Search (46 results, page 1 of 3)

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Date

25. 1.2016 18:46:22

Field

Psychologie

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Date

3. 5.1997 8:44:22

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Abstract

Previous studies have found that both (a) the characteristics (e.g., quality and accessibility) and (b) the types of sources (e.g., relational and nonrelational sources) influence information source selection. Different from earlier studies that have prioritized one source attribute over the other, this research uses information need as a contingency factor to examine information seekers' simultaneous consideration of different attributes. An empirical test from 149 employees' evaluations of eight information sources revealed that (a) low-and high-information-need individuals favored information source quality over accessibility while medium-information-need individuals favored accessibility over quality; and (b) individuals are more likely to choose relational over nonrelational sources as information need increases.

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Date

22. 5.2005 19:53:09

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Content

Vgl. auch Snow, B.: The Internet's hidden content and how to find it. In: Online 24(2000) no.3, S.61-66.

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Date

22. 5.2005 19:52:29

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Source

Library and information science research. 22(2000) no.4, S.371-382

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Abstract

The research reported here was an exploratory study that sought to discover the effects of human individual differences an Web search strategy. These differences consisted of (a) study approaches, (b) cognitive and demographic features, and (c) perceptions of and preferred approaches to Web-based information seeking. Sixtyeight master's students used AItaVista to search for information an three assigned search topics graded in terms of complexity. Five hundred seven search queries were factor analyzed to identify relationships between the individual difference variables and Boolean and best-match search strategies. A number of consistent patterns of relationship were found. As task complexity increased, a number of strategic shifts were also observed an the part of searchers possessing particular combinations of characteristics. A second article (published in this issue of JASIST; Ford, Miller, & Moss, 2005) presents a combined analyses of the data including a series of regression analyses.

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Abstract

User studies provide libraries with invaluable insight into their users' information needs and behaviors, allowing them to develop services that correspond to these needs. This insight has become even more important for libraries since the advent of the Internet. The Internet has brought about a development of information technologies and electronic information sources that have had a great impact on both the ways users search for information and the ways libraries manage information. Although humanists represent an important group of users for academic libraries, research studies into their information-seeking behavior since the advent of the Internet have been quite scarce (Ellis & Oldman, 2005) in the past decade. This study presents updated research on a group of humanists, Jewish studies scholars living in Israel, as information users in the digital age based on two categories: (a) the use of formal and informal information channels, and (b) the use of information technologies and their impact on humanistic research.

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Abstract

This paper addresses the importance of improving the effectiveness of voice search systems through partial query modification. A user-centered experiment was designed to compare the effectiveness of an experimental system using partial query modification feature to a baseline system in which users could issue complete queries only, with 32 participants each searching on eight different tasks. The results indicate that the participants spent significantly more time preparing the modification but significantly less time speaking the modification by using the experimental system than by using the baseline system. The participants found that the experimental system (a) was more effective, (b) gave them more control, (c) was easier for the search tasks, and (d) saved them time than the baseline system. The results contribute to improving future voice search system design and benefiting the research community in general. System implications and future work were discussed.

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Abstract

For millennia humans have sought, organized, and used information as they learned and evolved patterns of human information behaviors to resolve their human problems and survive. However, despite the current focus an living in an "information age," we have a limited evolutionary understanding of human information behavior. In this article the authors examine the current three interdisciplinary approaches to conceptualizing how humans have sought information including (a) the everyday life information seeking-sense-making approach, (b) the information foraging approach, and (c) the problem-solution perspective an information seeking approach. In addition, due to the lack of clarity regarding the rote of information use in information behavior, a fourth information approach is provided based an a theory of information use. The use theory proposed starts from an evolutionary psychology notion that humans are able to adapt to their environment and survive because of our modular cognitive architecture. Finally, the authors begin the process of conceptualizing these diverse approaches, and the various aspects or elements of these approaches, within an integrated model with consideration of information use. An initial integrated model of these different approaches with information use is proposed.

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Abstract

Mittels professioneller Suchtechniken lässt sich die Recherche im WWW wesentlich schneller und zuverlässiger gestalten. Selbst eine universelle Suchmaschine, wie Google, erlaubt mittels spezieller Suchfunktionen qualifizierte Recherchen über den Freitext hinaus. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind hier die Selektion nach Domainnamen und die Einbeziehung der URL. In Kombination mit dem Verständnis der Ranking-Techniken, z. B. der Prioritäten der im HTML-Quelltext verankerten inhaltlichen Meta-Informationen (Title-Tag, Meta-Tags Keywords, Description) gegenüber dem Standardverfahren (Google PageRank) lässt sich die Recherche auf professionelle Informationsangebote ausrichten. Eine weitere Qualifizierung lässt sich durch geschickten Einsatz der Phrasensuche erreichen. In jedem Fall setzt eine erfolgreiche Recherche, auch bei scheinbar einfachen Benennungen und Zusammenhängen eine intellektuelle Recherchevorbereitung voraus - bei der zunächst das Thema strukturiert und dann eine Vorstellung über die möglichen Zusammenhänge entwickelt wird, in der die Zielinformation im WWW zu finden sein könnte. Soweit die Möglichkeit besteht, sollte bei anspruchsvollen technischwissenschaftlichen Themen der WWW-Suche eine Recherche in professionellen Literaturdatenbanken vorausgehen. Diese haben den Vorzug, dass eine transparente und sorgfältig selektierte Quellenbasis vorliegt und durch Suche mit kontrolliertem Wortschatz die typischen Unschärfen einer Freitextrecherche (unerwünschte Zusammenhänge, Synonyme, Homonyme, Schreibvarianten usw.) umgangen werden können. Die FIZ-Technik-Inform GmbH bietet kostenpflichtige Weiterbildungsveranstaltungen auch zur WWW-Recherche an.

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Abstract

The goal of this research is to understand what characteristics, if any, lead users engaged in interactive information seeking to prefer certain sets of query terms. Underlying this work is the assumption that query terms that information seekers prefer induce a kind of cognitive efficiency: They require less mental effort to process and therefore reduce the energy required in the interactive information-seeking process. Conceptually, this work applies insights from linguistics and cognitive science to the study of query-term quality. We report on an experiment in which we compare user preference for three sets of terms; one had been preconstructed by a human indexer, and two were identified automatically. Twenty-four participants used a merged list of all terms to answer a carefully created set of questions. By design, the interface constrained users to access the text exclusively via the displayed list of query terms. We found that participants displayed a preference for the human-constructed set of terms eight times greater than the preference for either set of automatically identified terms. We speculate about reasons for this strong preference and discuss the implications for information access. The primary contributions of this research are (a) explication of the concept of user preference as a measure of queryterm quality and (b) identification of a replicable procedure for measuring preference for sets of query terms created by different methods, whether human or automatic. All other factors being equal, query terms that users prefer clearly are the best choice for real-world information-access systems.