-
Umstätter, W.: ¬Die Skalierung von Information, Wissen und Literatur (1992)
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- Abstract
- Daß Bits die kleinste Einheit der Information sind, kann als allgemein bekannt vorausgesetzt werden, daß man aber damit nicht unbedingt die Speicherform der Computer verwechseln darf, ist schon weniger bekannt. So kann man immer wieder den Trugschluß beobachten, daß Bits lediglich die Informationsmenge in elektronischen Systemen beschreiben, aber beispielsweise nicht in geistigen Werken oder die des Wissens. Dies wäre jedoch ebenso, als wenn man behaupten würde, daß sich zwar die Länge zwischen zwei Punkten in Metern bestimmen ließe, nicht aber die eines Menschen. Es ist daher wichtig, deutlich zu machen, daß wissenschaftliche Literatur über weite Strecken Wissen als eine Form kompakter, also begründeter Information enthält und daß der Mensch in Poppers Welt 3 damit ein Optimum im Verhältnis von Information und Redundanz anstrebt. Redundanz ist nicht nur für die Sicherung der Information von bedeutung, sondern ist auch für die Entstehung neuer Information unabdingbar. Wir müssen auch klarer zwischen Information und Interpretation unterscheiden. Die Interpretationstheorie kann bekanntlich in der Semiotik auf eine lange Entstehungsgeschichte zurückblicken. Informationswissenschaft stellt sich bei näherer Betrachtung als das bislang fehlende, allumfassende Bindeglied zwischen Geistes- und Naturwissenschaften heraus und das Bit als Grundeinheit der Veränderlichkeit an sich. Informationswissenschaft benötigt mehr denn je eine solide Grundlage in der Ausbildung
- Content
- Abschnitt 7 (S.233-234): Die Halbwertszeit der Information: "Während also Autoren mit jedem Aufsatz neue Redundanz erzeugen, wächst diese für den Informationssuchenden mit zunehmendem Alter der Literatur. Insofern sind die Halbwertszeiten der Literatur nur unter den gegebenen Umständen auch ein Maß für die Informationsabnahme mit dem Alter der Veröffentlichungen" (S.234)
-
Umstätter, W.: ¬Die Folgen der Online-Revolution : Begabungsförderung durch lnformationskompetenz (2009)
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- Abstract
- Die Online-Revolution begann vor rund vierzig Jahren mit dem Vormarsch von Literaturdatenbanken wie MEDLINE, ERIC, BIOSIS, CHEMABS, SCISEARCH unter anderem in den Bibliotheken. Sie revolutionierte schrittweise die Universitäten, die Wissenschaft insgesamt, und mit den Volltext- beziehungsweise Multimediadatenbanken im Internet auch die Schulen und die gesamte Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung inklusive Publikationswesen und Blended Learning Damit wurde der Ruf der Bibliothekare nach information literacy beziehungsweise nach allgemeinen Kenntnissen im Bereich der Informationskompetenz immer lauter.
-
Umstätter, W.: Wissensorganisation mit Hilfe des semiotischen Thesaurus : auf der Basis von SGML bzw. XML (2000)
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- Abstract
- Die Dokumentare blicken heute auf eine rund hundertjährige Diskussion über die richtige klassifikatorische Erschließung von Dokumenten und ihren thematischen Inhalten zurück. Daneben hat sich die ISKO speziell der Frage nach der Organisation des in den Dokumenten enthaltenen Wissens durch Klassifikation, Kategorienbildung und Thesaurierung gewidmet. Dieser, durch die Möglichkeiten des Volltextretrievals zeitweilig etwas in den Hintergrund geratene Erfahrungsschatz, gewinnt durch die neuen sogenannten semantischen Thesauri eine ungeahnte Renaissance. Dabei ist der allgemeinen Aufmerksamkeit entgangen, dass die sich aus der Semiotik ableitende Entsprechung des semantischen Thesaurus, die des pragmatischen Thesaurus, völlig unbeachtet blieb. Eingehende