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Mas, S.; Marleau, Y.: Proposition of a faceted classification model to support corporate information organization and digital records management (2009)
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- Date
- 29. 8.2009 21:15:48
- Footnote
- Vgl.: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?reload=true&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel5%2F4755313%2F4755314%2F04755480.pdf%3Farnumber%3D4755480&authDecision=-203.
-
Hotho, A.; Bloehdorn, S.: Data Mining 2004 : Text classification by boosting weak learners based on terms and concepts (2004)
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- Content
- Vgl.: http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CEAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.91.4940%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ei=dOXrUMeIDYHDtQahsIGACg&usg=AFQjCNHFWVh6gNPvnOrOS9R3rkrXCNVD-A&sig2=5I2F5evRfMnsttSgFF9g7Q&bvm=bv.1357316858,d.Yms.
- Date
- 8. 1.2013 10:22:32
- Source
- Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM 2004), 1-4 November 2004, Brighton, UK
-
Popper, K.R.: Three worlds : the Tanner lecture on human values. Deliverd at the University of Michigan, April 7, 1978 (1978)
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- Source
- https%3A%2F%2Ftannerlectures.utah.edu%2F_documents%2Fa-to-z%2Fp%2Fpopper80.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3f4QRTEH-OEBmoYr2J_c7H
-
Gödert, W.; Hubrich, J.; Boteram, F.: Thematische Recherche und Interoperabilität : Wege zur Optimierung des Zugriffs auf heterogen erschlossene Dokumente (2009)
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- Abstract
- Die Verwendung von Erschließungsinstrumenten zur Beschreibung von Informationsressourcen kann Effizienz und Effektivität thematischer Recherchen wesentlich steigern: standardisierte Begriffe unterstützen Recall und Precision begrifflicher Suchen; Ausweisung von Relationen bietet die Grundlage für explorative Suchprozesse. Eine zusätzliche Steigerung der Funktionalitäten des Retrievals kann mittels einer Ausdifferenzierung und Spezifizierung der in Normdaten enthaltenen semantischen Informationen erreicht werden, die über die in Thesauri und Klassifikationen verbreiteten grundlegenden Relationstypen (äquivalent, hierarchisch, assoziativ) hinausgehen. In modernen Informationsräumen, in denen Daten verschiedener Institutionen über eine Plattform zeit- und ortsunabhängig zugänglich gemacht werden, können einzelne Wissenssysteme indes nur unzureichend das Information Retrieval unterstützen. Zu unterschiedlich sind die für thematische Suchanfragen relevanten Indexierungsdaten. Eine Verbesserung kann mittels Herstellung von Interoperabilität zwischen den verschiedenen Dokumentationssprachen erreicht werden. Im Vortrag wird dargelegt, in welcher Art und Weise die in Wissenssystemen enthaltenen semantischen Informationen zur Unterstützung thematischer Recherchen optimiert werden können und inwiefern Interoperabilität zwischen Systemen geschaffen werden kann, die gleichwertige Funktionalitäten in heterogenen Informationsräumen gewährleisten. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auch auf aktuelle Mappingprojekte wie das DFG-Projekt CrissCross oder das RESEDA-Projekt, welches sich mit den Möglichkeiten der semantischen Anreicherung bestehender Dokumentationssprachen befasst, eingegangen.
- Source
- https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bib-info/frontdoor/index/index/searchtype/authorsearch/author/%22Hubrich%2C+Jessica%22/docId/703/start/0/rows/20
-
Zeng, Q.; Yu, M.; Yu, W.; Xiong, J.; Shi, Y.; Jiang, M.: Faceted hierarchy : a new graph type to organize scientific concepts and a construction method (2019)
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- Content
- Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Faclanthology.org%2FD19-5317.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0ZZFyq5wWTtNTvNkrvjlGA.
