-
Janich, P.: ¬Die Grenzen der Naturwissenschaft : Erkennen als Handeln (1992)
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- Field
- Naturwissenschaften
-
Geist und Natur : über den Widerspruch zwischen naturwissenschaftlicher Erkenntnis und philosophischer Welterfahrung ; Kongress Geist und Natur vom 21. bis 27. Mai 1988 in Hannover (1989)
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- Abstract
- Unser Bild von der Welt hat sich innerhalb weniger Jahrzehnte durch die Erkenntnisse der modernen Naturwissenschaft und die Fortschritte auf technologischem Gebiet schneller und radikaler verändert als je zuvor in der Geschichte. Unsere Wirklichkeitserfahrung ist eine andere geworden, die Basis unserer Welt-Sicht, das rationale, kausal-analytische Denken, ist in Frage gestellt, die als sakrosankt betrachtete kartesianische Trennung von Geist und Natur, Wissenschaft und Glauben überholt. In einem solchen Moment des geistigen Umbruchs sind Physiker und Biologen, Philosophen und Sozialwissenschaftler gleichermaßen gefordert, an der Grundlegung eines neuen Verständnisses von Mensch und Natur, Geist und Materie mitzuarbeiten. Denn eine Synthese unseres Wissens, die zu einer sinnstiftenden Einheit und Ganzheit unserer Erfahrungen führen soll, muß sich zunächst auf die Erkenntnisse der Einzelwissenschaften stützen, sollte auch andere Denktraditionen, wie etwa die der fernöstlichen Spiritualität und Weltweisheit, miteinbeziehen und die fundamentalen Einsichten der christlich-abendländischen Philosophie und Ethik nicht aus dem Auge verlieren.
Die auf dem Kongreß «Geist und Natur» in Hannover zusammengekommenen Wissenschaftler aller Disziplinen - darunter einige Nobelpreisträger - haben sich dieser Aufgabe gestellt und versucht, aus ihren unterschiedlichen Denkansätzen heraus neue, die Probleme unserer Zeit berücksichtigende Antworten auf die «letzten Fragen» zu finden wie: Was ist Geist? Was ist Natur, Materie? Was ist Bewußtsein? Was ist Zeit? Was ist Wirklichkeit? Aber nicht weniger intensiv wurden auch ganz konkrete Möglichkeiten zum Beispiel einer neuen ökologischen Ethik, einer Neuordnung der Weltwirtschaft und neuer Formen des Dialogs zwischen den Kulturen erwogen. Die Vorträge - oft von den bedeutendsten Vertretern ihres Fachgebiets gehalten - sind sowohl Bestandsaufnahme unserer gegenwärtigen geistigen und gesellschaftlichen Situation wie auch richtungweisend für die Zukunft. Dieser Band enthält die wichtigsten, interessantesten Beiträge zu dieser Diskussion, so daß sich dem Leser damit ein faszinierendes Kaleidoskop des heutigen Wissens und Denkens bietet.
- BK
- 08.00 Philosophie: Allgemeines
30.00 Naturwissenschaften allgemein: Allgemeines
- Classification
- CB 4150: Aufsatzsammlungen verschiedener Gelehrter / Philosophie / Allgemeines
08.00 Philosophie: Allgemeines
30.00 Naturwissenschaften allgemein: Allgemeines
- Content
- Inhalt: Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker: Geist und Natur - Hans-Peter Dürr: Wissenschaft und Wirklichkeit. Über die Beziehung zwischen dem Weltbild der Physik und der eigentlichen Wirklichkeit - Iiya Prigogine: Die Wiederentdeckung der Zeit. Naturwissenschaft in einer Welt begrenzter Vorhersagbarkeit - Hans Jonas: Geist, Natur und Schöpfung. Kosmologischer Befund und kosmogonische Vermutung - John C. Eccles: Der Ursprung des Geistes, des Bewußtseins und des Selbst-Bewußtseins im Rahmen der zerebralen Evolution - Francesco J. Varela: Über die Natur und die Natur des Erkennens - Ernst Pöppel: Verfügbarkeit und Verführbarkeit des Mentalen. Neuropsychologische Thesen - Ingo Rentschler: Weltbilder der Kunst - Erscheinungsformen der Wirklichkeit - Carolyn Merchant: Entwurf einer ökologischen Ethik - Francesco Forte: Vom Wettbewerb zur Kooperation - ein neuer Ansatz für die Weltwirtschaft - Hazel Henderson: Die Entstehung postökonomischer Paradigmen und ihr Einfluß auf eine postindustrielle Welt - Agehananda Bharati: Holistische Ansätze im indischen Denken über Geist und Natur - Raimundo Panikkar: Mythos und Logos. Mythologische und rationale Weltsichten - Seyyed Hossein Nasr: Mystik und Rationalität im Islam - Rocque Lobo: Der Umgang mit der Verunsicherungssynthese der Zeiterfahrung. Zu einer lebensnahen Theorie der Samädhi-Erfahrung in Yoga und Zen - Michael von Brück: Zeitlichkeit und mystische Einheitserfahrung - Hugo M. Enomiya-Lassalle SJ: Zen - Erleuchtungsweg und christliche Mystik - David Steindl-Rast: Arbeit und Schweigen - Handeln und Kontemplation - Kardinal Franz König: Die Verantwortung des Christen für eine Welt von morgen - Hans Sebald: New-Age-Spiritualität. Religiöse Synthese in der westlichen Welt von heute - Christof Schorsch: Versöhnung von Geist und Natur? Eine Kritik - Erwin Chargaff: Erforschung der Natur und Denaturierung des Menschen - Roger Garaudy: Der Sinn des Lebens und der Dialog der Kulturen - Karl Popper: Gedankenskizzen über das, was wichtig ist - Walther Ch. Zimmerli: Technik als Natur des westlichen Geistes
- RSWK
- Naturwissenschaften / Philosophie / Religion
Erkenntnistheorie / Naturwissenschaften / Wissenschaftstheorie / Kongreß
- RVK
- CB 4150: Aufsatzsammlungen verschiedener Gelehrter / Philosophie / Allgemeines
- Subject
- Naturwissenschaften / Philosophie / Religion
Erkenntnistheorie / Naturwissenschaften / Wissenschaftstheorie / Kongreß
-
Maturana, H.R.; Varela, F.J.: ¬Der Baum der Erkenntnis : die biologischen Wurzeln des menschlichen Erkennens (1991)
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- Abstract
- 2 chilenische Biologen versuchen, eine neue Weltsicht zu begründen. Sie lehnen materialistisch-mechanistische Auffassungen ab und betonen die enge Beziehung von Subjekt und Objekt, Erkenntnis und Erkanntem. (ÖVK)
- Classification
- WB 4000 Biologie / Bibliographien und Nachschlagewerke, Geschichte und Didaktik, Lehrbücher der Biologie / Biologie und Philosophie, Erkenntnis- und Wissenschaftstheorie
CZ 1300 Psychologie / Grenzgebiete der Psychologie / Neuropsychologie
- Issue
- 3. Aufl. Einzig berecht. Übers. aus d. Span. von Kurt Ludewig in Zusammenarbeit mit d. Inst. für System. Studien e.V., Hamburg.
