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Markey, K.: Levels of question formulation in negotiation of information need during the online presearch interview : a proposed model (1981)
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- Source
- Information processing and management. 17(1981) no.5, S.215-225
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Markey, K.: Interindexer consistency tests : a literature review and report of a test of consistency in indexing visual materials (1984)
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- Library and information science research. 6(1984), S.155-177
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Markey, K.: Integrating the machine-readable LCSH into online catalogs (1988)
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- Information technology and libraries. 7(1988), S.299-312
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Markey, K.: Thus spoke the OPAC user (1983)
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- Information technology and libraries. 2(1983), S.381-387
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Cochrane, P.A.; Markey, K.: Preparing for the use of classification in online cataloging systems and in online catalogs (1985)
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- Information technology and libraries. 4(1985), S.107 -
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Markey, K.: Online catalog access and subject authority information (1986)
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Cochrane, P.A.; Markey, K.: Catalog use studies : since the introduction of online interactive catalogs, impact on design for subject access (1983)
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- Source
- Library and information science research. 5(1983), S.337-363
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Markey, K.; Swanson, F.; Jenkins, A.; Jennings, B.J.; St. Jean, B.; Rosenberg, V.; Yao, X.; Frost, R.L.: Designing and testing a web-based board game for teaching information literacy skills and concepts (2008)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - This paper seeks to focus on the design and testing of a web-based online board game for teaching undergraduate students information literacy skills and concepts. Design/methodology/approach - Project team members with expertise in game play, creative writing, programming, library research, graphic design and information seeking developed a web-based board game in which students used digital library resources to answer substantive questions on a scholarly topic. The project team hosted game play in a class of 75 undergraduate students. The instructor offered an extra-credit incentive to boost participation resulting in 49 students on 13 teams playing the game. Post-game focus group interviews revealed problematic features and redesign priorities. Findings - A total of six teams were successful meeting the criteria for the instructor's grade incentive achieving a 53.1 percent accuracy rate on their answers to substantive questions about the black death; 35.7 percent was the accuracy rate for the seven unsuccessful teams. Discussed in detail are needed improvements to problematic game features such as offline tasks, feedback, challenge functionality, and the game's black death theme. Originality/value - Information literacy games test what players already know. Because this project's successful teams answered substantive questions about the black death at accuracy rates 20 points higher than the estimated probability of guessing, students did the research during game play which demonstrates that games have merit for teaching students information literacy skills and concepts.
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Markey, K.: Thus spoke the OPAC user (1993)
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- Footnote
- Reprinted from: Information technology and libraries 2(1983) no.4, S.381-387
- Source
- Information technology and libraries. 12(1993) no.1, S.87-92
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- a
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Markey, K.: Twenty-five years of end-user searching : part 1: research findings (2007)
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- Abstract
- This is the first part of a two-part article that reviews 25 years of published research findings on end-user searching in online information retrieval (IR) systems. In Part 1 (Markey, 2007), the author seeks to answer the following questions: What characterizes the queries that end users submit to online IR systems? What search features do people use? What features would enable them to improve on the retrievals they have in hand? What features are hardly ever used? What do end users do in response to the system's retrievals? Are end users satisfied with their online searches? Summarizing searches of online IR systems by the search features people use everyday makes information retrieval appear to be a very simplistic one-stop event. In Part 2, the author examines current models of the information retrieval process, demonstrating that information retrieval is much more complex and involves changes in cognition, feelings, and/or events during the information seeking process. She poses a host of new research questions that will further our understanding about end-user searching of online IR systems.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 58(2007) no.8, S.1071-1081
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- a
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Markey, K.: Twenty-five years of end-user searching : part 2: future research directions (2007)
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- Abstract
- This is the second part of a two-part article that examines 25 years of published research findings on end-user searching of online information retrieval (IR) systems. In Part 1, it was learned that people enter a few short search statements into online IR systems. Their searches do not resemble the systematic approach of expert searchers who use the full range of IR-system functionality. Part 2 picks up the discussion of research findings about end-user searching in the context of current information retrieval models. These models demonstrate that information retrieval is a complex event, involving changes in cognition, feelings, and/or events during the information seeking process. The author challenges IR researchers to design new studies of end-user searching, collecting data not only on system-feature use, but on multiple search sessions and controlling for variables such as domain knowledge expertise and expert system knowledge. Because future IR systems designers are likely to improve the functionality of online IR systems in response to answers to the new research questions posed here, the author concludes with advice to these designers about retaining the simplicity of online IR system interfaces.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 58(2007) no.8, S.1123-1130
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Markey, K.: Subject access to visual resources collections : a model for computer construction of thematic catalogs (1986)
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- Series
- New directions in information management; no.11
-
Markey, K.: ¬The online library catalog : paradise lost and paradise regained? (2007)
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- Abstract
- This think piece tells why the online library catalog fell from grace and why new directions pertaining to cataloging simplification and primary sources will not attract people back to the online catalog. It proposes an alternative direction that has greater likelihood of regaining the online catalog's lofty status and longtime users. Such a direction will require paradigm shifts in library cataloging and in the design and development of online library catalogs that heed catalog users' longtime demands for improvements to the searching experience. Our failure to respond accordingly may permanently exile scholarly and scientific information to a netherworld where no one searches while less reliable, accurate, and objective sources of information thrive in a paradise where people prefer to search for information.