- Source
- Graph-Based Methods for Natural Language Processing - proceedings of the Thirteenth Workshop (TextGraphs-13): November 4, 2019, Hong Kong : EMNLP-IJCNLP 2019. Ed.: Dmitry Ustalov
-
Roth, G.; Strüber, N.: Wie das Gehirn die Seele macht (2014)
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- Abstract
- Was ist eigentlich die Seele und wie hängt sie mit dem Gehirn zusammen? Seit dem Altertum wird das Gehirn als Organ der Seele angesehen. Wo und wie aber das Psychische im Gehirn entsteht, wie sich dabei unsere Gefühlswelt, unsere Persönlichkeit und unser Ich formen, kann mit Hilfe der modernen Verfahren der Hirnforschung erst seit kurzem erforscht werden und wird in diesem Buch dargestellt.
Die vergleichsweise junge Neurobiologie verstehen der "Altmeister" Gerhard Roth und seine junge Kollegin Nicole Strüber als ergänzende Wissenschaft zu Psychologie und Psychotherapie. Sie bekennen sich uneingeschränkt zur naturwissenschaftlichen Sichtweise: "Alles, was wir erleben, hat seinen Ort im Gehirn". Ihr Anspruch, dass es außerhalb der naturalistischen Betrachtungsweise keine anderen Erklärungsmodelle geben kann, wird seit vielen Jahren kontrovers diskutiert. Gerhard Roth weist selber auf eine Erklärungslücke hin: Es ist völlig unklar, wie Bewusstsein entsteht, auch wenn die biologischen Vorgänge im Gehirn bekannt sind. Dennoch ist er sich sicher, dass "aus neurobiologischer Sicht die Suche nach dem Sitz der Seele erfolgreich beendet wurde.",Auf den ersten 200 Seiten werden detailliert die Anatomie und Physiologie des Nervensystems erklärt. Psychologische Begriffe werden auf ihre neurobiologische Grundlage hin untersucht. Aufmerksamkeit, Gedächtnis und Persönlichkeit haben ihre typischen Lokalisationen im Gehirn. Einige Grundannahmen der Psychotherapien werden bestätigt, etwa die große Bedeutung der vorgeburtlichen und frühkindlichen Erfahrungen, die Bindungserfahrungen und die genetischen Dispositionen. Manche Therapiekonstrukte werden widerlegt, wie Freuds Traumtheorie oder die kognitive Umstrukturierung. Möglicherweise kann die Neurobiologie in Zukunft noch viel mehr zur Diagnostik und Therapie beitragen, meint Roth. Für Laien gibt es kaum ein vergleichbar umfangreiches Sachbuch, das dermaßen gut verständlich, klar und nüchtern die moderne Hirnforschung beschreibt.
- Classification
- BK 8200: Medizin, Biologie / Theologie und Religionswissenschaften / Theologische Ethik / Moraltheologie
- RVK
- BK 8200: Medizin, Biologie / Theologie und Religionswissenschaften / Theologische Ethik / Moraltheologie
-
Noever, D.; Ciolino, M.: ¬The Turing deception (2022)
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- Source
- https%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fabs%2F2212.06721&usg=AOvVaw3i_9pZm9y_dQWoHi6uv0EN
-
Vom Reiz der Sinne (1990)
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- Abstract
- Nichts ist uns so vertraut wie unsere Sinne, die uns erkennen und empfinden lassen, was um uns herum und in uns geschieht. Objektiv über sie nachzudenken, fällt schwer, setzt man doch die eigenen Sinne wiederum als Werkzeug ein. Das Buch beschreibt, wie unsere Sinneswahrnehmungen zustande kommen, daß unsere Sinne Täuschungen unterliegen, daß es Sinneswahrnehmung ohne äußere Reize gibt
- Content
- MAELICKE, A.: Was Sinn macht; HUCHO, F.: Von der Peripherie zum Gehirn: alle Nervenaktivität ist elektrisch; STIEVE, H. u. I. WICKE: Wie unsere Augen sehen; WOLF, R. u. D. WOLF: Von Sehen zum Wahrnehmen: aus Illusionen entsteht ein Bild der Wirklichkeit; THURM, U.: Die mechanischen Sinne: Hören, Tasten; HATT, H.: Physiologie des Sehens und Schmeckens; KOBAL, G.: Die Psychophysiologie des Geruchs; HUCHO, F.: Lernen und Gedächtnis: Netzwerkeigenschaften des gehirns; EMRICH, H.M.: Phantasie, Traum und Halluzination; EMRICH, H.M.: Vom Ich unserer Sinne; MAELICKE, A.: Von Genen und Gehirnen
