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Wildgen, W.: Semantischer Realismus und Antirealismus in der Sprachtheorie (1992)
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- Series
- Philosophie und Geschichte der Wissenschaften; Bd.18
- Source
- Wirklichkeit und Wissen: Realismus, Antirealismus und Wirklichkeits-Konzeptionen in Philosophie und Wissenschaften. Hrsg.: H.J. Sandkühler
-
Kutschera, F. von: ¬Der erkenntnistheoretische Realismus (1992)
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- Series
- Philosophie und Geschichte der Wissenschaften; Bd.18
- Source
- Wirklichkeit und Wissen: Realismus, Antirealismus und Wirklichkeits-Konzeptionen in Philosophie und Wissenschaften. Hrsg.: H.J. Sandkühler
-
Franzen, W.: Idealismus statt Realismus? : Realismus plus Skeptizismus! (1992)
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- Philosophie und Geschichte der Wissenschaften; Bd.18
- Source
- Wirklichkeit und Wissen: Realismus, Antirealismus und Wirklichkeits-Konzeptionen in Philosophie und Wissenschaften. Hrsg.: H.J. Sandkühler
-
Sandkühler, H.J.: Epistemologischer Realismus und die Wirklichkeit des Wissens : eine Verteidigung der Philosophie des Geistes gegen Naturalismus und Reduktionismus (1992)
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- Series
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- Source
- Wirklichkeit und Wissen: Realismus, Antirealismus und Wirklichkeits-Konzeptionen in Philosophie und Wissenschaften. Hrsg.: H.J. Sandkühler
-
Roth, G.; Schwegler, H.: Kognitive Referenz und Selbstreferentialität des Gehirns : ein Beitrag zur Klärung des Verhältnisses zwischen Erkenntnistheorie und Hirnforschung (1992)
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- Philosophie und Geschichte der Wissenschaften; Bd.18
- Source
- Wirklichkeit und Wissen: Realismus, Antirealismus und Wirklichkeits-Konzeptionen in Philosophie und Wissenschaften. Hrsg.: H.J. Sandkühler
-
Auer, S.; Sens, I.; Stocker, M.: Erschließung wissenschaftlicher Literatur mit dem Open Research Knowledge Graph (2020)
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- Abstract
- Die Weitergabe von Wissen hat sich seit vielen hundert Jahren nicht grundlegend verändert: Sie erfolgt in der Regel dokumentenbasiert - früher als klassischer Aufsatz auf Papier gedruckt, heute als PDF. Bei jährlich rund 2,5 Millionen neuen Forschungsbeiträgen ertrinken die Forschenden in einer Flut pseudodigitalisierter PDF-Publikationen. Die Folge: Die Forschung wird ernsthaft geschwächt. Denn viele Forschungsergebnisse können durch andere nicht reproduziert werden, es gibt mehr und mehr Redundanzen und das Meer von Publikationen ist unübersichtlich. Deshalb denkt die TIB - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften Wissenskommunikation neu: Statt auf statische PDF-Artikel setzt die TIB auf Wissensgraphen. Sie arbeitet daran, Wissen unterschiedlichster Form - Texte, Bilder, Grafiken, Audio- und Video-Dateien, 3D-Modelle und vieles mehr - intuitiv mithilfe dynamischer Wissensgraphen zu vernetzen. Der Wissensgraph soll verschiedene Forschungsideen, -ansätze, -methoden und -ergebnisse maschinenlesbar darstellen, sodass völlig neue Zusammenhänge von Wissen zutage treten und zur Lösung globaler Probleme beitragen könnten. Die großen gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen verlangen Interdisziplinarität und das Zusammenfügen von Erkenntnis-Einzelteilen. Mit dem Wissensgraphen kann das gelingen und der Fluss wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse revolutioniert werden.