- RSWK
- Naturwissenschaften / Weltbild (ÖVK)
- RVK
- WB 4000 Biologie / Bibliographien und Nachschlagewerke, Geschichte und Didaktik, Lehrbücher der Biologie / Biologie und Philosophie, Erkenntnis- und Wissenschaftstheorie
CZ 1300 Psychologie / Grenzgebiete der Psychologie / Neuropsychologie
- Subject
- Naturwissenschaften / Weltbild (ÖVK)
-
Weibel, P.: Wissen und Vision : Neue Schnittstellentechnologien der Wahrnehmung (2000)
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- Abstract
- Der Fortschritt der modernen Technologie hat auch einen Fortschritt in der Bildtechnologie bewirkt. Diesem ist es zuzuschreiben, dass Wissensmanagement nicht mehr nur textbasiert, sondern in zunehmendem Maße auch bildbasiert ist. Alle Formen der visuellen Repräsentation durchdringen alle Bereiche der Gesellschaft, die einer visuellen Repräsentation zugänglich sind, von den Kultur- bis zu den Naturwissenschaften. Auf diese Weise sind zwischen Kognition und Vision, Logik und Bild, Realität und Repräsentation neue interdisziplinäre Gleichungen entstanden. Für das Entstehen dieser neuen Zone zwischen der Geschichte der modernen Wissenschaft und der Geschichte der modernen Künste, zwischen der Berechenbarkeit und der Visualisierung von Daten, war insbesondere die Entwicklung der Computertechnologie ausschlaggebend. Heute finden sich auf der Basis computergestützter Simulation in einem neuen Feld jenseits des »Science War« wissenschaftliche und ästhetische Repräsentationstechniken vereint. Das Regime der Zeichen gleicht in einer zunehmend medienbasierten, künstlichen Wirklichkeit die historischen Unterschiede zwischen Natur und Kultur, zwischen Naturwissenschaft und Kulturtechnik, aus. Die Wissensgesellschaft der Zukunft wird von der neuen Logik des Bildes revolutioniert
- Source
- Weltwissen - Wissenswelt: Das globale Netz von Text und Bild. Hrsg.: Christa Maar, u.a
-
Fachschrifttum, Bibliothek und Naturwissenschaft im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert (1997)
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- Content
- Enthält u.a. die Beiträge: BIES, W.: Wissensorganisation am Beispiel der Ordnung der Büchermassen: Die historisch-philologisch geschulten Bibliothekare des 19. Jahrhunderts in Deutschland und die aufstrebenden Naturwissenschaften; LORENZ, B.: Bibliotheksklassifikation als Spiegel der Wissenschaftsentwicklung: Beobachtungen zu einem Spannungsverhältnis
- Series
- Wolfenbütteler Schriften zur Geschichte des Buchwesens; Bd.27
-
Kanitscheider, B.: Von der mechanistischen Welt zum kreativen Universum : zu einem neuen philosophischen Verständnis der Natur (1993)
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- BK
- 30.02 / Philosophie und Theorie der Naturwissenschaften
- Classification
- 30.02 / Philosophie und Theorie der Naturwissenschaften
CC 6300 Philosophie / Systematische Philosophie / Naturphilosophie / Abhandlungen
CC 3500 Philosophie / Systematische Philosophie / Spezielle Wissenschaftstheorie / Zur Wissenschaftstheorie der Physik
- RSWK
- Naturwissenschaften / Philosophie
Physik / Philosophie (BVB, HBZ)
Naturwissenschaften / Philosophie / Weltbild / Entwicklung (HBZ)
- RVK
- CC 6300 Philosophie / Systematische Philosophie / Naturphilosophie / Abhandlungen
CC 3500 Philosophie / Systematische Philosophie / Spezielle Wissenschaftstheorie / Zur Wissenschaftstheorie der Physik
- Subject
- Naturwissenschaften / Philosophie
Physik / Philosophie (BVB, HBZ)
Naturwissenschaften / Philosophie / Weltbild / Entwicklung (HBZ)
-
Suchenwirth, L.: Sacherschliessung in Zeiten von Corona : neue Herausforderungen und Chancen (2019)
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- Abstract
- Eine der wesentlichen Aufgaben als Fachreferent*in ist die inhaltliche Erschließung der neuerworbenen Literatur, sowie die Begutachtung und Auswahl der neu erschienenen Werke in den jeweiligen Fachgebieten hinsichtlich der Relevanz für die eigenen Sammlungen gemäß dem Sammlungsprofil der TU Wien Bibliothek. Im Zuge der Corona-Krise wurde die herkömmliche Arbeitsweise in der Sacherschließung beeinträchtigt, und es haben sich neue Herausforderungen, aber auch Möglichkeiten ergeben. Neben der fehlenden Autopsie der Literatur leidet auch die Sichtung und Erwerbung neuer Literatur unter der physischen Abwesenheit vom Arbeitsplatz bzw. der entsprechenden technischen Infrastruktur. Auch der persönliche Austausch mit den Kolleg*innen wurde deutlich erschwert. Neben den Schwierigkeiten wurden aber auch die neuen Handlungsoptionen auf beruflicher und individueller Ebene positiv gesehen. In dem Artikel werden unsere individuellen Erfahrungen an der TU Wien Bibliothek sowie Ausblicke in die Zukunft wiedergegeben.
