-
Auer, S.; Sens, I.; Stocker, M.: Erschließung wissenschaftlicher Literatur mit dem Open Research Knowledge Graph (2020)
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- Abstract
- Die Weitergabe von Wissen hat sich seit vielen hundert Jahren nicht grundlegend verändert: Sie erfolgt in der Regel dokumentenbasiert - früher als klassischer Aufsatz auf Papier gedruckt, heute als PDF. Bei jährlich rund 2,5 Millionen neuen Forschungsbeiträgen ertrinken die Forschenden in einer Flut pseudodigitalisierter PDF-Publikationen. Die Folge: Die Forschung wird ernsthaft geschwächt. Denn viele Forschungsergebnisse können durch andere nicht reproduziert werden, es gibt mehr und mehr Redundanzen und das Meer von Publikationen ist unübersichtlich. Deshalb denkt die TIB - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften Wissenskommunikation neu: Statt auf statische PDF-Artikel setzt die TIB auf Wissensgraphen. Sie arbeitet daran, Wissen unterschiedlichster Form - Texte, Bilder, Grafiken, Audio- und Video-Dateien, 3D-Modelle und vieles mehr - intuitiv mithilfe dynamischer Wissensgraphen zu vernetzen. Der Wissensgraph soll verschiedene Forschungsideen, -ansätze, -methoden und -ergebnisse maschinenlesbar darstellen, sodass völlig neue Zusammenhänge von Wissen zutage treten und zur Lösung globaler Probleme beitragen könnten. Die großen gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen verlangen Interdisziplinarität und das Zusammenfügen von Erkenntnis-Einzelteilen. Mit dem Wissensgraphen kann das gelingen und der Fluss wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse revolutioniert werden.
-
Boteram, F.: Semantische Relationen in Dokumentationssprachen : vom Thesaurus zum semantischen Netz (2010)
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- Abstract
- Moderne Verfahren des Information Retrieval verlangen nach aussagekräftigen und detailliert relationierten Dokumentationssprachen. Der selektive Transfer einzelner Modellierungsstrategien aus dem Bereich semantischer Technologien für die Gestaltung und Relationierung bestehender Dokumentationssprachen wird diskutiert. In Form einer Taxonomie wird ein hierarchisch strukturiertes Relationeninventar definiert, welches sowohl hinreichend allgemeine als auch zahlreiche spezifische Relationstypen enthält, die eine detaillierte und damit aussagekräftige Relationierung des Vokabulars ermöglichen. Das bringt einen Zugewinn an Übersichtlichkeit und Funktionalität. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Ansätzen und Überlegungen zur Schaffung von Relationeninventaren entwickelt der vorgestellte Vorschlag das Relationeninventar aus der Begriffsmenge eines bestehenden Gegenstandsbereichs heraus.
- Series
- Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation; Bd.11
- Source
- Wissensspeicher in digitalen Räumen: Nachhaltigkeit - Verfügbarkeit - semantische Interoperabilität. Proceedings der 11. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation, Konstanz, 20. bis 22. Februar 2008. Hrsg.: J. Sieglerschmidt u. H.P.Ohly
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Kutschera, F. von: ¬Der erkenntnistheoretische Realismus (1992)
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- Field
- Philosophie
- Series
- Philosophie und Geschichte der Wissenschaften; Bd.18
- Source
- Wirklichkeit und Wissen: Realismus, Antirealismus und Wirklichkeits-Konzeptionen in Philosophie und Wissenschaften. Hrsg.: H.J. Sandkühler
-
Wildgen, W.: Semantischer Realismus und Antirealismus in der Sprachtheorie (1992)
0.12
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- Series
- Philosophie und Geschichte der Wissenschaften; Bd.18
- Source
- Wirklichkeit und Wissen: Realismus, Antirealismus und Wirklichkeits-Konzeptionen in Philosophie und Wissenschaften. Hrsg.: H.J. Sandkühler
-
Franzen, W.: Idealismus statt Realismus? : Realismus plus Skeptizismus! (1992)
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- Field
- Philosophie
- Series
- Philosophie und Geschichte der Wissenschaften; Bd.18
- Source
- Wirklichkeit und Wissen: Realismus, Antirealismus und Wirklichkeits-Konzeptionen in Philosophie und Wissenschaften. Hrsg.: H.J. Sandkühler
-
Sandkühler, H.J.: Epistemologischer Realismus und die Wirklichkeit des Wissens : eine Verteidigung der Philosophie des Geistes gegen Naturalismus und Reduktionismus (1992)
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- Field
- Philosophie
- Series
- Philosophie und Geschichte der Wissenschaften; Bd.18
- Source