-
Hunger, M.; Neubauer, P.: ¬Die vernetzte Welt : Abfragesprachen für Graphendatenbanken (2013)
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- Abstract
- Graphendatenbanken sind darauf optimiert, stark miteinander vernetzte Informationen effizient zu speichern und greifbar zu machen. Welchen Ansprüchen müssen Abfragesprachen genügen, damit sie für die Arbeit mit diesen Datenbanken geeignet sind? Bei der Aufarbeitung realer Informationen zeigt sich, dass ein hoher, aber unterschätzter Wert in den Beziehungen zwischen Elementen steckt. Seien es Ereignisse aus Geschichte und Politik, Personen in realen und virtuellen sozialen Netzen, Proteine und Gene, Abhängigkeiten in Märkten und Ökonomien oder Rechnernetze, Computer, Software und Anwender - alles ist miteinander verbunden. Der Graph ist ein Datenmodell, das solche Verbindungsgeflechte abbilden kann. Leider lässt sich das Modell mit relationalen und Aggregat-orientierten NoSQL-Datenbanken ab einer gewissen Komplexität jedoch schwer handhaben. Graphendatenbanken sind dagegen darauf optimiert, solche stark miteinander vernetzten Informationen effizient zu speichern und greifbar zu machen. Auch komplexe Fragen lassen sich durch ausgefeilte Abfragen schnell beantworten. Hierbei kommt es auf die geeignete Abfragesprache an.
-
Zeng, Q.; Yu, M.; Yu, W.; Xiong, J.; Shi, Y.; Jiang, M.: Faceted hierarchy : a new graph type to organize scientific concepts and a construction method (2019)
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- Content
- Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Faclanthology.org%2FD19-5317.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0ZZFyq5wWTtNTvNkrvjlGA.
-
Boteram, F.: Semantische Relationen in Dokumentationssprachen : vom Thesaurus zum semantischen Netz (2010)
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- Abstract
- Moderne Verfahren des Information Retrieval verlangen nach aussagekräftigen und detailliert relationierten Dokumentationssprachen. Der selektive Transfer einzelner Modellierungsstrategien aus dem Bereich semantischer Technologien für die Gestaltung und Relationierung bestehender Dokumentationssprachen wird diskutiert. In Form einer Taxonomie wird ein hierarchisch strukturiertes Relationeninventar definiert, welches sowohl hinreichend allgemeine als auch zahlreiche spezifische Relationstypen enthält, die eine detaillierte und damit aussagekräftige Relationierung des Vokabulars ermöglichen. Das bringt einen Zugewinn an Übersichtlichkeit und Funktionalität. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Ansätzen und Überlegungen zur Schaffung von Relationeninventaren entwickelt der vorgestellte Vorschlag das Relationeninventar aus der Begriffsmenge eines bestehenden Gegenstandsbereichs heraus.
- Series
- Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation; Bd.11
- Source
- Wissensspeicher in digitalen Räumen: Nachhaltigkeit - Verfügbarkeit - semantische Interoperabilität. Proceedings der 11. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation, Konstanz, 20. bis 22. Februar 2008. Hrsg.: J. Sieglerschmidt u. H.P.Ohly
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Cui, H.: Competency evaluation of plant character ontologies against domain literature (2010)
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- Date
- 1. 6.2010 9:55:22
- Field
- Biologie
-
Marcondes, C.H.; Costa, L.C da.: ¬A model to represent and process scientific knowledge in biomedical articles with semantic Web technologies (2016)
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- Date
- 12. 3.2016 13:17:22
- Field
- Biologie
-
Knorz, G.; Rein, B.: Semantische Suche in einer Hochschulontologie (2005)
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- Abstract
- Ontologien werden eingesetzt, um durch semantische Fundierung insbesondere für das Dokumentenretrieval eine grundlegend bessere Basis zu haben, als dies gegenwärtiger Stand der Technik ist. Vorgestellt wird eine an der FH Darmstadt entwickelte und eingesetzte Ontologie, die den Gegenstandsbereich Hochschule sowohl breit abdecken und gleichzeitig differenziert semantisch beschreiben soll. Das Problem der semantischen Suche besteht nun darin, dass sie für Informationssuchende so einfach wie bei gängigen Suchmaschinen zu nutzen sein soll, und gleichzeitig auf der Grundlage des aufwendigen Informationsmodells hochwertige Ergebnisse liefern muss. Es wird beschrieben, welche Möglichkeiten die verwendete Software K-Infinity bereitstellt und mit welchem Konzept diese Möglichkeiten für eine semantische Suche nach Dokumenten und anderen Informationseinheiten (Personen, Veranstaltungen, Projekte etc.) eingesetzt werden.