- Footnote
- https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.univie.ac.at%2Findex.php%2Fvoebm%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F5332%2F5271%2F&usg=AOvVaw2yQdFGHlmOwVls7ANCpTii.
- Source
- Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare. 73(2020) H.3/4, S.496-503
-
Mittelstraß, J.: Leonardo-Welt : Über Wissenschaft, Forschung und Verantwortung (1996)
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- BK
- 02.10 / Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft
30.02 / Philosophie und Theorie der Naturwissenschaften
- Classification
- CC 3200 Philosophie / Systematische Philosophie / Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie / Abhandlungen zur allgemeinen Wissenschaftstheorie
CB 4100 Philosophie / Allgemeines / Lexika, Nachschlagewerke, Enzyklopädien, Gesammelte Abhandlungen / Gesammelte Abhandlungen einzelner Gelehrter
CC 8280 Philosophie / Systematische Philosophie / Geschichts- und Kulturphilosophie / Technik und Wissenschaft als Kulturproblem
02.10 / Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft
30.02 / Philosophie und Theorie der Naturwissenschaften
- RVK
- CC 3200 Philosophie / Systematische Philosophie / Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie / Abhandlungen zur allgemeinen Wissenschaftstheorie
CB 4100 Philosophie / Allgemeines / Lexika, Nachschlagewerke, Enzyklopädien, Gesammelte Abhandlungen / Gesammelte Abhandlungen einzelner Gelehrter
CC 8280 Philosophie / Systematische Philosophie / Geschichts- und Kulturphilosophie / Technik und Wissenschaft als Kulturproblem
-
Aufstellungssystematiken (1992-94)
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- Content
- 1. Allgemeines: Bibliographien, Nachschlagewerke, Wissenschaftskunde, Hochschulwesen, Buchwesen, Medien- u. Kommunikationswissenschaften, Umweltforschung. 4. Aufl. - 2. Theologie und Religionswissenschaft. Erg. der 4. Aufl. von 1987. - 3,1. Philosophie (CA-CI). Erg. der 4. Aufl. von 1989. - 4. Pädagogik (D). Erg. der 5. Aufl. von 1987. - 5. Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft: Indogermanistik, außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen (E). Erg. der 3. Aufl. von 1989. - 6. Klassische Philologie: Byzantinistik, mittellateinische und neugriechische Philologie, Neulatein (F). Erg. der 2. Aufl. von 1984. - 7. Germanistik: Niederindische Philologie, Skandinavistik (G). Erg. der 3. Aufl. von 1987. - 9,1. Romanistik (IA-IR): Romanistik allgemein und Westromania. 5. Aufl. - 9,2. Romanistik (IS-IX): Ostromania und Autorenregister. 5. Aufl. - 10. Slavistik (K). Erg. der 3. Aufl. von 1988. T.1.2. -11,2. Klassische Archäologie (LD-LG). Erg. der 3. Aufl. von 1984. - 11,3. Kunstgeschichte (LH-LO). Erg. der 3. Aufl. von 1988. - 11,4. Musikwissenschaft (LP-LY). Erg. der 3. Aufl von 1988. - 12,1. Politologie (MA-ML). 5. Aufl. - 12,2. Soziologie (MN-MS). Erg. der ?. Aufl. von 1990. - 12,3. Militärwissenschaft (MX-MZ). Erg. der 2. Aufl. von 1982. - 13. Geschichte (N). 6. Aufl., T.1.2. - 14. Rechtswissenschaft (P). 6. Aufl. - Geographie (R) 7. Aufl. - Informatik (SQ-SU) 6. Aufl. - 18,1. Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft (TA-TD). Erg. der 4. Aufl. von 1990. - 18,2. Geologie und Paläontologie (TE-TZ). Erg. der 4. Aufl. von 1990. - 20. Chemie und Pharmazie (V). &. Aufl. - 22/23. Medizin (WW-YZ). 5. Aufl. - 24,1. Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft (ZA-ZE). Nachdruck der 3. Aufl. von 1988. - 24,2. Technik (ZG-ZS). Erg. Nachdruck der 3. Aufl. von 1991. - 24,3. Sport (ZX-ZY). 5. Aufl. - 25. Studentenbücherei (O). Erg. der 3. Aufl. von 1988
-
Kanitscheider, B.: Im Innern der Natur : Philosophie und moderne Physik (1996)
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- Abstract
- Kanitscheider stellt die philosophischen Konsequenzen der heute gültigen grundlegenden physikalischen Theorie dar. Das Buch präsentiert das naturwissenschaftliche Weltbild, wie es sich in der philosophischen Reflexion darbietet. Es zielt auf einen durchgehenden Naturalismus, der auch das Dasein des Menschen und seine lebensweltliche Orientierung umfaßt.Bernulf Kanitscheider ist Professor für Philosophie der Naturwissenschaften an der Universität Gießen und Autor zahlreicher Publikationen.