- Wirklichkeit und Wissen: Realismus, Antirealismus und Wirklichkeits-Konzeptionen in Philosophie und Wissenschaften. Hrsg.: H.J. Sandkühler
-
Boteram, F.: Semantische Relationen in Dokumentationssprachen : vom Thesaurus zum semantischen Netz (2008)
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- Abstract
- Moderne Verfahren des Information Retrieval verlangen nach aussagekräftigen und detailliert relationierten Dokumentationssprachen. Der selektive Transfer einzelner Modellierungsstrategien aus dem Bereich semantischer Technologien für die Gestaltung und Relationierung bestehender Dokumentationssprachen wird diskutiert. Am Beispiel des Gegenstandsbereichs "Theater" der Schlagwortnormdatei wird ein hierarchisch strukturiertes Relationeninventar definiert, welches sowohl hinreichend allgemeine als auch zahlreiche spezifische Relationstypen enthält, welche eine detaillierte und damit funktionale Relationierung des Vokabulars ermöglichen. Die Relationierung des Gegenstandsbereichs wird als Ontologie im OWL-Format modelliert. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Ansätzen und Überlegungen zur Schaffung von Relationeninventaren entwickelt der vorgestellte Vorschlag das Relationeninventar aus der Begriffsmenge eines vorgegebenen Gegenstandsbereichs heraus. Das entwickelte Inventar wird als eine hierarchisch strukturierte Taxonomie gestaltet, was einen Zugewinn an Übersichtlichkeit und Funktionalität bringt.
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Stojanovic, N.: Ontology-based Information Retrieval : methods and tools for cooperative query answering (2005)
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- Content
- Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fdigbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fvolltexte%2Fdocuments%2F1627&ei=tAtYUYrBNoHKtQb3l4GYBw&usg=AFQjCNHeaxKkKU3-u54LWxMNYGXaaDLCGw&sig2=8WykXWQoDKjDSdGtAakH2Q&bvm=bv.44442042,d.Yms.
- Footnote
- Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Wirtschaftswissenschaften (Dr. rer. pol.) von der Fakultaet fuer Wirtschaftswissenschaften der Universitaet Fridericiana zu Karlsruhe genehmigte Dissertation.
- Imprint
- Karlsruhe : Fakultaet fuer Wirtschaftswissenschaften der Universitaet Fridericiana zu Karlsruhe
-
Bierbach, P.: Wissensrepräsentation - Gegenstände und Begriffe : Bedingungen des Antinomieproblems bei Frege und Chancen des Begriffssystems bei Lambert (2001)
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- Abstract
- Die auf Basis vernetzter Computer realisierbare Möglichkeit einer universalen Enzyklopädie führt aufgrund der dabei technisch notwendigen Reduktion auf nur eine Sorte Repräsentanten zu Systemen, bei denen entweder nur Gegenstände repräsentiert werden, die auch Begriffe vertreten, oder nur Begriffe, die auch Gegenstände vertreten. In der Dissertation werden als Beispiele solcher Repräsentationssysteme die logischen Systeme von Gottlob Frege und Johann Heinrich Lambert untersucht. Freges System, basierend auf der Annahme der Objektivität von Bedeutungen, war durch die Nachweisbarkeit einer Antinomie gescheitert, weshalb von Philosophen im 20. Jahrhundert die Existenz einer objektiven Bedeutung von Ausdrücken und die Übersetzbarkeit der Gedanken aus den natürlichen Sprachen in eine formale Sprache in Frage gestellt wurde. In der Dissertation wird nachgewiesen, daß diese Konsequenz voreilig war und daß die Antinomie auch bei Annahme der Objektivität von Wissen erst durch zwei Zusatzforderungen in Freges Logik ausgelöst wird: die eineindeutige Zuordnung eines Gegenstands zu jedem Begriff sowie die scharfen Begrenzung der Begriffe, die zur Abgeschlossenheit des Systems zwingt. Als Alternative wird das Begriffssystem Lamberts diskutiert, bei dem jeder Gegenstand durch einen Begriff und gleichwertig durch Gesamtheiten von Begriffen vertreten wird und Begriffe durch Gesamtheiten von Begriffen ersetzbar sind. Beide die Antinomie auslösenden Bedingungen sind hier nicht vorhanden, zugleich ist die fortschreitende Entwicklung von Wissen repräsentierbar. Durch die mengentheoretische Rekonstruktion des Begriffssystems Lamberts in der Dissertation wird dessen praktische Nutzbarkeit gezeigt. Resultat der Dissertation ist der Nachweis, daß es Repräsentationssysteme gibt, die nicht auf die für die Prüfung der Verbindlichkeit der Einträge in die Enzyklopädie notwendige Annahme der Verobjektivierbarkeit von Wissen verzichten müssen, weil ihnen nicht jene die Antinomie auslösenden Voraussetzungen zugrunde liegen.
