in der Forschung kaum behandelt worden. Deshalb wurde diese Thematik in einer Kooperation vom IZ mit der Universität Hildesheim im Rahmen eines Promotionsvorhabens (Mandl, T.) erforscht
    Footnote
    Der vollständige Text steht unter http://www.gesis.org/Publikationen/Berichte/IZ_Arbeitsberichte/ als PDF-Datei zur Verfügung
  13. Krause, J.: Zur Problematik eines Gedankenexperiments über die Informationsversorgung der Wissenschaften (2004) 0.02 
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    Series
    Schriften zur Informationswissenschaft; Bd.41
    Source
    Wissen in Aktion: Der Primat der Pragmatik als Motto der Konstanzer Informationswissenschaft. Festschrift für Rainer Kuhlen. Hrsg. R. Hammwöhner, u.a
  14. Krause, J.: Zur Wahl der Texterschließungskomponente für ein deutsches Patentinformationssystem : Kontroverses zur Bilanz von D. Geiß 'Entwurf für ein deutsche Patentinformationssystem' in den NfD 5/1988 (1989) 0.02 
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  15. Krause, J.: Was leisten informationslinguistische Komponenten von Referenz-Retrievalsystemen für Massendaten? : Von der 'Pragmatik im Computer' zur Pragmatikanalyse als Designgrundlage (1986) 0.02 
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    Source
    Deutscher Dokumentartag 1986, Freiburg, 8.-10.10.1986: Bedarfsorientierte Fachinformation: Methoden und Techniken am Arbeitsplatz. Bearb.: H. Strohl-Goebel
  16. Krause, J.: Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion in natürlicherSprache : zur Bewertung eines natürlichsprachigen Frage-Antwort-Systems (1980) 0.02 
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    Source
    Datenbasen, Datenbanken, Netzwerke: Praxis des Information Retrieval. Hrsg.: R. Kuhlen. Bd.3: Nutzung und Bewertung von Retrievalsystemen
  17. Krause, J.: Begriffskultur vs. Termassoziation : gegen informationswissenschaftliche Problemlösungen durch sozialwissenschaftlöiche Sprachregelung (1996) 0.01 
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    Footnote
    Erwiderung auf: Dahlberg, I.: Zur 'Begriffskultur' in den Sozialwissenschaften: lassen sich ihre Probleme lösen?
    Source
    Ethik und Sozialwissenschaften. 7(1996) H.1, S.35-37
  18. Krause, J.: Holistische Modellbildung als eine Antwort auf die Herausforderungen der Informationswirtschaft (1996) 0.01 
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    Series
    Schriften zur Informationswissenschaft; Bd.27
    Source
    Herausforderungen an die Informationswirtschaft: Informationsverdichtung, Informationsbewertung und Datenvisualisierung. Proceedings des 5. Internationalen Symposiums für Informationswissenschaft (ISI'96), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 17.-19. Oktober 1996. Hrsg.: J. Krause u.a
  19. Krause, J.: Alles schon da? : Der handlungsorientierte Informationsbegriff als Grundlage informationswissenschaftlicher Theoriebildung und Gestaltungsarbeit (1998) 0.01 
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    Footnote
    Erwiderung auf 'Janich, P.: Informationsbegriff und methodisch-kulturalistische Philosophie' in demselben Heft (S.169-182)
    Source
    Ethik und Sozialwissenschaften. 9(1998) H.2, S.223-225
  20. Krause, J.: Polyzentrische Informationsversorgung in einer dezentralisierten Informationswelt (1998) 0.01 
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    Content
    Enthält das Schalenmodell der Inhaltserschleißung am Beispiel der Forschungsprojektdatenbank FORIS des IZ Sozialwissenschaften
    Source
    nfd Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 49(1998) H.6, S.345-351

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