Überlegungen zu dieser Thematik zeigen, dass es sich bei den semantischen Thesauri eigentlich um semiotische Thesauri handelt, weil sie beiden Aspekten, dem semantischen und dem pragmatischen, gerecht werden müssen. Thesauri sind in diesem Sinne die semiotische Schnittstelle zwischen den semantischen Objektbezeichnungen des Senders und der pragmatischen Begriffsbestimmung dieser Zeichen durch den Empfänger einer Nachricht. Es soll nun geprüft werden, ob und wieweit über die SGML- (Standard Generalized Markup Language) bzw. die XML-Philosophie (eXtensible Markup Language) Computern eine gewisse Begrifflichkeit vermittelbar ist
- Series
- Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation; Bd.6
- Source
- Globalisierung und Wissensorganisation: Neue Aspekte für Wissen, Wissenschaft und Informationssysteme: Proceedings der 6. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation Hamburg, 23.-25.9.1999. Hrsg.: H.P. Ohly, G. Rahmstorf u. A. Sigel
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Umstätter, W.: Bibliographie, Kataloge, Suchmaschinen : Das Ende der Dokumentation als modernes Bibliothekswesen (2005)
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- Abstract
- Als Otlet und La Fontaine um 1900 den Begriff Bibliographie durch den moderneren Begriff Dokumentation ersetzten und im Sinne einer Dokumentationswissenschaft von Dokumentologie sprachen, um damit auch den Weg zu öffnen, immer mehr "Neue Medien", wie Lochkartensysteme, Filme, Mikrofiches, Schallplatten, Magnetbandaufzeichnungen, etc. in die bibliothekarische Wissensbewahrung zu integrieren, da geriet das Bibliothekswesen in eine Zerreißprobe, die für Deutschland besonders nachhaltig war. Eigentlich war es nur ein Zeichen dafür, dass die Bibliothekswissenschaft plötzlich eine so große Dynamik bekam, dass ein Teil ihrer Vertreter sich immer stärker an den rasanten Entwicklungen dieser "Neuen Medien", dann an den informationsverarbeitenden Maschinen und an der Digitalisierung orientierten, während sich andere um so mehr darum bemühten, alte Erfahrungen und das bereits etablierte Wissen nicht dem Untergang preis zu geben. Diese Zerreißprobe hat zunächst auch international eine tiefe Spaltung zwischen Dokumentation und Bibliothekswesen hervorgebracht. Die "alte" Bibliothek erschien zunehmend "verstaubt" gegenüber der modernen Dokumentation, die ihrerseits allerdings einen Namen trug, der sich als Berufsbild in der breiten Bevölkerung nie so recht durchsetzen konnte. Heute hat die Digitale Bibliothek beide wieder vereinigt und damit das Berufsbild Dokumentar auf einen speziellen Bereich, der Erschließung nicht publizierter Dokumente, neben dem Archivar fokussiert.
- Theme
- Geschichte der Kataloge
-
Nourmohammadi, H.A.; Umstätter, W.: ¬Die Verteilung der Autorenhäufigkeit in wissenschaftlichen Zeitschriften bei verschiedenen Themen und Ländern (2004)
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- Abstract
- Untersucht man die Verteilung der Autorenhäufigkeit in wissenschaftlichen Zeitschriften, hier kurz Journals Author Distri-bution (JAD) genannt indem man über mehrere Jahre die Verteilung der Häufigkeit prüft wie viele Autoren einmal, zweimal, dreimal etc. in dieser Zeitschrift erschienen, so zeigen sich charakteristische Verteilungen, die den allgemeinen Potenzgesetzen (power laws) folgen. Diese Verteilungen können als Typologie der speziellen Journale verwendet werden. Wie der Impact Factor, der Immediacy Factor oder die Halbwertzeit ist die JAD zur Kategorisierung einer Zeitschrift nützlich. Auffallend ist dabei, dass zwei Parameter, der Beginn der hyperbolischen Funktion und die Potenz in einem eher konstanten Verhältnis stehen. Den Konsequenzen dieser Beobachtung wird hier nachgegangen.