- Content
- Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doctor philosophiae (Dr. phil.) vorgelegt an der Philosophischen Fakultät der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg verteidigt am 11.07.2001. Vgl.: http://sundoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/diss-online/01/01H114/.
- Field
- Philosophie
- Imprint
- Halle-Wittenberg : Fachbereich Geschichte, Philosophie und Sozialwissenschaften, Fachbereich Geschichte, Philosophie und Sozialwissenschaften
-
Roth, G.; Schwegler, H.: Kognitive Referenz und Selbstreferentialität des Gehirns : ein Beitrag zur Klärung des Verhältnisses zwischen Erkenntnistheorie und Hirnforschung (1992)
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- Series
- Philosophie und Geschichte der Wissenschaften; Bd.18
- Source
- Wirklichkeit und Wissen: Realismus, Antirealismus und Wirklichkeits-Konzeptionen in Philosophie und Wissenschaften. Hrsg.: H.J. Sandkühler
-
Semenova, E.: Ontologie als Begriffssystem : Theoretische Überlegungen und ihre praktische Umsetzung bei der Entwicklung einer Ontologie der Wissenschaftsdisziplinen (2010)
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- Abstract
- Das Konzept des Semantic Web befindet sich gegenwärtig auf dem Weg von der Vision zur Realisierung und ist "noch gestaltbar", ebenso wie eine seiner Grundkonzeptionen, die Ontologie. Trotz der stetig wachsenden Anzahl der Forschungsarbeiten werden Ontologien primär aus der Sicht semantischer Technologien untersucht, Probleme der Ontologie als Begriffssystem werden in der Ontologieforschung nur partiell angetastet - für die praktische Arbeit erweist sich dieses als bedeutender Mangel. In diesem Bericht wird die Notwendigkeit, eine Ontologie aus der Sicht der Dokumentationssprache zu erforschen, als Fragestellung formuliert, außerdem werden einige schon erarbeitete theoretische Ansätze skizzenhaft dargestellt. Als Beispiel aus der Praxis wird das Material des von der DFG geförderten und am Hermann von Helmholtz-Zentrum für Kulturtechnik der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin durchgeführten Projektes "Entwicklung einer Ontologie der Wissenschaftsdisziplinen" einbezogen.