- Date
- 11. 2.2011 18:22:58
- Source
- Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 56(2005) H.5/6, S.281-290
-
Rahmstorf, G.: Strukturierung von inhaltlichen Daten : Topic Maps und Concepto (2004)
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- Abstract
- Topic Maps auf der einen Seite und das Programm Concepto auf der anderen Seite werden beschrieben. Mt Topic Maps können Wortnetze und einfache Satzstrukturen dargestellt werden. Concepto dient zur Erfassung, Bearbeitung und Visualisierung von Wortschatz und Strukturen. Es unterstützt ein Wortmodell, bei dem die verschiedenen Lesarten eines Wortes erfasst und einfachen, formalsprachlichen Begriffen zugewiesen werden können. Die Funktionen beider Systeme werden verglichen. Es wird dargestellt, was an Topic Maps und an Concepto ergänzt werden müsste, wenn beide Systeme einen kompatiblen, wechselseitigen Datenaustausch zulassen sollen. Diese Erweiterungen würden die Anwendbarkeit der Systeme noch interessanter machen.
- Series
- Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation; Bd.7
- Source
- Wissensorganisation und Edutainment: Wissen im Spannungsfeld von Gesellschaft, Gestaltung und Industrie. Proceedings der 7. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation, Berlin, 21.-23.3.2001. Hrsg.: C. Lehner, H.P. Ohly u. G. Rahmstorf
-
Held, C.; Cress, U.: Social Tagging aus kognitionspsychologischer Sicht (2008)
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- Abstract
- Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt Social-Tagging-Systeme aus theoretisch-kognitionspsychologischer Perspektive und zeigt einige Parallelen und Analogien zwischen Social Tagging und der individuellen kognitiven bedeutungsbezogenen Wissensrepräsentation auf. Zuerst werden wesentliche Aspekte von Social Tagging vorgestellt, die für eine psychologische Betrachtungsweise von Bedeutung sind. Danach werden Modelle und empirische Befunde der Kognitionswissenschaften bezüglich der Speicherung und des Abrufs von Inhalten des Langzeitgedächtnisses beschrieben. Als Drittes werden Parallelen und Unterschiede zwischen Social Tagging und der internen Wissensrepräsentation erläutert und die Möglichkeit von individuellen Lernprozessen durch Social-Tagging-Systeme aufgezeigt.
- Footnote
- Beitrag der Tagung "Social Tagging in der Wissensorganisation" am 21.-22.02.2008 am Institut für Wissensmedien (IWM) in Tübingen.
- Series
- Medien in der Wissenschaft; Bd.47
- Source
- Good tags - bad tags: Social Tagging in der Wissensorganisation. Hrsg.: B. Gaiser, u.a
-
Baumer, C.; Reichenberger, K.: Business Semantics - Praxis und Perspektiven (2006)
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- Abstract
- Der Artikel führt in semantische Technologien ein und gewährt Einblick in unterschiedliche Entwicklungsrichtungen. Insbesondere werden Business Semantics vorgestellt und vom Semantic Web abgegrenzt. Die Stärken von Business Semantics werden speziell an den Praxisbeispielen des Knowledge Portals und dem Projekt "Knowledge Base" der Wienerberger AG veranschaulicht. So werden die Anforderungen - was brauchen Anwendungen in Unternehmen heute - und die Leistungsfähigkeit von Systemen - was bieten Business Semantics - konkretisiert und gegenübergestellt.