- Date
- 22. 7.2000 18:20:19
-
Aufstellungssystematik (1964-)
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- Content
- B. Religionswissenschaft und Theologie. - C. Philosophie und Psychologie. - D. Pädagogik. - E. Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. - F. Klassische Philologie. Byzantinistik. Mittellateinische Philologie. Neugriechische Philologie. - G. Germanistik (einschl. der Niederländischen Philologie und der Skandinavistik. Allgemeine Literaturwissenschaft. - H. Anglistik. Amerikanistik. - I. Romanistik. - K. Slavische Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. - L. Volkskunde. Kunstwissenschaft. Klassische Archäologie. Musik. - M. Politologie. Soziologie. Militärwesen. - N. Geschichte P. Recht. - Q. Wirtschaftswissenschaften. - R. Geographie. - S. Mathematik. Angewandte Mathematik. Vermessungswesen. Datenverarbeitung. - U. Physik. - V. Chemie - W. Biologie und vorklinische Medizin. - Z. Landwirtschaft. Forstwirtschaft. Gartenbauwirtschaft. Fischereiwirtschaft. Techn. Wiss. Sport. Spiele. Varia
-
Aufstellungssystematiken (1982-)
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- Content
- 1. Allgemeines 3. Aufl. 1985. - 2. Theologie und Religionswissenschaften 4. Aufl. 1987. - 3,1. Philosphie 1989. - 3,2. Psychologie 1990. - 4. Pädagogik 1987. - 5. Allgemeine und vergleichene Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaften. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen 1989. - 6. Klassische Philologie. Byzantinistik. Mittellat. und neugriech. Philologie. Neulatein. 1984. - 7. Germanistik. Niederländische Philologie. Skandinavistik 1987. - 8. Anglistik. Amerikanistik 1989. - 9,1. Romanistik. - 9,2. Romanistik. - 10,1. Slavistik. - 10,2. Slavistik. - 11,1. Ethnologie 1991. - 11,2. Klassische Archäologie 1984. - 11,3. Kunstgeschichte 1988. - 11,4. Musikwissenschaft 1988. - 12,1. Politologie 1990. - 12,2. Soziologie 1990. 12,3. Militärwissenschaft 1982. - 13,1. Geschichte 1985. - 13,2. Geschichte 1985. - 14. Rechtswissenschaft 1987. - 15. Wirtschaftswissenschaften 1992. - 16. Geographie 1988. - 17. Mathematik und Informatik 1985. - 17,1. Mathematik 1992. -18,1. Allg. Naturwissenschaften 1990. - 18,2. Geologie und Paläontologie 1989. - 19. Physik 1989. - 20. Chemie und Pharmazie 1988. - 21. Biologie und vorklinische Medizin 1991. - 22/23. Theoretische und klinische Medizin 1988. - 24,1. Land- und Forstwirtschaft. Gartenbau. Fischereiwirtschaft. Hauswirtschaft 1988. - 24,2. Technik 1991. - 24,3. Sport 1986. - 25. Studentenbücherei 1988
-
Huo, W.: Automatic multi-word term extraction and its application to Web-page summarization (2012)
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- Content
- A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computer Science. Vgl. Unter: http://www.inf.ufrgs.br%2F~ceramisch%2Fdownload_files%2Fpublications%2F2009%2Fp01.pdf.
- Date
- 10. 1.2013 19:22:47
-
Xiong, C.: Knowledge based text representations for information retrieval (2016)
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- Content
- Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Language and Information Technologies. Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.cmu.edu%2F~cx%2Fpapers%2Fknowledge_based_text_representation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0SaTSvhWLTh__Uz_HtOtl3.