- Series
- Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation; Bd.11
- Source
- Wissensspeicher in digitalen Räumen: Nachhaltigkeit - Verfügbarkeit - semantische Interoperabilität. Proceedings der 11. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation, Konstanz, 20. bis 22. Februar 2008. Hrsg.: J. Sieglerschmidt u. H.P.Ohly
-
Boteram, F.: Semantische Relationen in Dokumentationssprachen : vom Thesaurus zum semantischen Netz (2008)
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- Abstract
- Moderne Verfahren des Information Retrieval verlangen nach aussagekräftigen und detailliert relationierten Dokumentationssprachen. Der selektive Transfer einzelner Modellierungsstrategien aus dem Bereich semantischer Technologien für die Gestaltung und Relationierung bestehender Dokumentationssprachen wird diskutiert. Am Beispiel des Gegenstandsbereichs "Theater" der Schlagwortnormdatei wird ein hierarchisch strukturiertes Relationeninventar definiert, welches sowohl hinreichend allgemeine als auch zahlreiche spezifische Relationstypen enthält, welche eine detaillierte und damit funktionale Relationierung des Vokabulars ermöglichen. Die Relationierung des Gegenstandsbereichs wird als Ontologie im OWL-Format modelliert. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Ansätzen und Überlegungen zur Schaffung von Relationeninventaren entwickelt der vorgestellte Vorschlag das Relationeninventar aus der Begriffsmenge eines vorgegebenen Gegenstandsbereichs heraus. Das entwickelte Inventar wird als eine hierarchisch strukturierte Taxonomie gestaltet, was einen Zugewinn an Übersichtlichkeit und Funktionalität bringt.
- Footnote
- Überarb. Version der Diplomarbeit im Studiengang Bibliothekswesen
- Imprint
- Köln : Fachhochschule, Fakultät für Informations- und Kommunikationswissenschaften, Institut für Informationswissenschaft
- Series
- Kölner Arbeitspapiere zur Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft; Bd. 54
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Fischer, D.H.: ¬Ein Lehrbeispiel für eine Ontologie : OpenCyc (2004)
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- Abstract
- Es wird ein einführender Überblick über das seit Frühjahr 2002 allgemein verfügbare Ontologiesystem OpenCyc und seine gegenwärtige Wissensbasis gegeben. Das System ist Prototyp eines logikbasierten Wissensrepräsentationssystems und der lnhalt der fortschreib-baren Wissensbasis ist eine universelle Dachontologie, die als ein Extrakt aus langjähriger Erfahrung mit ihrer Anwendung angesehen werden kann. Die Wissensrepräsentationssprache CycL von OpenCyc konkurriert mit der bisher weniger ausdrucksstarken Sprache OWL, die von den W3C-Gremien für das "Semantic Web"standardisiert wird.
- Content
- Wer über Ontologien und Ontologiesysteme spricht, sollte auch das System OpenCyc kennen. Aber was heißt hier "kennen"? Ich habe mich als Leser und experimentierender Benutzer mit diesem System intensiver befasst und unter einer Reihe von spezielleren Fragen an das System meine Erfahrungen in einigen Arbeitspapieren protokolliert. Sie sind über das Internet zugänglich'. Hier möchte ich der allgemeinen Orientierung über OpenCyc dienende Anmerkungen dazugeben. Bereits eine Recherche mit der Suchmaschine Google, den Suchworten "Cyc OpenCyc" und Beschränkung der Quellen auf Sprache Deutsch oder Herkunft Deutschland erbringt einige der auch hier wiedergegebenen vordergründigen Informationen, sie zeigt aber auch, dass sich Professoren oder Studenten im Jahr 2003 z.B. in Ulm, Heidelberg, Berlin, Bamberg, Bonn und Darmstadt mit dem Thema Cyc und OpenCyc beschäftigt haben entsprechend meiner Titelthese.
