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Abstract

Das Phänomen des menschlichen Bewußtseins wird in ein übergreifendes Gefüge physikalischer wie informationstheoretischer Zusammenhänge eingeordnet. Der dänische Wissenschaftsjournalist Tor Noerretranders macht sich Gedanken über das Bewußtsein. Ich denke, also bin ich? "Nein", meint er, "nicht ich denke, sondern es denkt in mir, und dem, was wir 'ich' nennen, wird nur das Resultat bewußt, ein winziger Bruchteil dessen, was 'es' wahrgenommen und verarbeitet hat." Aber was ist dieses "es", das Selbst, wie es der Autor nennt? In seinem Buch beschreibt er eine Reihe naturwissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse, die zeigen, daß das Bewußtsein nicht das Zentrum unserer Entscheidungen und Handlungen ist, und daß wir zum größten Teil "nichtbewußt" denken und agieren. "Wir haben", so sagt er, "die besten 'Auftritte', wenn wir unserem Selbst freien Lauf lassen, wenn wir gerade nicht versuchen, es durch das Ich zu kontrollieren."

Classification

CC 3600 Philosophie / Systematische Philosophie / Spezielle Wissenschaftstheorie / Zur Wissenschaftstheorie der Psychologie

Footnote

Originaltitel: Mærk verden <dt.>. - Rez. in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft 1996, H.9, S.122-124 (U. Ender)

RVK

CC 3600 Philosophie / Systematische Philosophie / Spezielle Wissenschaftstheorie / Zur Wissenschaftstheorie der Psychologie

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Abstract

What is consciousness? How do physical processes in the brain give rise to the self-aware mind and to feelings as profoundly varied as love or hate, aesthetic pleasure or spiritual yearning? These questions today are among the most hotly debated issues among scientists and philosophers, and we have seen in recent years superb volumes by such eminent figures as Francis Crick, Daniel C. Dennett, Gerald Edelman, and Roger Penrose, all firing volleys in what has come to be called the consciousness wars. Now, in The Conscious Mind, philosopher David J. Chalmers offers a cogent analysis of this heated debate as he unveils a major new theory of consciousness, one that rejects the prevailing reductionist trend of science, while offering provocative insights into the relationship between mind and brain. Writing in a rigorous, thought-provoking style, the author takes us on a far-reaching tour through the philosophical ramifications of consciousness. Chalmers convincingly reveals how contemporary cognitive science and neurobiology have failed to explain how and why mental events emerge from physiological occurrences in the brain. He proposes instead that conscious experience must be understood in an entirely new light--as an irreducible entity (similar to such physical properties as time, mass, and space) that exists at a fundamental level and cannot be understood as the sum of its parts. And after suggesting some intriguing possibilities about the structure and laws of conscious experience, he details how his unique reinterpretation of the mind could be the focus of a new science. Throughout the book, Chalmers provides fascinating thought experiments that trenchantly illustrate his ideas. For example, in exploring the notion that consciousness could be experienced by machines as well as humans, Chalmers asks us to imagine a thinking brain in which neurons are slowly replaced by silicon chips that precisely duplicate their functions--as the neurons are replaced, will consciousness gradually fade away? The book also features thoughtful discussions of how the author's theories might be practically applied to subjects as diverse as artificial intelligence and the interpretation of quantum mechanics.