Search (7 results, page 1 of 1)

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Classification

Psy A 68 / Computerpsychologie

SBB

Psy A 68 / Computerpsychologie

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Abstract

Der amerikanische Medizin-Nobelpreisträger ist im Gegensatz zu vielen anderen Hirnforschern davon überzeugt, daß die Biologie den Schlüssel zum Verständnis des Gehirns und damit des menschlichen Geistes liefert. Seine These vertritt er in der vorliegenden Veröffentlichung. Sie "ist von einer erstaunlichen Vielfalt, die von der Philosophie zur Biologie, zur Psychologie und zur Computersimulation des Nervensystems reicht und daraus ein Ganzes zu machen versucht". (Oliver Sacks.)

Classification

CZ 1000 Psychologie / Grenzgebiete der Psychologie / Physiologische Psychologie

RVK

CZ 1000 Psychologie / Grenzgebiete der Psychologie / Physiologische Psychologie

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Classification

CZ 1000 Psychologie / Grenzgebiete der Psychologie / Physiologische Psychologie

RVK

CZ 1000 Psychologie / Grenzgebiete der Psychologie / Physiologische Psychologie

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Classification

CP 4000 Psychologie / Allgemeine Psychologie / Kognitive Prozesse (Denken, Urteil, Problemlösen, Begriffsbildung, Assoziation)

RSWK

Kognitive Psychologie / Erkenntnis / Wahrnehmung / Bewußtsein (ÖVK)

RVK

CP 4000 Psychologie / Allgemeine Psychologie / Kognitive Prozesse (Denken, Urteil, Problemlösen, Begriffsbildung, Assoziation)

Subject

Kognitive Psychologie / Erkenntnis / Wahrnehmung / Bewußtsein (ÖVK)

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Abstract

"Dieses Buch enthält eine Sammlung von Aufsätzen, in denen ich Fragen wie die folgenden zu beantworten suche; Was heißt es zu erkennen? Was tun wir, wenn wir von Realität oder dem Realen sprechen? Was behaupten wir, wenn wir von Objektivität sprechen? Wie vollzieht sich Beobachten? Um zu verstehen, wie wir Menschen leben, sind Fragen wie diese meines Erachtens grundlegend. Es sind Fragen, die sich auf biologische Phänomene beziehen und biologisch beantwortet werden müssen. Genau dies tue ich in den hier vorgelegten Aufsätzen: Ich entwickle eine biologische Theorie des Erkennens. Und zwar beantworte ich die Fragen, um die es in diesen Aufsätzen geht, als Wissenschaftler nicht als Philosoph. Natürlich reflektiere ich über das, was ich tue, und über die Gültigkeit dessen, was ich sage, und insofern philosophiere ich, aber ich beantworte die Fragen über Kognition und Realität als Fragen, die es mit der Biologie des menschlichen Lebens zu tun haben, ich beantworte sie als Wissenschaftler und entwickle eine wissenschaftliche Theorie des Erkennens." Nach dem inzwischen berühmten Text "Biologie der Kognition" enthält der Band: "Biologie der Sprache. Die Epistemologie der Realität"; "Ontologie des Beobachtens. Die biologischen Grundlagen des Selbstbewußtseins und des physikalischen Bereichs der Existenz"; "Realität. Die Suche nach Objektivität oder die Suche nach dem zwingenden Argument"; "Ontologie wissenschaftlicher Erklärungen"; " Ontologie der Konversationen". Maturanas "genialischer Welt- und Seinsentwurf" (G. Roth) hat sich bereits als äußerst fruchtbar erwiesen. Seine Ideen sind in ganz unterschiedlichen Bereichen produktiv aufgegriffen worden: in Philosophie, Psychologie und Soziologie, Physik, Medizin und Neurophysiologie, Wirtschaftswissenschaften und Rechtswissenschaft, Sprach-, Literatur- und Kunstwissenschaft.

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Date

22. 7.2009 13:43:50

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Abstract

Is this book sociology, anthropology, or taxonomy? Sorting Things Out, by communications theorists Geoffrey C. Bowker and Susan Leigh Star, covers a lot of conceptual ground in its effort to sort out exactly how and why we classify and categorize the things and concepts we encounter day to day. But the analysis doesn't stop there; the authors go on to explore what happens to our thinking as a result of our classifications. With great insight and precise academic language, they pick apart our information systems and language structures that lie deeper than the everyday categories we use. The authors focus first on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a widely used scheme used by health professionals worldwide, but also look at other health information systems, racial classifications used by South Africa during apartheid, and more. Though it comes off as a bit too academic at times (by the end of the 20th century, most writers should be able to get the spelling of McDonald's restaurant right), the book has a clever charm that thoughtful readers will surely appreciate. A sly sense of humor sneaks into the writing, giving rise to the chapter title "The Kindness of Strangers," for example. After arguing that categorization is both strongly influenced by and a powerful reinforcer of ideology, it follows that revolutions (political or scientific) must change the way things are sorted in order to throw over the old system. Who knew that such simple, basic elements of thought could have such far-reaching consequences? Whether you ultimately place it with social science, linguistics, or (as the authors fear) fantasy, make sure you put Sorting Things Out in your reading pile.