- BK
- 30.02 / Philosophie und Theorie der Naturwissenschaften
- Classification
- 30.02 / Philosophie und Theorie der Naturwissenschaften
- RSWK
- Physik / Philosophie
Religion / Naturwissenschaften
- Subject
- Physik / Philosophie
Religion / Naturwissenschaften
-
Franz, P.; Liebscher, H.: Information (1997)
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- Source
- Philosophie und Naturwissenschaften: Wörterbuch zu den philosophischen Fragen der Naturwissenschaften. Hrsg.: H. Hörz u.a. Sonderausg. in einem Bd. nach der 3., vollst. überarb. Aufl. von 1991
-
Hayward, J.W.: ¬Die Erforschung der Innenwelt : Neue Wege zum wissenschaftlichen Verständnis von Wahrnehmung, Erkennen und Bewußtsein (1996)
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- Abstract
- Lange Zeit schien es, als habe die Naturwissenschaft den Geist aus der wissenschaftlichen Weltsicht verdrängt. Doch seit die Quantenphysik gezeigt hat, daß sich die Welt der Materie nicht ohne Einbeziehung des Bewußtseins erklären läßt, stellt sich den verschiedenen Naturwissenschaften immer dringlicher die Frage: Was ist der Geist? Wie funktioniert das Bewußtsein? Und wenn die Erkenntnis der Welt die Erkenntnis des Erkennenden voraussetzt - wie kann das Auge sich selbst sehen, der Verstand sich selbst verstehen, das Bewußtsein seine eigenen Funktionen erfassen? Diese Fragen zu beantworten ist das Ziel einer neuen, interdisziplinären Forschungsrichtung: der Kognitionswissenschaft. In ihr fließen Neurobiologie, experimentelle Psychologie, Verhaltens- und Bewußtseinsforschung, Künstliche Intelligenz und andere wissenschaftliche Disziplinen zusammen mit den Einsichten fernöstlicher Erkenntnislehren. Damit wird die Kognitionswissenschaft, die »neue Wissenschaft vom Bewußtsein«, den menschlichen Geist nicht nur theoretisch beschreiben, sondern auch Wege zu seiner Erweiterung und Transformation im Zeichen des Wertewandels in Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft aufzeigen können.
- Classification
- CC 6600 Philosophie / Systematische Philosophie / Philosophische Anthropologie / Abhandlungen
- Issue
- Aus dem amerikan. von Jochen Eggert.
- RSWK
- Buddhismus / Philosophie
Buddhismus / Philosophie / Wahrnehmung (GBV)
Buddhistische Philosophie (BVB)
- RVK
- CC 6600 Philosophie / Systematische Philosophie / Philosophische Anthropologie / Abhandlungen
- Subject
- Buddhismus / Philosophie
Buddhismus / Philosophie / Wahrnehmung (GBV)
Buddhistische Philosophie (BVB)
-
Breidbach, O.: Neue Wissensordnungen : wie aus Informationen und Nachrichten kulturelles Wissen entsteht (2008)
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- Abstract
- Anstelle von materiellen Dingen wird heute in unserer Gesellschaft vorwiegend Wissen produziert. Kultur als der Zusammenhang aller möglichen Interaktionen in einer menschlichen Gesellschaft fixiert und transformiert das historisch erwachsene Wissen, in dem sich diese Kultur etabliert. Wissen ist dabei auch nicht einfach die Summe der einzelnen Köpfe dieser Kultur, da diese ihr Wissen ja immer erst im Zusammenhang der Kultur, in der sie agieren, gewinnen und fixieren können. Was sind dann aber die Kriterien, an denen Wissen und Information zu bemessen sind, und inwieweit sind Wissen und Information dabei dann überhaupt voneinander abzugrenzen? Informationen sind zunächst einfach nur Mitteilungen oder Nachrichten. Solche Informationen sind, suche ich sie zu verwenden, dann aber auch zu bewerten, also auf den Gesamtkontext der schon verfügbaren Informationen zu beziehen. Diese Informationen werden demnach einander zugeordnet. Erst in dieser Ordnung entsteht Wissen. Schließlich werden in der Strukturierung der Informationen die Nachrichten zu den Teilen eines Ganzen, in dem sich ein Bild formiert, was mehr ist als die Summe seiner Teile. Der Autor untersucht die Bezugsrahmen, in denen Wissen entsteht. Dabei entdeckt er eine Art übergeordnete Instanz, die einzelne Daten zu bewerten erlaubt. Der Text berührt sowohl alte philosophische Traditionen wie auch - ausgehend von neurobiologischen Befunden - die mathematisch-technischen Funktionen einer modernen Wissenschaftskultur.