- Source
- Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 55(2004) H.5, S.275-281
-
Schwarz, I.; Umstätter, W.: ¬Die vernachlässigten Aspekte des Thesaurus : Dokumentarische, pragmatische, semantische und syntaktische Einblicke (1999)
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- Abstract
- Neuentwicklungen in der realen Welt ziehen Veränderungen in der Begriffswelt nach sich. So haben wir es derzeit beispielsweise nicht mehr nur mit Bibliotheken zu tun, vielmehr hat sich das Anwendungsspektrum des Begriffs in neuer Zeit so erweitert, daß wir von der elektronischen, der virtuellen und der digitalen Bibliothek sprechen, wobei diese Bezeichnungen nicht etwa identisch sind, sondern das jeweils Spezifische zu ihrer Entstehungszeit kennzeichnen. Die genaue Reflektion und Einordnung der modernen Thesaurusentwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Information und Dokumentation zwingt ebenso zu eindeutigen begrifflichen Abgrenzungen und Benennungen. Bislang hat dies u.a. zu den Begriffen 'Information Retrieval Thesaurus', 'Metathesaurus', 'Macrothesaurus' und nicht zuletzt 'semantischer Thesaurus' geführt, die den Begriff des dokumentarischen Thesaurus jeweils spezifizieren. Mit dem Begriff des semiotischen Thesaurus, der den semantischen, den syntaktischen und insbesondere auch den pragmatischen Aspekt berücksichtigt, kennzeichnen wir nun eine neue Entwicklung, die den Thesaurus stärker auf das Begriffssystem des Endnutzers apliziert und damit einen bisher völlig vernachlässigten Bereich der Thesaurusforschung in das Zentrum der Betrachtung rückt. Angeregt von der Bezeichnung 'semantischer Thesaurus' hat uns die Morris'sche Dreistrahligkeit des Zeichenbegriffs zu dieser Benennung geführt, und wir haben den Begriff des pragmatischen Thesaurus aus der semiotischen Perspektive hergeleitet
- Source
- nfd Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 50(1999) H.4, S.197-203
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Umstätter, W.: Was kann und was sollte Aus- und Fortbildung für Onliner leisten (1987)
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- Source
- 9. Online-Frühjahrstagung der Online-Benutzergruppe der DGD, Frankfurt am Main, 12.-14.5.1987: Vorträge
-
Umstätter, W.: Wissen - Konstrukt oder Rekonstruktion der Popperschen Welt? : oder Warum sich die ISKO in International Society for Knowledge Self-Organization umbenennen sollte (2017)
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- Series
- Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation; Bd.13
- Source
- Theorie, Semantik und Organisation von Wissen: Proceedings der 13. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation (ISKO) und dem 13. Internationalen Symposium der Informationswissenschaft der Higher Education Association for Information Science (HI) Potsdam (19.-20.03.2013): 'Theory, Information and Organization of Knowledge' / Proceedings der 14. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation (ISKO) und Natural Language & Information Systems (NLDB) Passau (16.06.2015): 'Lexical Resources for Knowledge Organization' / Proceedings des Workshops der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation (ISKO) auf der SEMANTICS Leipzig (1.09.2014): 'Knowledge Organization and Semantic Web' / Proceedings des Workshops der Polnischen und Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation (ISKO) Cottbus (29.-30.09.2011): 'Economics of Knowledge Production and Organization'. Hrsg. von W. Babik, H.P. Ohly u. K. Weber
-
Umstätter, W.: Wäre es nicht langsam Zeit, die Informationstechnologie in der bibliothekarischen Sacherschließung etwas erster zu nehmen? : ein Wort zur RSWK (1991)
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- Abstract