- Source
- Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 57(2006) H.6/7, S.359-366
-
Kunze, C.: Lexikalisch-semantische Wortnetze in Sprachwissenschaft und Sprachtechnologie (2006)
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- Abstract
- Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Strukturierungsprinzipien und Anwendungskontexte lexikalisch-semantischer Wortnetze, insbesondere des deutschen Wortnetzes GermaNet. Wortnetze sind zurzeit besonders populäre elektronische Lexikonressourcen, die große Abdeckungen semantisch strukturierter Datenfür verschiedene Sprachen und Sprachverbünde enthalten. In Wortnetzen sind die häufigsten und wichtigsten Konzepte einer Sprache mit ihren elementaren Bedeutungsrelationen repräsentiert. Zentrale Anwendungen für Wortnetze sind u.a. die Lesartendisambiguierung und die Informationserschließung. Der Artikel skizziert die neusten Szenarien, in denen GermaNet eingesetzt wird: die Semantische Informationserschließung und die Integration allgemeinsprachlicher Wortnetze mit terminologischen Ressourcen vordem Hintergrund der Datenkonvertierung in OWL.
- Source
- Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 57(2006) H.6/7, S.309-314
-
Kless, D.: Erstellung eines allgemeinen Standards zur Wissensorganisation : Nutzen, Möglichkeiten, Herausforderungen, Wege (2010)
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- Abstract
- Zur Organisation und zum besseren Auffinden von Wissen werden häufig verschiedene Typen von Vokabularen verwendet. Aufgrund ihres Ursprungs in unterschiedlichen Communities werden die Vokabulare mit unterschiedlicher Terminologie sowie jeweils eigenen Methoden und Werkzeugen beschrieben und sind, wenn überhaupt, unterschiedlich stark und mit unterschiedlichem Fokus standardisiert. Um dieser Entwicklung zu entgegnen, müssen zum einen die Standards für die verschiedenen Vokabulartypen (weiter-)entwickelt werden und dabei auf gemeinsame, heute allgemein anerkannte Modellierungssprachen (z.B. UML) und XML-basierte Auszeichnungssprachen zurückgreifen. Zum anderen ist ein Meta-Standard nötig, der die Terminologie der verschiedenen Communities aufeinander abbildet und die Vokabulare vergleichbar macht. Dies würde nicht nur die qualifizierte Auswahl eines Vokabulartyps ermöglichen, sondern auch deren gegenseitiges Abbilden (Mappen) und allgemein der Wiederverwendung von Vokabularen nutzen. In Ansätzen wurde diese Strategie im jüngst veröffentlichten britischen Standard BS 8723 verfolgt, dessen Schwerpunkt (weiter) auf Thesauri liegt, der jedoch auch explizit Bezug zu anderen Vokabularen nimmt. Die im April 2007 begonnene Revision des Standards als internationale ISO-Norm 25964 erlaubt weitere, wenn auch vielleicht kleine Schritte hin zu einer langfristigen Vision von allgemeingültigen Standards zur Wissensorganisation.
- Series
- Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation; Bd.11
- Source
- Wissensspeicher in digitalen Räumen: Nachhaltigkeit - Verfügbarkeit - semantische Interoperabilität. Proceedings der 11. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation, Konstanz, 20. bis 22. Februar 2008. Hrsg.: J. Sieglerschmidt u. H.P.Ohly
-
Kreissig, B.: ¬Der neue Brockhaus : Einsatz von Sprachtechnologie und Wissensnetz (2006)
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- Abstract
- Menschliches Wissen und menschliche Sprache sind aufeinander bezogen und voneinander abhängig. Dies gilt auch und gerade bei den Bemühungen, Sprache und Wissen computergestützt so zu verarbeiten, dass für Menschen nutzbare maschinelle Wissensverarbeitung stattfindet. Jenseits von eher akademischen "Laborversuchen" hat wissenschaftliche Forschungsarbeit auf diesem Gebiet die Verfügbarkeit umfangreicher, gepflegter und sauber codierter Wissensbasen sowohl der verwendeten Sprache als auch des abgebildeten Gegenstands zur Voraussetzung. In einem Forschungsprojekt der Firma Brockhaus Duden Neue Medien GmbH gemeinsam mit namhaften wissenschaftlichen Partnern, u.a. dem Fraunhofer-IPSI, dem IICM der TU Graz, dem IAI der Universität Saarbrücken und dem KNOW-Center, Graz, wurde diese Herausforderung erfolgreich angegangen. Für eine neue digitale Brockhaus-Auflage wurden Informationsrepräsentations- und Retrievaltechniken entwickelt, die nicht auf domänenspezifischen Beschränkungen beruhend den gesamten enzyklopädischen Wissenskreis abdecken. Die entwickelten Formalismen erwiesen sich nicht nur zur Abfrage des enzyklopädischen Wissens in natürlicher Sprache als geeignet, sondern konnten auch darauf basierend neuartige Formen der Visualisierung von Wissenszusammenhängen implementiert werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zum einen Möglichkeiten erfolgreichen semantischen Retrievals ohne extensiven Einsatzformaler Metacodierungen, zum anderen weisen sie den Weg und die nächsten Schritte bei der Entwicklung noch leistungsfähigerer Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstellen.