-
Fachsystematik Bremen nebst Schlüssel 1970 ff. (1970 ff)
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- Content
- 1. Agrarwissenschaften 1981. - 3. Allgemeine Geographie 2.1972. - 3a. Allgemeine Naturwissenschaften 1.1973. - 4. Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, Allgemeine Literaturwissenschaft 2.1971. - 6. Allgemeines. 5.1983. - 7. Anglistik 3.1976. - 8. Astronomie, Geodäsie 4.1977. - 12. bio Biologie, bcp Biochemie-Biophysik, bot Botanik, zoo Zoologie 1981. - 13. Bremensien 3.1983. - 13a. Buch- und Bibliothekswesen 3.1975. - 14. Chemie 4.1977. - 14a. Elektrotechnik 1974. - 15 Ethnologie 2.1976. - 16,1. Geowissenschaften. Sachteil 3.1977. - 16,2. Geowissenschaften. Regionaler Teil 3.1977. - 17. Germanistik 6.1984. - 17a,1. Geschichte. Teilsystematik hil. - 17a,2. Geschichte. Teilsystematik his Neuere Geschichte. - 17a,3. Geschichte. Teilsystematik hit Neueste Geschichte. - 18. Humanbiologie 2.1983. - 19. Ingenieurwissenschaften 1974. - 20. siehe 14a. - 21. klassische Philologie 3.1977. - 22. Klinische Medizin 1975. - 23. Kunstgeschichte 2.1971. - 24. Kybernetik. 2.1975. - 25. Mathematik 3.1974. - 26. Medizin 1976. - 26a. Militärwissenschaft 1985. - 27. Musikwissenschaft 1978. - 27a. Noten 2.1974. - 28. Ozeanographie 3.1977. -29. Pädagogik 8.1985. - 30. Philosphie 3.1974. - 31. Physik 3.1974. - 33. Politik, Politische Wissenschaft, Sozialwissenschaft. Soziologie. Länderschlüssel. Register 1981. - 34. Psychologie 2.1972. - 35. Publizistik und Kommunikationswissenschaft 1985. - 36. Rechtswissenschaften 1986. - 37. Regionale Geograpgie 3.1975. - 37a. Religionswissenschaft 1970. - 38. Romanistik 3.1976. - 39. Skandinavistik 4.1985. - 40. Slavistik 1977. - 40a. Sonstige Sprachen und Literaturen 1973. - 43. Sport 4.1983. - 44. Theaterwissenschaft 1985. - 45. Theologie 2.1976. - 45a. Ur- und Frühgeschichte, Archäologie 1970. - 47. Volkskunde 1976. - 47a. Wirtschaftswissenschaften 1971 // Schlüssel: 1. Länderschlüssel 1971. - 2. Formenschlüssel (Kurzform) 1974. - 3. Personenschlüssel Literatur 5. Fassung 1968
-
Maturana, H.R.: Biologie der Realität und des Selbstbewußtseins (1994)
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- Abstract
- "Dieses Buch enthält eine Sammlung von Aufsätzen, in denen ich Fragen wie die folgenden zu beantworten suche; Was heißt es zu erkennen? Was tun wir, wenn wir von Realität oder dem Realen sprechen? Was behaupten wir, wenn wir von Objektivität sprechen? Wie vollzieht sich Beobachten? Um zu verstehen, wie wir Menschen leben, sind Fragen wie diese meines Erachtens grundlegend. Es sind Fragen, die sich auf biologische Phänomene beziehen und biologisch beantwortet werden müssen. Genau dies tue ich in den hier vorgelegten Aufsätzen: Ich entwickle eine biologische Theorie des Erkennens. Und zwar beantworte ich die Fragen, um die es in diesen Aufsätzen geht, als Wissenschaftler nicht als Philosoph. Natürlich reflektiere ich über das, was ich tue, und über die Gültigkeit dessen, was ich sage, und insofern philosophiere ich, aber ich beantworte die Fragen über Kognition und Realität als Fragen, die es mit der Biologie des menschlichen Lebens zu tun haben, ich beantworte sie als Wissenschaftler und entwickle eine wissenschaftliche Theorie des Erkennens." Nach dem inzwischen berühmten Text "Biologie der Kognition" enthält der Band: "Biologie der Sprache. Die Epistemologie der Realität"; "Ontologie des Beobachtens. Die biologischen Grundlagen des Selbstbewußtseins und des physikalischen Bereichs der Existenz"; "Realität. Die Suche nach Objektivität oder die Suche nach dem zwingenden Argument"; "Ontologie wissenschaftlicher Erklärungen"; " Ontologie der Konversationen". Maturanas "genialischer Welt- und Seinsentwurf" (G. Roth) hat sich bereits als äußerst fruchtbar erwiesen. Seine Ideen sind in ganz unterschiedlichen Bereichen produktiv aufgegriffen worden: in Philosophie, Psychologie und Soziologie, Physik, Medizin und Neurophysiologie, Wirtschaftswissenschaften und Rechtswissenschaft, Sprach-, Literatur- und Kunstwissenschaft.