- Millionen D-Mark werden jährlich in die Planung einer Utopie gesteckt, die einen Universalthesaurus aus der Basis der RSWK zum Ziel hat. Ein Erschließungssystem, das sich noch immer an gedruckten Katalogen orientiert. Statt einer breiteren Indexierung sind Bibliothekare gezwungen, Zeit und Geld für eine überholte intellektuelle Arbeit, für Koordination und für eine merkwürdige Diskussion über das enge Schlagwort aufzuwenden. Als Ergebnis finden wir bei der Recherche auf der CD-ROM-Version von BIBLIODATA lediglich 0,35 hilfreiche Schlagwörter der RSWK pro Dokument, mit so unspezifischen Begriffen wie Biologie und Mensch. Als Konsequenz eruieren wir also schätzungsweise 90% der Treffer einer Online-Recherche in BIBLIODATA aus den Titeln. Währenddessen entsteht in vielen Bibliotheken ein zunehmender Mangel an Erfahrung, Kenntnis und Wissenschaft in der Indexierung online-verfügbarer Datenbanken, die von Bibliothekaren produziert werden könnten, und ganze Bücher können weiterhin mit maximal für indizierten Themen gesucht werden. Die wirklich moderne Informationstechnologie ist allgemein verfügbar und sollte zumindest in einigen Bibliotheken nun auch Anwendung finden
-
Umstätter, W.: Anwendung von Internet : eine Einführung (1995)
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- Source
- Spezialbibliotheken auf dem Weg zur virtuellen Bibliothek? 25. Arbeits- und Fortbildungstagung der ASpB/Sektion 5 im DBV, Hamburg, 21.-25.3.1995. Hrsg.: M. Reich
-
Umstätter, W.: ¬Die Messung von Wissen (1998)
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- Abstract
- Digital arbeitende Computer können als intelligente Meßgeräte für Nachrichten im informationstechnischen Sinne, d.h. zur Messung von Information, Rauschen, Redundanz und Wissen eingesetzt werden. Alle diese Formen haben ein gemeinsames Maß, das Bit. Computerprogramme zur Redundanzbestimmung oder zur Beseitigung des Rauschens sind vorhanden und noch verbesserungsfähig. Wissen muß dabei als eine außergewöhnlich effiziente Informationskompression angesehen werden. Es ist als begründete Information zu verstehen, aus der wir Ereignisse vorhersagen können. Die Wissensmessung ist von hoher wirtschaftlicher Bedeutung in Wissensbanken, in der Digitalen Bibliothek, für die Wissenschaftsgesellschaft und für die verbesserte Bestimmung der Intelligenz von Computern und Lebewesen
- Source
- nfd Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 49(1998) H.4, S.221-224
-
Umstätter, W.: Knowledge Economy und die Privatisierung von Bibliotheken (2006)
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- Abstract
- Wenn A. v. Harnack 1921 Bibliothekswissenschaft als die "National-ökonomie des Geistes" bezeichnete, wir sprechen heute eher von der volkswirtschaftlichen Bedeutung von Bildung und Wissenschaft, dann ist diese Bibliothekswissenschaft in der so genannten Wissensgesellschaft ein zentrales Thema unseres Jahrhunderts. Schon im letzten Jahrhundert wurde darüber diskutiert, ob Information eine Ware wie jede andere ist, und wie sie so verknappt werden kann, dass sie trotz Globalisierung und Terrorismus marktfähig zu machen ist. Bislang entzog sie sich durch Copyrights, Patentrechte, Bibliotheken, Schulpflicht, staatliche Forschungsförderung etc. in weiten Bereichen herkömmlicher Marktwirtschaft. Das GATS (General Agreement an Trade in Services) soll hier Fortschritte (manche befürchten allerdings eher Rückschritte) bringen. Aus informationstheoretischer Sicht ist Wissen bei genauer Betrachtung keine Information sondern eine a priori Redundanz, die mit der klassischen a posteriori Redundanz nicht verwechselt werden darf. Welche Implikationen sich daraus ergeben ist somit eine interessante Frage. Eine andere ist, wie weit knowledge economy oder auch Wissensmanagement mit knowledge based economy bzw. wissensbasiertem Management gleichgesetzt werden darf. Es ist eine ähnliche Frage wie die, ob man ein Kunstwerk oder den Künstler einkauft, so wie Sportvereine ihre Sportler. An den Privatisierungsbestrebungen von Bibliotheken ist erkennbar, dass Marktwirtschaft nur eine spezielle Ökonomieformen ist, und dass Information, Rauschen, Redundanz und insbesondere Wissen eigenen Wertschätzungen und Produktionsmechanismen unterliegt. Neben dem ursprünglichen Tauschhandel war die Einführung von Geld ohne Zweifel eine wichtige kulturelle Errungenschaft der Menschheit. Die Wiederentdeckung vom Erwerb an Ehre, an Rechten oder an Informationen, anstelle von Geld, ist die Antwort einiger Teile der Gesellschaft auf einen platten Materialismus. "The new power is not money in the hands of the few, but information in the hands of the many." 1 Deutliches Beispiel für die dem Materialismus abgewandte Gesellschaftsteile waren im Mittelalter die Klöster, die sozusagen das Verlagswesen der damaligen Zeit auch beherbergten und die ehrenamtlich Tätigen, die Vereine und Stiftungen unserer Zeit zum Erhalt von Bibliotheken.