Das Projekt Cyc ist im Jahre 1984 angetreten mit der Zielsetzung, im großen Maßstab Alltags- und enzyklopädisches Wissen in einem einheitlichen System zu formalisieren im Gegensatz zu den bisherigen Versuchen der jeweiligen Repräsentation sektoralen Expertenwissens. Nachdem man sich dem Mythos Cyc zunächst nur über Publikationen nähern konntet, wurde dann 1997 als Textdatei Cycs "Upper Ontology" durch die Firma Cycorp Inc. zugänglich gemacht. Sie enthielt aber einiges nicht, was beschrieben worden war: z.B. Regeln und die Bindung von Aussagen an "Mikrotheorien". Entsprechend dieser Beschränkung war es mir möglich, den Inhalt dieser Datei strukturell verlustfrei in mein objektorientiertes, generisches Thesaurussystem "TerminologyFramework" einzubringen. Im April 200z wurden dann unter dem Namen OpenCyc nicht nur der Inhalt eines Auszugs aus Cycorps Ontologie, sondern auch zugehörige Werkzeuge zum lesenden Stöbern, Ändern und Schließen in einem ersten Release 0.6 zugänglich. Dazu findet man reichlich tutorielles Material, jedoch ist es nicht exakt abgestimmt auf die aktuell vorliegende Wissensbasis, sowie allerhand Dokumentation; vor allem aber findet man zum Herunterladen das Softwarepaket samt Wissensbasis für Windows NT/2000/XP- oder für Linux-Systeme. In welchem Verhältnis das nun kostenlos mit einer "GNU Lesser General Public License" verfügbare OpenCyc zu dem kommerziellen "Full Cyc" der Firma Cycorp steht, darüber weiß ich nichts aus erster Hand; die von mir für OpenCyc ermittelten Zahlen (s.u.) stehen zu neueren Angaben für Cyc in einem Größenordnungsverhältnis von ca. 1 zu 10. Informationen über realisierte Anwendungen kann man der Firmenselbstdarstellung$ und den von dort erreichbaren "white papers" entnehmen. Auf der Firmeneingangsseite findet man in Gestalt einer Pyramide eine Inhaltsübersicht der Ontologie von Cyc (siehe Abbildung 1): Beim Darüberfahren mit der Maus wird das dort wie auch hier kaum leserliche Kleingedruckte im Feld links oben lesbar und durch Klicken wird eine Inhaltsbeschreibung des jeweiligen Begriffsbereichs im Feld unten gegeben. OpenCyc stellt wohl einen exemplarischen Auszug aus dem oberen Teil der Pyramide oberhalb "Domain-Specific Knowledge" dar.
- Source
- Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 55(2004) H.3, S.139-142
-
Meyer, A.: Begriffsrelationen im Kategoriensystem der Wikipedia : Entwicklung eines Relationeninventars zur kollaborativen Anwendung (2010)
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- Abstract
- Neben den bekannten Hyperlinks in Artikeltexten verfügt die Online-Enzyklopädie Wikipedia mit ihrem Kategoriensystem über ein weiteres Mittel zur Herstellung von Relationen zwischen Artikeln. Jeder Artikel ist einer oder mehreren Kategorien zugeordnet, die ihrerseits anderen Kategorien zugeordnet sind. Auf diese Weise entsteht eine systematische Ordnung von Artikeln und Kategorien. Betrachtet man nur die Artikel- und Kategoriennamen sowie diese Relationen, so stellt das Kategoriensystem ein gemeinschaftlich erstelltes Begriffssystem dar, das sämtliche von der Wikipedia abgedeckten Themenbereiche umfasst, jedoch - technisch betrachtet - ausschließlich hierarchische Relationen enthält. Aufgrund des Fehlens eines differenzierten Regelwerks zur Kategorisierung ist das Kategoriensystem derzeit jedoch inkonsistent, daneben sind, bedingt durch das Vorhandensein lediglich eines Relationstyps, viele Relationen wenig aussagekräftig. Dennoch besteht das Potenzial zur Schaffung eines stark und differenziert relationierten Begriffssystems aus dem bestehenden Kategoriensystem heraus. Die vorliegende Arbeit diskutiert die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten eines solchen Begriffssystems und die Option seiner gemeinschaftlichen Entwicklung aus dem bestehenden Vokabular des Kategoriensystems, mithin also der gemeinschaftlichen Relationierung von Begriffen anhand eines differenzierten Relationeninventars. Ausgehend von den Kategorien "Theater" und "Jagd" der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia wird ein hierarchisch strukturiertes Relationeninventar definiert, das sowohl spezifische als auch allgemeine Relationstypen enthält und damit die Möglichkeit zur Übertragung auf andere Gegenstandsbereiche bietet. Sämtliche Artikel- und Kategoriennamen, die unterhalb jener Kategorien erscheinen, werden unter Verwendung der neu entwickelten Relationstypen als Deskriptoren relationiert.
- Footnote
- Video des Vortrags auf der ISI_2011 in Hildesheim (www.eurospider.com/video-podcasts.html) unter: ..\videos\Meyer_ISI_2011.flv.