- BK
- 42.02 / Philosophie und Theorie der Biologie
- Classification
- WU 1000 Biologie / Anthropologie / Anthropologie allgemein
WB 4000 Biologie / Bibliographien und Nachschlagewerke, Geschichte und Didaktik, Lehrbücher der Biologie / Biologie und Philosophie, Erkenntnis- und Wissenschaftstheorie
WD 9000 Biologie / Biophysik, Biochemie, Physiologische Chemie / Spezielle Biochemie und Biophysik / Theoretische Biologie und Systemforschung insgesamt
42.02 / Philosophie und Theorie der Biologie
- RVK
- WU 1000 Biologie / Anthropologie / Anthropologie allgemein
WB 4000 Biologie / Bibliographien und Nachschlagewerke, Geschichte und Didaktik, Lehrbücher der Biologie / Biologie und Philosophie, Erkenntnis- und Wissenschaftstheorie
WD 9000 Biologie / Biophysik, Biochemie, Physiologische Chemie / Spezielle Biochemie und Biophysik / Theoretische Biologie und Systemforschung insgesamt
-
Farazi, M.: Faceted lightweight ontologies : a formalization and some experiments (2010)
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- Content
- PhD Dissertation at International Doctorate School in Information and Communication Technology. Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F150083013.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2n-qisNagpyT0lli_6QbAQ.
-
Malsburg, C. von der: ¬The correlation theory of brain function (1981)
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- Source
- http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_
-
Piros, A.: Az ETO-jelzetek automatikus interpretálásának és elemzésének kérdései (2018)
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- Content
- Vgl. auch: New automatic interpreter for complex UDC numbers. Unter: <https%3A%2F%2Fudcc.org%2Ffiles%2FAttilaPiros_EC_36-37_2014-2015.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3kc9CwDDCWP7aArpfjrs5b>
-
Lachnit, H.: Assoziatives Lernen und Kognition : ein experimenteller Brückenschlag zwischen Hirnforschung und Kognitionswissenschaft (1993)
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- Abstract
- Unser Gehirn, ein Organ von etwa drei Pfund Gewebemasse mit ungefähr 100 Milliarden Neuronen, ist die materielle Basis all unserer geistigen und seelischen Fähigkeiten. Die Myriaden von Neuronen sind untereinander engstens verknüpft und ändern überdies ständig die Stärke ihrer Verbindungen. Das klassische Konditionieren, eine Form des assoziativen Lernens, bietet sich als Methode zur Untersuchung dieser Verbindungen an. So lernt der berühmte Pawlowsche Hund, einen Reiz (Futterangebot) mit einem anderen Reiz (Glockenton) zu assoziieren (so daß der Glockenton Speichelfluß auslösen kann). Die Gesetzmäßigkeiten, nach denen der Hund diese Assoziation bildet, stehen - wie dieses Buch zeigt - in Übereinstimmung mit Modellvorstellungen über die Veränderung der Stärke neuronaler Verbindungen. Lassen sich aber auch komplexe kognitive Fähigkeiten des Menschen, wie Wahrnehmung, Gedächtnisleistung und Denken, aus der Wechselwirkung einzelner Komponenten des Systems Gehirn erklären? Diese Grundannahme der Hirnforschung (Neuroanatomie, Biochemie, Neurophysiologie, biologische Psychologie) stößt bei Vertretern der Kognitionswissenschaften (Teile der Mathematik, Physik, Kybernetik, Philosophie, Linguistik, Kognitionspsychologie) auf ein geteiltes Echo
-
Russo, L.: ¬Die vergessene Revolution : oder die Wiedergeburt des antiken Wissens (2005)
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- Abstract
- Das Zeitalter von Archimedes und Euklid (3. Jahrhundert v. Chr.), war die Geburtsstunde der Wissenschaften wie wir sie kennen. Damals entstanden hoch entwickelte Technologien, auf die man sich erst im 18. Jahrhundert wieder besinnen sollte. Gleichzeitig mit dieser wissenschaftlichen Revolution fanden auch auf vielen anderen Gebieten, wie den Künsten oder der Medizin, grundlegende Veränderungen statt. Was waren die Grundpfeiler dieser immensen kulturellen Verschiebung? Warum wissen wir heute so wenig darüber? In welcher Beziehung stehen sie zur uns vertrauten Entwicklung der Wissenschaften seit dem 15. Jahrhundert? Was führte zum Ende antiker Wissenschaften? Das sind die Fragen, die in diesem Buch gestellt werden. Ihre Antworten sind von entscheidender Bedeutung auch für Herausforderungen, vor denen wir heute stehen.