- Series
- Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation; Bd.9
- Source
- Wissensorganisation und Verantwortung: Gesellschaftliche, ökonomische und technische Aspekte. Proceedings der 9. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation Duisburg, 5.-7. November 2004. Hrsg. von H.P. Ohly u.a
-
Umstätter, W.: ¬Die Rolle der Dokumentation bei der Entstehung der Digitalen Bibliothek und ihre Konsequenzen für die Bibliothekswissenschaft (1995)
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- Abstract
- Bei geschichtlicher Betrachtungsweise können wir erkennen, daß vor etwa 100 Jahren die Verdopplungsrate der Literatur mit rund 15 Jahren die zunehmende Verteilung von Büchern und Zeitschriften auf ein nationales Bibliothekssystem notwendig machte. Diese Verdopplungsrate erzwingt heute als nächsten Schritt ein internationales digitales Bibliothekssystem. Das stetig wachsende verteilte Wissen führte bereits im Jahr 1830 zur klassisischen bibliografischen Dokumentation, die ausgelöst durch den 'Weinberg-Report' im Jahre 1963 den ersten Schritt hin zur digitalen Bibliothek tat. Eine modernen Bibliothekswissenschaft muß ein völlig neues Wissensgebäude auf der Basis der Informationstheorie aufbauen, um die Folgen abschätzen zu können, die der Umbruch von der alten papierbasierten Bibliothek hin zur modernen digitalen Bibliothek mit sich bringt. Wie Fritz Milkau im Jahre 1928, so benötigen auch wir ein modernes Handbuch der Bibliothekswissenschaft. Dieses muß von allen interessierten und kompetenten Fachleuten auf dem Gebiet des Archiv-, Bibliotheks-, Dokumentations- und Informationswesens gemeinsam geschrieben werden, um eine gemeinsame wissenschaftliche Basis zu begründen. Ein solches modernes Handbuch kann natürlich nur ein digitales Handbuch mit multimedialen Qualitäten sein, also eine Wissensbank für Lehrende, Lernende und Praktiker
-
Umstätter, W.: Szientometrische Verfahren (2004)
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- Abstract
- Die Szientometrie beschäftigt sich mit der Messbarkeit wissenschaftlicher Leistungen anhand bibliothekarisch nachweisbarer Publikationsergebnisse. Bei genauer Betrachtung ist es ihr Ziel, die Wissenszunahme der Wissenschaft zu messen. Die wissenschaftliche Produktion in Form von Publikationen wächst seit über dreihundert Jahren konstant mit ca. 3,5% pro Jahr. Das entspricht einerVerdopplungsrate von 20 Jahren, die zuerst dem Bibliothekar Fremont Rider 1948 bei Büchern auffiel und die 1963 von Derek J. de Solla Price auch für das Wachstum von Zeitschriften und Bibliografien bestätigt wurde. Die Konstanz dieser Evolution, unabhängig aller sich ereignenden Katastrophen, ist nur zum Teil verstanden, macht aber den unaufhaltsamen Fortschritt der Wissenschaft deutlich. Alle 20 Jahre wird so viel publiziert wie in allen Jahrhunderten davor. Eine etwa gleiche Zunahme verzeichnen die Wissenschaftler, die damit etwa gleich produktiv bleiben. Von ihnen allen sind damit ca. 87% unsere heutigen Zeitgenossen. Aus diesem Wachstum heraus können wir abschätzen, dass in 100.000 laufenden Zeitschriften heute etwa 10 Mio. Publikationen jährlich erscheinen, die von 10 Mio. Wissenschaftlern verfasst werden. Dabei definieren sich nur die als Wissenschaftler, die durchschnittlich eine Publikation jährlich verfassen. Die gesamte Produktion an Buchtiteln, die bisher erschien, dürfte bei etwa 100 Mio. liegen. Davon sind etwa 20 Mio. als wissenschaftlich einzustufen. Wenn folglich 87% aller Wissenschaftler noch heute leben, so betrug die Gesamtzahl der Wissenschaftler in der Welt bisher 11,5 Mio., die in ihrem Leben durchschnittlich 1,5 Bücher pro Kopf verfassten, und etwa das 10-20fache an Zeitschriftenbeiträgen leisteten. Ein Teil dieser Bücher sind allerdings Neuauflagen und Übersetzungen. Nach Lotka, A. J. ist die Produktivität der Wissenschaftler eine schiefe Verteilung von der Form A/n**2, wobei A die Zahl der Autoren mit nur einer Publikation ist und n die Publikationen pro Autor. Während Price in seinen "Networks of Scientific Papers" Vergleichswerte von n**2,5 bis n**3 angab, zeigten Untersuchungen am Science Citation Index (SCI), die auf die gesamte naturwissenschaftliche Literatur hochgerechnet wurden, eher einen Wert von n**1,7. Auf die Tatsache, dass eine Verdopplungsrate der Wissenschaftler von 20 Jahren und eine solche der Menschheit von etwa 50 Jahren dazu führt, dass eines Tages alle Menschen Wissenschaftler werden, hat Price bereits 1963 hingewiesen. Dieser Zustand müsste bei 10 Mio. Wissenschaftlern und 6 Mrd. Menschen in etwa 300 Jahren eintreten, ein nur scheinbar absurder Gedanke, wenn man bedenkt, dass man sich vor 300 Jahren auch kaum vorstellen konnte, dass alle Menschen Lesen, Schreiben und Rechnen lernen können, und dass wir uns ungebildete Menschen immer weniger leisten können.