The impetus for this essay is the library community's uncertainty regarding the present and future direction of the library catalog in the era of Google and mass digitization projects. The uncertainty is evident at the highest levels. Deanna Marcum, Associate Librarian for Library Services at the Library of Congress (LC), is struck by undergraduate students who favor digital resources over the online library catalog because such resources are available at anytime and from anywhere (Marcum, 2006). She suggests that "the detailed attention that we have been paying to descriptive cataloging may no longer be justified ... retooled catalogers could give more time to authority control, subject analysis, [and] resource identification and evaluation" (Marcum, 2006, 8). In an abrupt about-face, LC terminated series added entries in cataloging records, one of the few subject-rich fields in such records (Cataloging Policy and Support Office, 2006). Mann (2006b) and Schniderman (2006) cite evidence of LC's prevailing viewpoint in favor of simplifying cataloging at the expense of subject cataloging. LC commissioned Karen Calhoun (2006) to prepare a report on "revitalizing" the online library catalog. Calhoun's directive is clear: divert resources from cataloging mass-produced formats (e.g., books) to cataloging the unique primary sources (e.g., archives, special collections, teaching objects, research by-products). She sums up her rationale for such a directive, "The existing local catalog's market position has eroded to the point where there is real concern for its ability to weather the competition for information seekers' attention" (p. 10). At the University of California Libraries (2005), a task force's recommendations parallel those in Calhoun report especially regarding the elimination of subject headings in favor of automatically generated metadata. Contemplating these events prompted me to revisit the glorious past of the online library catalog. For a decade and a half beginning in the early 1980s, the online library catalog was the jewel in the crown when people eagerly queued at its terminals to find information written by the world's experts. I despair how eagerly people now embrace Google because of the suspect provenance of the information Google retrieves. Long ago, we could have added more value to the online library catalog but the only thing we changed was the catalog's medium. Our failure to act back then cost the online catalog the crown. Now that the era of mass digitization has begun, we have a second chance at redesigning the online library catalog, getting it right, coaxing back old users, and attracting new ones. Let's revisit the past, reconsidering missed opportunities, reassessing their merits, combining them with new directions, making bold decisions and acting decisively on them.
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Vizine-Goetz, D.; Markey, K.: Characteristics of subject heading records in the machine-readable Library of Congress Subject Headings (1989)
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- Abstract
- Since April 1986 the LoC has been distributing the machine-readable LSCH-mr in the form of a cumulative master tape and weekly tape update service. ... This paper details the characteristics of authority records for subject headings (MARC tag 150) ...
- Source
- Information technology and libraries. 8(1989), S.203-209
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Rieh, S.Y.; Kim, Y.-M.; Markey, K.: Amount of invested mental effort (AIME) in online searching (2012)
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- Abstract
- This research investigates how people's perceptions of information retrieval (IR) systems, their perceptions of search tasks, and their perceptions of self-efficacy influence the amount of invested mental effort (AIME) they put into using two different IR systems: a Web search engine and a library system. It also explores the impact of mental effort on an end user's search experience. To assess AIME in online searching, two experiments were conducted using these methods: Experiment 1 relied on self-reports and Experiment 2 employed the dual-task technique. In both experiments, data were collected through search transaction logs, a pre-search background questionnaire, a post-search questionnaire and an interview. Important findings are these: (1) subjects invested greater mental effort searching a library system than searching the Web; (2) subjects put little effort into Web searching because of their high sense of self-efficacy in their searching ability and their perception of the easiness of the Web; (3) subjects did not recognize that putting mental effort into searching was something needed to improve the search results; and (4) data collected from multiple sources proved to be effective for assessing mental effort in online searching.
- Source
- Information processing and management. 48(2012) no.6, S.1136-1150
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Markey, K.: Searching and browsing the Dewey Decimal Classification in an online catalog (1987)
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- Abstract
- In the DDC Online Project, subject searching and browsing of DDC schedules and relative index were featured in an experimental online catalog. The effectiveness of this DDC in an online catalog was tested in online retrieval experiments at four participating libraries. These experiments provided data for analyses of subject searchers' use of a library classification in the information retrieval environment of an online catalog. Recommendations were provided for the enhancement of bibliographic records, online catalogs, and online cataloging systems with a library classification. In this paper, subject searchers' use of the subject outline search capability of the experimental online catalog is described. This capability was unique to the experimental online catalog and all other online catalogs, because it referred searchers to online displays of the classification schedules based on their entry of subject terms. Failure analyses of subject outline searches demonstrated its specific strenghts and weaknesses. Users' postsearch interview comments highlighted their experiences and their satisfaction with this search. Based on the failure analyses and users' interview comments, recommendations are provided for the improvement of the subject outline search in online catalogs.
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Markey, K.: Forty years of classification online : final chapter or future unlimited? (2006)
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- Abstract
- This paper examines the forty-year history of online use of classification systems. Enhancing subject access was the rationale for obtaining support to conduct research in classification online and for incorporating classification into online systems. Catalogers have been the beneficiaries of most of the advances in classification online and operational online systems are now able to assist them in class number assignment and shelflisting. To this day, the only way in which most end users experience classification online is through their online catalog's shelflist browsing capability. The author speculates on the reasons why classification online never caught on as an end user's tool in online systems. Both the information industry and the library and information science community missed the opportunity to lead the charge in the organization of Internet resources; however, OCLC, the publisher of the Dewey Decimal Classification, has made substantial improvements to the scheme that have increased its versatility for organizing Internet resources. Because mass digitization projects such as Google Print will solve the problem of subject access, the author makes recommendations for classification online to solve these vexing problems of end users: staging of access, retrieving the best material in response to user queries, and automatic approaches to finding additional relevant information for an ongoing search.
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Markey, K.: Dewey Decimal Classification online project: integration of a library schedule and index into the subject searching capabilities of an online catalog (1985)
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Markey, K.: Class number searching in an experimental online catalog (1986)
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Markey, K.: Findings of the Dewey Decimal Classification on-line project (1986)
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