- BK
- 02.00 / Wissenschaft und Kultur allgemein: Allgemeines
- Classification
- CC 8400 Philosophie / Systematische Philosophie / Medienphilosphie
CC 4400 Philosophie / Systematische Philosophie / Erkenntnistheorie / Abhandlungen zur Erkenntnistheorie
CC 3200 Philosophie / Systematische Philosophie / Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie / Abhandlungen zur allgemeinen Wissenschaftstheorie
NU 1500 Geschichte / Geschichte der Wissenschaften und des Unterrichtswesens / Geschichte der Wissenschaften / Allgemeines
02.00 / Wissenschaft und Kultur allgemein: Allgemeines
- Date
- 22. 7.2009 13:43:50
- Footnote
- Rez. in: BuB 61(2009) H.4, S.281-282 (J. Eberhardt): "Die Bücher der im letzten Jahr gestarteten »Edition UnseId« sind dünn und preisgünstig, sie zielen damit auf ein größeres Publikum. Anspruchsvoll streben die ersten Bände der Edition danach, den Lesern die Welt zu erklären, oder kantischer noch, die Bedingungen einer solchen Welterklärung zu diskutieren. In diese Kategorie fällt auch der Band von Olaf Breidbach über die »Neuen Wissensordnungen«, der eben nicht bestimmtes Wissen vermitteln möchte, sondern das Wissen für sich als kulturelles und historisches Phänomen in den Blick nimmt. Das lässt eigentlich - für Bibliothekare als Arbeiter an oder in der Wissensordnung zumal - interessante Lektüre erwarten. Doch dürfte es auch außerhalb unseres Berufsstandes nicht allzu viele Leser geben, die Honig aus dem Büchlein saugen können, weil der Jenaer Professor für die Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften mehr Mühe auf die Ausbreitung seines reichen Materials denn auf seine Aufbereitung verwandt hat. Das Buch wird regiert von zwei Grundgedanken, die Breidbach verschiedentlich wiederholt. Der erste steckt auch im Titel: »Information« und »Wissen« sind nicht dasselbe, sondern Wissen entsteht erst aus Information, und zwar durch Interpretation und Reflexion. Wissen ist »interpretierte Information« (Seite 12, 168 und weitere). Der zweite betrifft das Wesen der Interpretation: Eine neue Information kann nur interpretiert werden, indem man sie in Beziehung setzt zu dem, was schon gewusst wird, also indem man sie in das »Netz« seines Wissens einbezieht - und dies führt notwendig dazu, dass das Netz sich verändert. Wissensordnung muss man dynamisch verstehen, nicht statisch! Das Buch versucht zu erklären, was diese beiden Gedanken bedeuten und welche Folgen sie haben dafür, wie Wissensordnung zu modellieren wäre. Dem ersten Gedanken nähert man sich vielleicht am einfachsten über einen Vergleich mit der platonischen Wissensauffassung, die als Diskussionsfolie auch noch die zeitgenössische Erkenntnistheorie regiert. . . .
... ist Interessierten eher David Weinbergers weniger anspruchsvolle, dafür aber ansprechendere und mehr an der bibliothekarischen Praxis orientierte, gut gelaunte kleine Kultur- und Handlungsgeschichte der Wissensordnung »Everything is miscellaneous« zu empfehlen (siehe auch die Rezension von Jürgen Plieninger in BuB Heft 10/2007, Seite 750/751). Das Buch liegt mittlerweile in deutscher Übersetzung (»Das Ende der Schublade«, Hanser 2008) vor."
- RVK
- CC 8400 Philosophie / Systematische Philosophie / Medienphilosphie
CC 4400 Philosophie / Systematische Philosophie / Erkenntnistheorie / Abhandlungen zur Erkenntnistheorie
CC 3200 Philosophie / Systematische Philosophie / Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie / Abhandlungen zur allgemeinen Wissenschaftstheorie
NU 1500 Geschichte / Geschichte der Wissenschaften und des Unterrichtswesens / Geschichte der Wissenschaften / Allgemeines
-
Kühne, A. (Bearb.): Bibliographie zum Schrifttum des 16. Jahrhunderts : mit einem Verzeichnis der wesentlichen Buchbestände des 16. Jahrhunderts in deutschen Bibliotheken und Archiven (1995)
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- Imprint
- München : Institut für Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften
- Series
- Materialien zur Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften; 1) (Münchener Universitätsschriften)
-
Daniel, H.-D.: Guardians of science : fairness and reliabiblity of peer review (1993)
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- BK
- 30.04 / Ausbildung, Beruf, Organisationen <Naturwissenschaften allgemein>
30.03 / Methoden und Techniken in den Naturwissenschaften
- Classification
- VB 4400 Chemie und Pharmazie / Bibliographien und Nachschlagewerke, Geschichte und Didaktik der Chemie und Pharmazie, Betriebssicherheit / Richtlinien für die Abfassung und Drucklegung chemischer Literatur Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten; Kongreßplanung Englisch für Chemiker u.ä. / Allgemeines
CM 2200 Psychologie / Allgemeines. Geschichte und Methodik / Methodik und Wissenschaftstheorie der Psychologie
30.04 / Ausbildung, Beruf, Organisationen <Naturwissenschaften allgemein>
30.03 / Methoden und Techniken in den Naturwissenschaften
- RVK
- VB 4400 Chemie und Pharmazie / Bibliographien und Nachschlagewerke, Geschichte und Didaktik der Chemie und Pharmazie, Betriebssicherheit / Richtlinien für die Abfassung und Drucklegung chemischer Literatur Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten; Kongreßplanung Englisch für Chemiker u.ä. / Allgemeines
CM 2200 Psychologie / Allgemeines. Geschichte und Methodik / Methodik und Wissenschaftstheorie der Psychologie