- Source
- Grundlagen der praktischen Information und Dokumentation. 5., völlig neu gefaßte Ausgabe. 2 Bde. Hrsg. von R. Kuhlen, Th. Seeger u. D. Strauch. Begründet von Klaus Laisiepen, Ernst Lutterbeck, Karl-Heinrich Meyer-Uhlenried. Bd.1: Handbuch zur Einführung in die Informationswissenschaft und -praxis
-
Umstätter, W.: Leistungsgrenzen der Dokumentations-, Informations-, Begriffs- und Wissensorganisation (2001)
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- Abstract
- Während Dokumente zu ihrer Erschließung so organisiert werden, dass sie bei Anfragen an das Dokumentationssystern möglichst rasch und möglichst gezielt auffindbar sind, ist die Organisation von Information immer an eine Syntax gebunden. Beide sind Anfrageorientiert und damit stark Zielgruppenabhängig. Begriffe sind dagegen durch ihre serniotische Vernetzung, so wie sie sich im Thesaurus darstellt, organisiert. Diese Vernetzung kann in neuronalen Verknüpfungen höchst komplex sein, ist aber, und dies ergibt sich aus der Informationstheorie, immer auch auf einfache binäre Hierarchien zurückführbar. Wissen unterscheidet sich von den vorherigen Bereichen durch zwei wesentliche Merkmale, es entsteht durch Selbstorganisation und es hat eine vom Empfänger unabhängige Gültigkeit. Sie erlaubt es uns, bei ausreichendem Wissen, zu prüfen, ob eine Information richtig oder falsch ist
- Series
- Tagungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis; 4
- Source
- Information Research & Content Management: Orientierung, Ordnung und Organisation im Wissensmarkt; 23. DGI-Online-Tagung der DGI und 53. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis e.V. DGI, Frankfurt am Main, 8.-10.5.2001. Proceedings. Hrsg.: R. Schmidt
-
Umstätter, W.: Zukunft der Informationswissenschaft : Vom Information Retrieval zur Wissensorganisation (2017)
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- Abstract
- Fortsetzung der Beiträge von Bredemeier, Stock, Schlögl in Open Password im Anschluss an die ISI-Tagung 2017. "Immer schon war es Aufgabe der Wissenschaft, aus ihren neusten Erkenntnissen heraus auch Anregungen für die Praxis zu geben. Trotzdem ist es ein großer Unterschied, ob jemand als Informationswissenschaftler seine Arbeitszeit und seine gesamte Kraft für das Gewinnen neuer Erkenntnisse einsetzt oder ob ein Informationsspezialist seine Informationskompetenz an Endnutzer vermarktet. Es gibt in der Szientometrie Hinweise, dass man Wissenschaft nur sehr schwer beschleunigen bzw. abbremsen kann. Bei Zusatzgeldern zur Beschleunigung wachsen die neu auftauchenden Probleme exponentiell an, und bei Sparmaßnahmen werden die bereits vorhandenen Probleme so erdrückend, dass Wirtschaft und Politik gezwungen werden, wieder in die Wissenschaft zu investieren. Das gilt auch für die Zukunft der Informationswissenschaft, die sozusagen autokatalytisch ihre anstehenden Probleme bewältigen muss. Wissenschaftler müssen allerdings oft etliche Irrwege gehen, bis sie die richtige Chreode, wie das in der Epigenese genannt wird, finden. Dabei streiten nicht nur die Wissenschaftler über die richtigen Ansätze zur Lösung anstehender Probleme, sondern auch die praxisorientierten Information Professionals sind verständlicherweise über die einander widersprechenden Argumentationen unter Informationswissenschaftlern irritiert. Es sei hier nur an die Definition Rainer Kuhlens "Information ist Wissen in Aktion" erinnert, der sich auch Christian Schlögl und Wolfgang G. Stock anschließen. Dem kann man sich allerdings nicht anschließen, wenn man Information nicht als Teilmenge von Wissen versteht."