- Imprint
- Köln : Fachhochschule / Fakultät für Informations- und Kommunikationswissenschaften
-
Ricci, F.; Schneider, R.: ¬Die Verwendung von SKOS-Daten zur semantischen Suchfragenerweiterung im Kontext des individualisierbaren Informationsportals RODIN (2010)
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- Abstract
- RODIN (ROue D'INformation) ist ein Projekt, das einen alternativen Ansatz in der Erstellung von Informationsportalen verfolgt, indem es dem Benutzer ermöglicht, selbständig oder in Zusammenarbeit mit einem Informationsspezialisten heterogene Informationsquellen, die für ihn eine Relevanz besitzen, als Aggregat miteinander zu verbinden. Das System gewährleistet eine simultane Suche in allen Komponenten des Aggregats und ermöglicht die Suchverfeinerung durch Anbindung an bibliografische und enzyklopädische Ontologien.
- Content
- "Im Projekt RODIN (Roue d'information) wird die Realisierung einer alternativen Portalidee im Rahmen der E-lib.ch-Initiative (www.e-lib.ch) angestrebt. Dahinter verbirgt sich die Idee eines personalisierbaren Informationsportals zur Aggregation heterogener Datenquellen unter Verwendung von SemanticWeb-Technologie. Das allgemeine wissenschaftliche Interesse von RODIN besteht darin, zu überprüfen, inwieweit bibliografische Ontologien als Bestandteil des SemanticWeb für die Informationssuche gewinnbringend eingesetzt werden können. Den Benutzern werden hierbei unterschiedliche Funktionalitäten zur Verfügung gestellt. So können sie zunächst aus unterschiedlichen Informationsquellen jene auswählen, die für ihre Recherche von Relevanz sind und diese in Form von Widgets auf der Startseite des Informationsportals zusammenstellen. Konkret handelt es sich hierbei um Informationsquellen, die im Kontext von E-lib.ch bereitgestellt werden (bspw. Swissbib.ch, Rero-Doc) sowie um allgemeine Webressourcen (etwa Delicious oder Google-Books). Anschließend besteht die Möglichkeit, simultan über alle spezifizierten Quellen eine parallele Suche anzustoßen und - nach Beendigung dieser Metasuche - die Ergebnisse zu verfeinern.
Der Ausgangspunkt für die Suchverfeinerung ist ein Ergebnis aus der Treffermenge, für welches ein Ontologie-Mapping durchgeführt wird, d.h. dass ausgehend von den Daten und Metadaten des Suchergebnisses der semantische Kontext für dieses Dokument innerhalb einer Ontologie ermittelt wird. Bei diesen Ontologien handelt es sich um in SKOS-Daten überführte Thesauri und Taxonomien, die aus einem bibliothekswissenschaftlichen Umfeld stammen. Durch Ermittlung des ontologischen Kontexts stehen eine Reihe von Termen in Form von Synonymen, Hypernymen und Hyponymen zur Verfügung, die es dem Benutzer ermöglichen, seine Ergebnismenge gezielt einzuschränken, zu verallgemeinern oder auf ähnliche Begriffe auszuweiten. Nach der Bestimmung des weiteren Suchkontexts wird dann in allen vom Benutzer bereits ausgewählten Widgets eine neue Suche angestoßen und das zur Suchverfeinerung ausgewählte Dokument in seiner semantischen Ausrichtung zu den übrigen Informationsquellen kontextualisiert."
- Series
- Tagungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis ; Bd. 14) (DGI-Konferenz ; 1
- Source
- Semantic web & linked data: Elemente zukünftiger Informationsinfrastrukturen ; 1. DGI-Konferenz ; 62. Jahrestagung der DGI ; Frankfurt am Main, 7. - 9. Oktober 2010 ; Proceedings / Deutsche Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis. Hrsg.: M. Ockenfeld
-
Endres-Niggemeyer, B.: Bessere Information durch Zusammenfassen aus dem WWW (1999)
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- Abstract
- Am Beispiel der Knochenmarktransplantation, eines medizinischen Spezialgebietes, wird im folgenden dargelegt, wie man BenutzerInnen eine großen Teil des Aufwandes bei der Wissensbeschaffung abnehmen kann, indem man Suchergebnisse aus dem Netz fragebezogen zusammenfaßt. Dadurch wird in zeitkritischen Situationen, wie sie in Diagnose und Therapie alltäglich sind, die Aufnahme neuen Wissens ermöglicht. Auf einen Überblick über den Stand des Textzusammenfassens und der Ontologieentwicklung folgt eine Systemskizze, in der die Informationssuche im WWW durch ein kognitiv fundiertes Zusammenfassungssystem ergänzt wird. Dazu wird eine Fach-Ontologie vorgeschlagen, die das benötigte Wissen organisiert und repräsentiert.