-
Regensburger Verbundklassifikation : Fachsystematiken (1990-)
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- Content
- 1. (A) Allgemeines, Bibliographien, Nachschlagewerke, Wissenschaftskunde, Hochschulwesen, Buchwesen, Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaften, Umwelt 4. Aufl. 1993. - 2. (B) Theologie und Religionswissenschaften 1993 (Erg. der 4. Aufl. 1987). - 3,1. (CA-CI) Philosphie 1992 (Erg. der 4. Aufl. 1989). - 3,2. (CL-CZ) Psychologie 1990. - 4. (D) Pädagogik 1993 (Erg. der 5. Aufl. 1987). - 5. (E) Allgemeine und vergleichene Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaften. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen 1993 (Erg. der 3. Aufl. 1989). - 6. (F) Klassische Philologie. Byzantinistik. Mittellat. und neugriech. Philologie. Neulatein. 1993 (Erg. der 2. Aufl. 1984). - 7. (G) Germanistik. Niederländische Philologie. Skandinavistik 1993 (Erg. der 3. Aufl. 1987). - 8. (H) Anglistik. Amerikanistik 5. Aufl.1995. - 9,1+2. (I) Romanistik 5. Aufl. 1992. - 10,1+2. (K) Slavistik 1994 (Erg. der 3 Aufl. 1988). - 11,1. (LA-LC) Ethnologie (Volks- und Völkerkunde) 5. Aufl. 1994. - 11,2. (LD-LG) Klassische Archäologie 1993 (Erg. der 3 Aufl. 1984). - 11,3. (LH-LO) Kunstgeschichte 1992 (Erg. der 3. Aufl. 1988) . - 11,4. (LP-LY) Musikwissenschaft 1993 (Erg. der 3. Aufl. 1988). - 12,1. (MA-MM) Politologie 5. Aufl. 1993. - 12,2. (MN-MW) Soziologie 1993 (Erg. der 6. Aufl 1990). - 12,3. (MX-MZ) Militärwissenschaft 1993 (Erg. der 2. Aufl. 1982). - 13,1+2. (N) Geschichte 6. Aufl. 1993. - 14. (P) Rechtswissenschaft 7. Aufl. 1992. - 15. (Q) Wirtschaftswissenschaften 4. Aufl. 1992. - 16. (R) Geographie 7. Aufl. 1993. - 17,1. (SA-SP) Mathematik 6. Aufl. 1992. - 17,2. (SQ-SU) Informatik 6. Aufl. 1993. - 18,1. (TA-TD) Allg. Naturwissenschaften 1993 (Erg. der 4. Aufl. 1990). - 18,2. (TE-TZ) Geologie und Paläontologie 1993 (Erg. der 4. Aufl 1990). - 19. (U) Physik 6. Aufl. 1994. - 20. (V) Chemie und Pharmazie 6. Aufl. 1993. - 21. (W) Biologie und vorklinische Medizin 4. Aufl. 1991. - 22/23. (WW-YZ) Medizin 5. Aufl. 1992. - 24,1. (ZA-ZE) Land- und Forstwirtschaft. Gartenbau. Fischereiwirtschaft. Hauswirtschaft 1993 (Erg. der 3. Aufl. 1988). - 24,2. (ZG-ZS) Technik 1993 (Erg. der 3. Aufl. 1991). - 24,3. (ZX-ZY) Sport 5. Aufl. 1993. - 25. (O) Studentenbücherei 1992 (Erg. der 3. Aufl. 1988)
- Footnote
- Die Register sind teilweise mit dem SWD-Vokabular abgestimmt. - Aktuelle Übersicht der Systematik nebst Berichterstattung über Veränderungen enthalten in: Rundbrief zur Regensburger Verbundklassifikation
-
Schrödinger, E.: Geist und Materie (1959)
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- Content
- Darin das Zitat: "Die Welt ist ein Konstrukt aus unseren Empfindungen, Wahrnehmungen, Erinnerungen. Zwar ist es bequem, sie uns an und für sich einfach schlechthin vorhanden zu denken. Aber sie ist anscheinend nicht schon durch ihr bloßes Vorhandensein auch wirklich manifest." [nach: http://www.quantum-cognition.de/texts/srod2.html].
- Field
- Philosophie
- Footnote
- Originaltitel: Mind and matter. Dt. Ausg. der Tarner Lectures Mind and Matter abgehalten am Trinity College, Cambridge, England, im Oktober 1956.
- Issue
- Aus dem Engl. übers.
- RSWK
- Weltbild / Naturwissenschaften
- Subject
- Weltbild / Naturwissenschaften
-
Shala, E.: ¬Die Autonomie des Menschen und der Maschine : gegenwärtige Definitionen von Autonomie zwischen philosophischem Hintergrund und technologischer Umsetzbarkeit (2014)
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- Abstract
- Werden Maschinen mit Begriffen beschrieben, die ursprünglich der Beschreibung des Menschen dienen, so liegt zunächst der Verdacht nahe, dass jene Maschinen spezifischmenschliche Fähigkeiten oder Eigenschaften besitzen. Für körperliche Fähigkeiten, die mechanisch nachgeahmt werden, hat sich in der Alltagssprache eine anthropomorphisierende Sprechweise bereits etabliert. So wird kaum in Frage gestellt, dass bestimmte Maschinen weben, backen, sich bewegen oder arbeiten können. Bei nichtkörperlichen Eigenschaften, etwa kognitiver, sozialer oder moralischer Art sieht dies jedoch anders aus. Dass mittlerweile intelligente und rechnende Maschinen im alltäglichen Sprachgebrauch Eingang gefunden haben, wäre jedoch undenkbar ohne den langjährigen Diskurs über Künstliche Intelligenz, welcher insbesondere die zweite Hälfte des vergangenen Jahrhunderts geprägt hat. In jüngster Zeit ist es der Autonomiebegriff, welcher zunehmend Verwendung zur Beschreibung neuer Technologien findet, wie etwa "autonome mobile Roboter" oder "autonome Systeme". Dem Begriff nach rekurriert die "Autonomie" jener Technologien auf eine bestimmte Art technologischen Fortschritts, die von der Fähigkeit zur Selbstgesetzgebung herrührt. Dies wirft aus philosophischer Sicht jedoch die Frage auf, wie die Selbstgesetzgebung in diesem Fall definiert ist, zumal sich der Autonomiebegriff in der Philosophie auf die politische oder moralische Selbstgesetzgebung von Menschen oder Menschengruppen beziehungsweise ihre Handlungen bezieht. Im Handbuch Robotik hingegen führt der Autor geradezu beiläufig die Bezeichnung "autonom" ein, indem er prognostiziert, dass "[.] autonome Roboter in Zukunft sogar einen Großteil der Altenbetreuung übernehmen werden."