- Footnote
- Rez. in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft 2006, H.6, S.102-103 (E. Hörschgen): "Rund um das 3. vorchristliche Jahrhundert fand im hellenistischen Kulturkreis eine Revolution des Wissens statt. Überall, wo man Griechisch sprach, von Kleinasien über Ägypten bis nach Sizilien und Süditalien, blühten wissenschaftliche Neugier und Innovation. Doch diese goldenen Jahre gerieten in Vergessenheit. Dass sie der Ursprung der exakten Wissenschaft im heutigen Sinn sind, ist bislang nur wenigen Historikern und Naturwissenschaftlern bekannt oder wurde sogar verdrängt. Diese Lücke will Lucio Russo mit seinem Buch schließen. Dem studierten Physiker von der Universität »Tor Vergata« in Rom ist in der Tat eine hervorragende Übersicht über hellenistische Wissenschaften gelungen. Allerdings versucht er darüber hinaus, mit seinen teils recht provokanten Thesen die Wissenschaftsgeschichte umzuschreiben. Den Rahmen für das Mammutwerk bildet der Versuch, die Gründe sowohl für den Aufstieg als auch für den Niedergang des damaligen Forschungsdrangs zu beleuchten. Eigentlich ist es aber ein Nachschlagewerk für die Geschichte der Wissenschaften, voll gepackt mit unzähligen Informationen und Anekdoten. Eingeflochten in Einführungen in die verschiedensten Fachgebiete, unter vielen anderen Mathematik, Navigation, Optik, Hydrostatik und Mechanik, stellt Russo zunächst die wichtigsten Protagonisten der hellenistischen Wissenschaft und deren Errungenschaften vor. Der heute wohl noch bekannteste unter ihnen ist das Multitalent Archimedes von Syrakus. Die populären Geschichten über ihn erzählen nicht nur vom Sprung aus der Badewanne (»Heureka!«), sondern auch, dass er die Fläche eines Parabelsegments mit Hilfe der Approximationsmethode berechnete. Weniger bekannt ist, dass er über eine Darstellungsweise für Zahlen verfügte, die unserer Schreibweise mit Exponent und Mantisse ähnelt; er wusste auch, dass die Oberfläche der Ozeane sphärisch ist. Erstaunlich genaue Ergebnisse erreichten Aristarchos von Samos, der die Entfernung von Sonne und Mond zur Erde mit der Triangulationsmethode bestimmte, und Eratosthenes, der nicht nur Primzahlen aussiebte, sondern auch den Erdumfang berechnete. Auf dem Gebiet der Anatomie und der Physiologie gab es große Fortschritte. So entdeckte der Arzt Herophilos von Chalkedon Nerven im Gehirn und verstand sogar ihre Funktion. Russos Werk bietet auch Platz für Beschreibungen von Geräten wie der Schneckenpumpe, die als archimedische Schraube bekannt ist, oder für mathematische Beweise und Definitionen, deren herausragendstes Beispiel die Deduktion der Geometrie in den »Elementen« des Euklid ist. Das ist für Laien oftmals zu detailliert, aber für Fachleute allemal ein Leckerbissen.