-
Wirklichkeit und Wissen : Realismus, Antirealismus und Wirklichkeits-Konzeptionen in Philosophie und Wissenschaften (1992)
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- Abstract
- Dieser Band ist interdisziplinär - philosophisch, psychologisch, linguistisch, neurobiologisch - Fragen der Wissenschaftsphilosophie gewidmet: Was ist 'Wirklichkeit'? Repräsentiert Wissen Realität? Oder ist 'Wirklichkeit' Konstruktion nach dem Maß menschlichen Geistes? Welche Konzepte von 'Wirklichkeit' und 'Wissen' setzen - im Rahmen welcher wissenschaftlicher Weltbilder - Wissenschaftler in ihren Beschreibungen und Erklärungen von Welt voraus? Gibt es eine Realität, die in ihrer Existenz wie Beschaffenheit unabhängig ist von menschlichen Erfahrungen, Denkformen und Annahmen (Alltagsrealismus)? Existieren die Entitäten wissenschaftlicher Theorien, ob beobachtbar oder nicht, unabhängig von mentalen (phänomenalen, intentionalen) Zuständen (Wissenschaftsrealismus)? Sind - wie dies Physikalismus, Naturalismus und wissenschaftlicher Realismus annehmen - die einzigen existierenden Entitäten physische und physikalisch beschreibbare und können physikalische Gesetze alles erklären, was erklärt werden kann?
- Content
- Enthält die Beiträge: KUTSCHERA, F. von: Der erkenntnistheoretische Realismus; FRANZEN, W.: Idealismus statt Realismus? Realismus plus Skeptizismus!; KREISER, L.: Bruno Bauchs idealistischer Realismus. Votum im Anschluß an Winfried Franzen; DIEDERICH, W.: Probleme und Grenzen des Anti-Realismus; RHEINWALD, R.: Der Schluß auf die beste Erklärung und das Induktionsproblem. Votum zu Werner Diederich; BÜHLER, A.: Antirealismus und Verifikationismus; RHEINWALD, R.: Bemerkungen zu einem bedeutungstheoretischen Argument gegen den Realismus. Votum zu Axel Bühler; ERPENBECK, J.: Psychologie: Gratwanderung zwischen Realismus und Konstruktivismus; ROTH, G. u. H. SCHWEGLER: Kognitive Referenz und Selbstreferentialität des Gehirns. Ein Beitrag zur Klärung des Verhältnisses zwischen Erkenntnistheorie und Hirnforschung; Voten dazu von: H. TETENS, M. BOENKE u. L. LÄSKER; WILDGEN, W.: Semantischer Realismus und Antirealismus in der Sprachtheorie; BECKERMANN, A.: Wie real sind intentionale Zustände? Dennett zwischen Fodor und den Churchlands; ENGEL, P.: Teleosemantics: realistic or anti-realistic? Votum; HOLENSTEIN, E.: Ein Grund, kein Epiphänomenalist zu sein. Votum; SANDKÜHLER, H.J.: Epistemologischer Realismus und die Wirklichkeit des Wissens. Eine Verteidigung des Philosophie des Geistes gegen Naturalismus und Reduktionismus; PÄTZOLD, D.: Intellectus effabilis. Votum zu Hans Jörg Sandkühler; METSCHER, T.: 'Episteme': Wissen als anthropologisches Datum. Grundsätze einer elementaren Epistemologie. Votum zu Hans Jörg Sandkühler; PASTERNACK, G.: Realismus vs Antirealismus. Ein wissenschaftsphilosophisches Explikationsproblem. Votum
- Field
- Philosophie
- Series
- Philosophie und Geschichte der Wissenschaften; Bd.18
-
Smolnik, S.; Nastansky, L.: K-Discovery : Identifikation von verteilten Wissensstrukturen in einer prozessorientierten Groupware-Umgebung (2004)
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- Abstract
- Verschiedene Szenarien in Groupware-basierten Umgebungen verdeutlichen die Probleme, Wissensstrukturen im Allgemeinen und organisationale Wissensstrukturen im Speziellen zu identifizieren. Durch den Einsatz von Topic Maps, definiert im ISOStandard "ISO/IEC 13250 Topic Maps", in Groupware-basierten organisationalen Wissensbasen wird es möglich, die Lücke zwischen Wissen und Information zu schließen. In diesem Beitrag werden die Ziele des Forschungsprojektes K-Discovery - der Einsatz von Topic Maps in Groupware-basierten Umgebungen - vorgestellt. Aufbauend auf diesen Zielen wird ein Architekturmodell sowie zwei Implementationsansätze präsentiert, in dem durch den Einsatz von Topic Maps in einer prozessorientierten GroupwareUmgebung Wissensstrukturen generiert werden. Der Beitrag schließt mit einigen abschließenden Ausführungen.