- Content
- Redigierte Version der Magisterarbeit, Karlsruhe, KIT, Inst. für Philosophie, 2012.
- Footnote
- Vgl. unter: https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwizweHljdbcAhVS16QKHXcFD9QQFjABegQICRAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F271200105_Die_Autonomie_des_Menschen_und_der_Maschine_-_gegenwartige_Definitionen_von_Autonomie_zwischen_philosophischem_Hintergrund_und_technologischer_Umsetzbarkeit_Redigierte_Version_der_Magisterarbeit_Karls&usg=AOvVaw06orrdJmFF2xbCCp_hL26q.
-
Schneider, G; Nestler, F.: Handbuch der Bibliographie (1999)
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- Abstract
- Seit seinem Erscheinen 1923 liegt dieses zum Standardwerk gewordene Handbuch von Georg Schneider zum zweiten Mal in veränderter Gestalt vor. Die von Friedrich Nestler nun völlig neu bearbeitete Ausgabe behält den Umfang der letzten, fünften Auflage von 1969 bei, nimmt aber die sehr zahlreichen Neuerscheinungen aus reichlich 6 Jahrzehnten sowie die elektronischen verzeichnisse auf und trennt sich weitgehend von älterer Literatur. Dafür sind die Kapitel übersichtlicher angeordnet, um den Stoff strukturell zu straffen, indem die allgemeinen Kataloge, die Bibliographien der Zeitschriften, der Gesellschaftsschriften, der Hochschul- und Schulschriften sowie der amtlichen und der privaten Drucke anders zugeordnet sind. Die Untergliederung folgt formalen, alphabetischen und chronologischen Merkmalen, um das Nachschlagen zu erleichtern
- Content
- Geschichte der Bibliographie; Bibliographien der Bibliographien; Allgemeine International Bibliographien; Biobliophile Verzeichnisse; Inkunabelverzeichnisse; Listen guter und schlechter Bücher; Allgemeine nationale Bibliographien; Register
-
Bunge, M.; Mahner, M.: Über die Natur der Dinge : Materialismus und Wissenschaft (2004)
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- Abstract
- Für den Idealismus stellt das menschliche Bewusstsein das Zentrum der Welt dar, für den Materialismus dagegen ist die reale Welt das Primäre und der Mensch ihr Produkt. Obwohl der Materialismus so alt ist wie die Philosophie selbst, bildete er stets die Minderheitenposition. Nun scheinen vor allem die Naturwissenschaften die materialistische Sicht der 'Natur der Dinge' zu bestätigen. Doch ist die Wissenschaft wirklich materialistisch? Und was können Philosophen in unserer Zeit noch über die Natur der Dinge sagen, wo doch hier die Naturwissenschaftler das Wort führen? Dieses Buch zeigt, was dies im Sinne eines modernen Materialismus sein kann. Der Materialismus hatte seit seiner Entstehung in der griechischen und indischen Antike immer einen starken aufklärerischen und emanzipatorischen Aspekt, weil er sich stets gegen die herrschenden Illusionen wandte. Dadurch wirkte er zugleich befreiend und bedrohlich. Auch dieser Aspekt der materialistischen Tradition kommt hier zur Sprache.
- BK
- 30.01 Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften
- Classification
- TB 6200
30.01 Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften
- Field
- Naturwissenschaften
- Footnote
- Rez. in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft 2006, H.2, S.100-101 (O. Walkenhorst): "Um seinen Zeitgenossen die Furcht vor den Göttern und dem Tod zu nehmen, verfasste der römische Dichter und Philosoph Lukrez (97-55 v. Chr.) sein von der materialistischen Atomlehre der griechischen Antike geprägtes Lehrgedicht "De rerum natura" (»Über die Natur der Dinge«) - und wurde so zu einem einflussreichen Popularisierer eines aufgeklärten wissenschaftlichen Weltbildes. Mit dem respektvoll von Lukrez entlehnten Titel erinnern der argentinische Physiker und Philosoph Mario Bunge und der Biologe Martin Mahner an diese alte materialistische Tradition. In erster Linie aber wollen sie einen breiten Leserkreis vom modernen Materialismus überzeugen. Warum ist ihnen das wichtig? Erstens versuchen sie zu zeigen, dass nur der Materialismus konsistente philosophische Voraussetzungen für die Realwissen schaften schaffen kann, obwohl deren Vertreter sich nicht einmütig zu ihm bekennen und manchmal sogar glauben, ganz ohne Philosophie auskommen zu können. Zweitens wollen sie das emanzipatorische Potenzial des Materialismus konsequent nutzbar machen und so Argumente gegen Pseudowissenschaft, Religion und Esoterik liefern. Seit der Antike stehen sieh mit dem Idealismus und dem Materialismus zwei radikal verschiedene philosophische Weltbilder gegenüber. Dabei geht es grob gesprochen um die Frage, ob ausschließlich das Geistig-Ideelle oder ausschließlich das Materielle real existiert. Als Materialisten vertreten Bunge und Mahner den zweiten Standpunkt; aber auch der Materialismus kennt noch zahlreiche Spielarten. Die Autoren grenzen sich insbesondere vom Physikalismus und vorn Dialektischen Materialismus ab: An Ersterem kritisieren sie die reduktionistische These, die Welt könne allein von der Physik her erklärt werden; bei Letzterem nehmen sie Anstoß an einigen der so