-
Umstätter, W.: ¬Die evolutionsstrategische Entstehung von Wissen (1992)
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- Series
- Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation; Bd.2
- Source
- Kognitive Ansätze zum Ordnen und Darstellen von Wissen. 2. Tagung der Deutschen ISKO Sektion einschl. der Vorträge des Workshops "Thesauri als Werkzeuge der Sprachtechnologie", Weilburg, 15.-18.10.1991
-
Umstätter, W.; Rehm, M.; Dorogi, Z.: ¬Die Halbwertszeit in der naturwissenschaftlichen Literatur (1982)
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- Abstract
- Aus der Benutzung der Universitätsbibliothek Ulm wurde eine Halbwertszeit-Funktion in der naturwissenschaftlichen Literatur von t1/2=5 Jahren bestimmt. Eine interessante Abweichung von dieser Halbwertszeit-Funktion ist bei der Bestellung der neuesten Zeitschriften zu beobachten. Der Grund hierfür liegt vermutlich darin, daß Wissenschaftler das Vierfache an neuester Literatur lesen müssen, um wissenschaftliche Trends zu überschauen. Eine weitere Abweichung ist in der ältesten Literatur festzustellen, bei den sog. 'citation classics'. Übereinstimmung zeigt sich im Zitier- und Kopierverhalten bei Zeitschriftenliteratur, die älter als 2 Jahre ist. Etwa 27% der an die UB Ulm gerichteten Literaturanforderungen betreffen Zeitschriftenaufsätze mit einem Alter von über 10 Jahren, da diese Bestände für die Benutzer nur schwer zugänglich sind. Dies zeigt die große Bedeutung einer Freihand-Bibliothek
- Footnote
- Vgl. auch: Artus, H.M.: 'Halbwertzeit wissenschaftlicher Literatur' - Naturgesetz oder Forschungsartefakt? Zum Forschungsstand der Referenz- und Zitationsanalyse
-
Umstätter, W.: ¬Die Zukunft des Buches (1998)
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- Abstract
- In der Wissensgesellschaft ist das Buch nicht mehr das, was es früher war - die optimale Einehit von Archiv- und Informationsmedium; die Bibliothek ist nicht mehr das, was sie früher war - ein Ort an dem man vorwiegend in Buchform publizierte Druckerzeugnisse sammelt; das Wissensmanagement ist nicht mehr das, was es früher war - menschliches Wissen, das man hauptsächlich in Buchform verwaltet, und die Wissenschaft ist nicht mehr das, was sie früher war - die Domäne einzelner genialer Forscher, die mit Versuch und Irrtum neue Erkenntnisse suchen. Gerade darum gewinnen Buch, Bibliothek und Wissen in ihrer modernen Form in der Welt des Internet eine noch größere Bedeutung
- Imprint
- Heidelberg : Spektrum der Wissenschaft
-
Mayr, P.; Umstätter, W.: ¬Eine bibliometrische Zeitschriftenanalyse mit Jol Scientrometrics und NfD bzw. IWP (2008)
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- Abstract
- In der Studie sind 3.889 Datensätze analysiert worden, die im Zeitraum 1976-2004 in der Datenbank Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA) im Forschungsbereich der Informetrie nachgewiesen sind und das Wachstum auf diesem Gebiet belegen. Die Studie zeigt anhand einer Bradford-Verteilung (power law) die Kernzeitschriften in diesem Feld und bestätigt auf der Basis dieses LISA-Datensatzes, dass die Gründung einer neuen Zeitschrift, "Journals of Informetrics" (JoI), 2007 etwa zur rechten Zeit erfolgte. Im Verhältnis dazu wird die Entwicklung der Zeitschrift Scientometrics betrachtet und auch die der "Nachrichten für Dokumentation" (NfD) bzw. "Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis" (IWP).
- Source
- Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 59(2008) H.6/7, S.353-360