- Source
- Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 57(2006) H.6/7, S.337-342
-
Semenova, E.: Ontologie als Begriffssystem : Theoretische Überlegungen und ihre praktische Umsetzung bei der Entwicklung einer Ontologie der Wissenschaftsdisziplinen (2010)
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- Abstract
- Das Konzept des Semantic Web befindet sich gegenwärtig auf dem Weg von der Vision zur Realisierung und ist "noch gestaltbar", ebenso wie eine seiner Grundkonzeptionen, die Ontologie. Trotz der stetig wachsenden Anzahl der Forschungsarbeiten werden Ontologien primär aus der Sicht semantischer Technologien untersucht, Probleme der Ontologie als Begriffssystem werden in der Ontologieforschung nur partiell angetastet - für die praktische Arbeit erweist sich dieses als bedeutender Mangel. In diesem Bericht wird die Notwendigkeit, eine Ontologie aus der Sicht der Dokumentationssprache zu erforschen, als Fragestellung formuliert, außerdem werden einige schon erarbeitete theoretische Ansätze skizzenhaft dargestellt. Als Beispiel aus der Praxis wird das Material des von der DFG geförderten und am Hermann von Helmholtz-Zentrum für Kulturtechnik der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin durchgeführten Projektes "Entwicklung einer Ontologie der Wissenschaftsdisziplinen" einbezogen.
- Series
- Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation; Bd.11
- Source
- Wissensspeicher in digitalen Räumen: Nachhaltigkeit - Verfügbarkeit - semantische Interoperabilität. Proceedings der 11. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation, Konstanz, 20. bis 22. Februar 2008. Hrsg.: J. Sieglerschmidt u. H.P.Ohly
-
Sigel, A.: Was leisten Topic Maps? (2001)
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- Abstract
- Dieser Kurzbeitrag skizziert das Potenzial der Topic Map-Technologie (ISO/IEC 13250 und XTM 1.0) für die Wissensorganisation und veranschaulicht dies anhand einer Liste fruchtbarer Anwendungsfälle (Use Cases). Er berichtet auch knapp über erste Erfahrungen bei der experimentellen Anwendung. Am Beispiel von Informationsressourcen zur Thematik sozialwissenschaftlicher Migration werden Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von Topic Maps für die inhaltliche Erschließung und semantische Suche aufgezeigt werden. Da es sich um eine terminologisch "weiche" Donnerte handelt, ist von besonderem Interesse, wie sich komplexe Relationen und multiple Indexierungssichten umsetzen lassen und wie sich diese auf das Retrieval-Ergebnis auswirken
- Series
- Tagungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis; 4
- Source
- Information Research & Content Management: Orientierung, Ordnung und Organisation im Wissensmarkt; 23. DGI-Online-Tagung der DGI und 53. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis e.V. DGI, Frankfurt am Main, 8.-10.5.2001. Proceedings. Hrsg.: R. Schmidt