genannten Gesetze der Dialektik. Ein Objekt ist nach Bunge und Mahner genau dann materiell - und damit real existent -, wenn es veränderbar ist, das heißt, wenn der Wert mindestens einer Eigenschaft des Objekts sich im Lauf der Zeit ändern kann. Dieses Kriterium ist brauchbarer als andere häufig verwendete Kriterien wie sinnliche Wahrnehmbarkeit, Massehaltigkeit oder raumzeitliche Lokalisierbarkeit. Auf diese Weise können nämlich unter anderem auch elektromagnetische Felder als materiell angesehen werden. Energie gilt nicht als immateriell, da sie als Eigenschaft materieller Objekte interpretiert wird. Die von Bunge und Mahner vertretene Form des Materialismus heißt »emergentistisch« und ist charakterisiert durch eine starke Betonung des Systemgedankens: Jedes Ding ist ein System oder Bestandteil eines Systems. Und Systeme haben emergente Eigenschaften, das sind solche, die keiner der Bestandteile des Systems besitzt. Als Paradebeispiele gelten die Flüssigkeit von Wasser (einzelne Moleküle sind nicht flüssig) oder die Lebendigkeit einer Zelle (einzelne Moleküle sind nicht lebendig). Die Existenzweise des Geistig-Ideellen, also abstrakter Objekte wie Zahlen oder mythologischer Personen, ist für Materialisten meist eine harte Nuss. Die Autoren verstehen abstrakte Objekte als Äquivalenzklassen von möglichen Gedanken, das heißt als das, was ähnlichen Gedanken, die in verschiedenen Gehirnen gedacht werden können, gemeinsam ist. Abstrakten Objekten kommt daher bloß der Status der fiktiven Existenz zu, die gleichsam zeitlos ist, da sich in Wirklichkeit immer nur die denkenden Gehirne verändern. Gemäß dieser Auflassung gibt es keine Gedanken ohne denkende Gehirne und somit auch keine Ideen im Sinne Platons, die in einem »idealen Begriffs-Steinbruch« abgebaut werden könnten. In diesem Zusammenhang lehnen die Autoren auch die bei Naturwissenschaftlern und Hobbyphilosophen beliebte Drei-Welten-Lehre von Popper als »Monster traditioneller Metaphysik« ab.
Aber hat nicht die Quantenmechanik die Grundannahmen des Materialismus letztendlich widerlegt? Diese Frage verneinen die Autoren entschieden, obwohl aus der Kopenhagener Deutung und der Heisenberg'schen Unschärferelation »viele subjektivistische und indeterministische Philosophen Honig gesaugt haben«. In Wirklichkeit jedoch beschreibe die Quantenmechanik die objektive Realität unabhängig von Messgerät und Beobachter, und der quantenmechanische Determinismus reiche auf Grund seiner stochastischen Komponente zwar über den klassischen Determinismus hinaus, sei aber weit entfernt von einem radikalen Indeterminismus. Ebenso entschieden wenden sich Bunge und Mahner gegen nichtmaterialistische Lösungen des Gehirn-Geist-Problems. Geist sei eben nicht immateriell, sondern eine emergente Eigenschaft des materiellen Systems Gehirn. Und Dinge könnten - im Gegensatz zur Auffassung des Physikalismus - nicht nur physikalische Eigenschaften haben, sondern auch biotische, soziale oder mentale. Schließlich begeben sich die Autoren auf das Feld von Ethik und Religion. Dass beide notwendig miteinander verbunden seien, erklären sie zum »populären Irrtum«; darüber hinaus lassen sie an der christlichen Ethik samt Gebotstheorie und Naturrechtslehre kein gutes Haar. Stattdessen betonen sie die Fortschrittlichkeit einer materialistischen Ethik, in der Werte nicht an sich existieren, sondern nur in Bezug auf bestimmte Organismen und abhängig von deren Bedürfnissen und Interessen. Im Übrigen seien das wissenschaftliche und das religiöse Weltbild wegen unauflöslicher Konflikte absolut unvereinbar. Umso verwunderlicher also, dass viele herausragende Wissenschaftler wie zum Beispiel Isaac Newton zutiefst religiös waren und kurioserweise durch ihre Forschung den Plan des Schöpfers enträtseln wollten. Das alles ist nun im Einzelnen nicht neu. Aber es ist übersichtlich und systematisch zusammengestellt, und die philosophischen Begriffe werden stets präzise und verständlich eingeführt. Die Autoren sezieren ihre Gegner gründlich und können dabei im Großen und Ganzen auch überzeugen. Der Text bleibt allerdings - trotz des Bemühens um einen lockeren Stil mit zahlreichen polemischen Spitzen - streckenweise etwas trocken. Zudem ist inhaltlich einiges zu kritisieren: Bei der ethischen Diskussion um »Personenrechte statt Menschenrechte« bleibt die klare Distanzierung von radikalen Bioethikern wie Peter Singer aus; irritierend ist auch die Einteilung ethischer Probleme in mini-ethische (zum Beispiel Abtreibung und Euthanasie) und mega-ethische (zum Beispiel Armut und Überbevölkerung), wobei angeblich nur letztere einer ergänzenden politischen Philosophie bedürfen. Ebenso verspürt man Unbehagen bei dem recht traditionellen Wissenschaftsverständnis von Bunge und Mahner, die mindestens unterschwellig den Mythos der Objektivität und Rationalität von Wissenschaft permanent verteidigen. Dabei würde auch der Wissenschaft ein weniger idealisiertes Bild letztlich eher nutzen als schaden."
- RVK
- TB 6200