- Series
- Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation; Bd.7
- Source
- Wissensorganisation und Edutainment: Wissen im Spannungsfeld von Gesellschaft, Gestaltung und Industrie. Proceedings der 7. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation, Berlin, 21.-23.3.2001. Hrsg.: C. Lehner, H.P. Ohly u. G. Rahmstorf
-
Sigel, A.: Organisation verteilten Wissens mit semantischen Wissensnetzen und der Aggregation semantischer Wissensdienste am Beispiel Digitale Bibliotheken/Kulturelles Erbe (2006)
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- Abstract
- Der Beitrag berichtet über Grundideen in der Explorationsphase des Projektes kPeer (Knowledge Peers). Gegenstand ist die dezentrale Organisation, Integration und Aggregation von Wissen mit semantischen Wissenstechnologien in verteilten, heterogenen Umgebungen Dabei sollen Wissensarbeiter, die dezentral und voneinander unabhängig Wissen gemäß lokaler Schemata ausdrücken und organisieren, emergent zusammenwirken, so dass sich eine nützliche gemeinsame Wissensorganisation ergibt. Zudem sollen Aussagen zum selben Aussagegegenstand, die digitalisiert vorliegen, virtuell zusammengeführt werden, um so neue wissensintensive Produkte und Dienstleistungen zu ermöglichen. Als Inspirationsquelle für beabsichtigte Anwendungen im verteilten Wissensmanagement (DKM) und e-business werden Beispiele der Wissensintegration aus dem Bereich Digitale Bibliotheken und Kulturelles Erbe herangezogen.
- Series
- Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation; Bd.9
- Source
- Wissensorganisation und Verantwortung: Gesellschaftliche, ökonomische und technische Aspekte. Proceedings der 9. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation Duisburg, 5.-7. November 2004. Hrsg. von H.P. Ohly u.a
-
Held, C.; Cress, U.: Social Tagging aus kognitionspsychologischer Sicht (2008)
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- Abstract
- Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt Social-Tagging-Systeme aus theoretisch-kognitionspsychologischer Perspektive und zeigt einige Parallelen und Analogien zwischen Social Tagging und der individuellen kognitiven bedeutungsbezogenen Wissensrepräsentation auf. Zuerst werden wesentliche Aspekte von Social Tagging vorgestellt, die für eine psychologische Betrachtungsweise von Bedeutung sind. Danach werden Modelle und empirische Befunde der Kognitionswissenschaften bezüglich der Speicherung und des Abrufs von Inhalten des Langzeitgedächtnisses beschrieben. Als Drittes werden Parallelen und Unterschiede zwischen Social Tagging und der internen Wissensrepräsentation erläutert und die Möglichkeit von individuellen Lernprozessen durch Social-Tagging-Systeme aufgezeigt.
- Footnote
- Beitrag der Tagung "Social Tagging in der Wissensorganisation" am 21.-22.02.2008 am Institut für Wissensmedien (IWM) in Tübingen.
- Series
- Medien in der Wissenschaft; Bd.47
- Source
- Good tags - bad tags: Social Tagging in der Wissensorganisation. Hrsg.: B. Gaiser, u.a