Die Beispiele kommen aus den verschiedensten Bereichen: Es gab riesige Handelsschiffe mit integrierten Turnhallen und Bibliotheken, was ein wenig an die geplanten Jumbojets mit eingebauten Fitnesscentern erinnert. Navigationsinstrumente ermöglichten die Bestimmung des Breitengrads auf dem offenen Meer. Es gab schon echte Uhren wie die Wasseruhr des Ktesibios, für die sogar die im Jahreslauf wechselnde Länge der Stunden kein Problem darstellte. Auf Ktesibios geht auch eine Wasserorgel zurück, die als das erste wissenschaftlich konzipierte Tasteninstrument gilt. Ausbildungsverträge mit festgelegten Löhnen und eine zentrale Staatsbank, die Kredite für Privatpersonen vergab, waren damals nicht unbekannt. Erstaunlich modern muten selbst die hellenistische Stadtplanung und die bildenden Künste an. Dank seiner akribischen Recherchen, belegt durch zahlreiche Referenzen, Fußnoten und den Anhang, gelingt es Russo, dem Leser anschaulich zu vermitteln, wie »modern« die hellenistische Antike selbst für heutige Verhältnisse war. Das damalige geistige Klima löste gesellschaftliche, politische und sogar religiöse Umwälzungen aus, die erst mit der Eroberung durch die Römer zum Stillstand kamen. Doch sind fast die gesamten Primärtexte verloren, worunter auch Russos leidenschaftliche Beweisführung leidet. So kann er nur argumentieren, dass vieles von dem damaligen Wissen, bis es zu uns gelangte, mehrere »Filter« durchlief - wie beispielsweise kaiserzeitliche Autoren, denen es an Verständnis für die komplizierten Abhandlungen mangelte. Wenn also überhaupt Texte überliefert wurden, dann meist nur verzerrt. Und da oftmals die Originalquellen fehlten, wurden viele ursprünglich hellenistische Lehren fälschlich anderen Kulturen zugeschrieben. Da Russo so viele unterschiedliche Themenbereiche abdeckt, muss er den Leser häufig auf spätere Kapitel vertrösten. Außerdem behandelt er die gesellschaftlichen, politischen und sozialen Auswirkungen der technischen Neuerungen nur am Rande, und wirklich überzeugende Gründe für das »Warum« führt er nicht an. Ob »Die Vergessene Revolution« die Wissenschaftsgeschichte revolutionieren wird, bleibt also abzuwarten. In der Zwischenzeit gibt das Werk immerhin neue Denkanstöße."
-
Informations- und Wissenstransfer in der Medizin und im Gesundheitswesen (1999)
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- Abstract
- Um dem Informationsbedarf in der Lehre, Forschung und Krankenversorgung sowie für die Weiter- und Fortbildung gerecht zu werden, hat sich die Medizin über Jahrtausende hinweg der verschiedensten, meist in technischer Hinsicht am fortgeschrittensten Medien bedient. Mitte der 60er Jahre eröffnete sich eine neue Ära im Informations- und Wissenstransfer durch die Entwicklungsfortschritte der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien. Neue Medien wie CD-ROM-Datenbanken und weltweite Computernetze ermöglichten die Digitalisierung medizinischer Information und erlaubten deren Verbreitung in digitaler Form in Echtzeit. Heute finden wir in der Medizin und im Gesundheitswesen eine Situation vor, in der die neuen digitalen Medien parallel zu den konventionellen Printmedien genutzt werden, diese in manchen Fällen substituieren oder völling neue Informations- und Kommunikationsmöglichkeiten schaffen. Die erste Euphorie über die neuen Medien wird zunehmend ergänzt durch eine differenziertere Einschätzung der Technikfolgen, welche auch den weitreichenden sozio-kulturellen Auswirkungen Beachtung schenkt
- Content
- Der vorliegende Band enthält Beiträge zur historischen, ethischen und rechtlichen Dimension des Informations- und Wissenstransfers (LAUER, HEUBEL, MEURER), zu Bedarf, Mißachtung und Aggregation medizinischen Wissens (NITZSCHE, KALTENBORN, KOLLER/LORENZ), zu den Medien des Informations- und Wissenstransfers sowie zu seinen Entwicklungsperspektiven (u.a. KALTENBORN, HEIMPEL, HIRSCH, WIßMANN, UMSTÄTTER)
- Date
- 20. 2.1999 13:29:56
- Field
- Medizin
- Series
- Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie: Sonderh.73
