-
Zichun, L.: ¬The development of Chinese cataloguing tools and standards (1998)
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- Abstract
- Looks at the influence of early Cinese philosophy, the political climate and the economic environment on the development of the Chinese classification scheme focusing on 4 major turning points in this development. These are: the Han Dynasty of the 70 BC years; the Qing Dynasty of the 1700s; the Republican period (1911-1949); and the communist years between the 1950s and the present days
- Type
- a
-
Satija, M.P.: History of book numbers (1987)
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- Abstract
- The history of book numbers starts only with Melvil Dewey, as before hom books were shelved in fixed location systems. The article traces the early attempts by Dewey himself to combine class numbers with author numbers and shows the development in the individualization of book numbers by a great number of classificationists and classifiers, among which J. Schwartz, W.S. Biscoe, Ch.A. Cutter, K.E. Sanborn, J.D. Brown, A.F. Rider and finally S.R. Ranganathan whose faceted structure and ease of application of book numbers seems still to be the optimal solution. Two rival systems of book numbers are alphabetical by author and chronological by the year of publication of a books. The concluding chapter is devoted to the existing literatur on book numbers and laments its vanishing quality. The study of book numbers is not getting due attention.
- Source
- International classification. 14(1987), S.70-76
- Type
- a
-
Kaiser, J.O.: Systematic indexing (1985)
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- Abstract
- A native of Germany and a former teacher of languages and music, Julius Otto Kaiser (1868-1927) came to the Philadelphia Commercial Museum to be its librarian in 1896. Faced with the problem of making "information" accessible, he developed a method of indexing he called systematic indexing. The first draft of his scheme, published in 1896-97, was an important landmark in the history of subject analysis. R. K. Olding credits Kaiser with making the greatest single advance in indexing theory since Charles A. Cutter and John Metcalfe eulogizes him by observing that "in sheer capacity for really scientific and logical thinking, Kaiser's was probably the best mind that has ever applied itself to subject indexing." Kaiser was an admirer of "system." By systematic indexing he meant indicating information not with natural language expressions as, for instance, Cutter had advocated, but with artificial expressions constructed according to formulas. Kaiser grudged natural language its approximateness, its vagaries, and its ambiguities. The formulas he introduced were to provide a "machinery for regularising or standardising language" (paragraph 67). Kaiser recognized three categories or "facets" of index terms: (1) terms of concretes, representing things, real or imaginary (e.g., money, machines); (2) terms of processes, representing either conditions attaching to things or their actions (e.g., trade, manufacture); and (3) terms of localities, representing, for the most part, countries (e.g., France, South Africa). Expressions in Kaiser's index language were called statements. Statements consisted of sequences of terms, the syntax of which was prescribed by formula. These formulas specified sequences of terms by reference to category types. Only three citation orders were permitted: a term in the concrete category followed by one in the process category (e.g., Wool-Scouring); (2) a country term followed by a process term (e.g., Brazil - Education); and (3) a concrete term followed by a country term, followed by a process term (e.g., Nitrate-Chile-Trade). Kaiser's system was a precursor of two of the most significant developments in twentieth-century approaches to subject access-the special purpose use of language for indexing, thus the concept of index language, which was to emerge as a generative idea at the time of the second Cranfield experiment (1966) and the use of facets to categorize subject indicators, which was to become the characterizing feature of analytico-synthetic indexing methods such as the Colon classification. In addition to its visionary quality, Kaiser's work is notable for its meticulousness and honesty, as can be seen, for instance, in his observations about the difficulties in facet definition.
- Pages
- S.52-70
- Source
- Theory of subject analysis: a sourcebook. Ed.: L.M. Chan, et al
- Type
- a
-
Koch, M.: ¬Das Wissen der Welt : vor 300 Jahren wurde der Mathematiker und Enzyklopädist Jean-Baptiste le Rond d'Alembert geboren (2017)
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- Abstract
- Bis heute findet sich der Name des französischen Gelehrten und Mathematikers Jean-Baptiste le Rond d'Alembert in vielen Geschichtsbüchern. Das hat vor allem einen Grund: Gemeinsam mit dem Philosophen Denis Diderot gab d'Alembert eines der wichtigsten Werke der Aufklärung heraus. Dessen etwas ausladender Titel lautet: »Enzyklopädie oder ein durchdachtes Wörterbuch der Wissenschaften, Künste und Handwerke«. Ziel der Herausgeber war es, »ein allgemeines Bild der Anstrengungen des menschlichen Geistes auf allen Gebieten und in allen Jahrhunderten zu entwerfen«. An der Abfassung der mehr als 70 000 Enzyklopädie-Artikel beteiligte sich fast die gesamte geistige Elite Frankreichs, darunter Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Voltaire und Montesquieu. Der erste Band erschien 1751 und enthielt ein viel beachtetes Vorwort von d'Alembert, der gelegentlich erklärte: Das Wissen der Menschheit stamme nicht von einem Monarchen oder aus Rom, sondern vom individuellen Sinn und Verstand. Erwartungsgemäß stand der französische König Ludwig XV. dem Werk ebenso ablehnend gegenüber wie Papst Clemens XIII., der die Enzyklopädie 1759 auf den Index der verbotenen Bücher setzen ließ. Doch alle Versuche, den Fortgang des Projekts zu verhindern, scheiterten. Zuletzt umfasste das aufklärerische Mammutwerk 35 Bände; den Schluss bildete 1780 ein zweibändiges Register.
- Type
- a
-
Rayward, W.B.: ¬The origins of information science and the International Institute of Bibliography / International Federation for Information and Documentation (FID) (1997)
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- Abstract
- Describes the history and origins of the International Institute of Bibliography, founded in 1895 and which later became the FID. Outlines the work of Paul Otlet and his colleagues in developing the idea of universal bibliographic control through the Répertoire Bibliographique Universel and the emergence of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) as the means of its classifies arrangement. Stresses the key role played by this work in developing the main concepts of information science and documentation
- Source
- International forum on information and documentation. 22(1997) no.2, S.3-15
- Type
- a
-
Broughton, V.: Henry Evelyn Bliss : the other immortal or a prophet without honour? (2008)
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- Abstract
- The paper takes a retrospective look at the work of Henry Evelyn Bliss, classificationist theorist and author of the Bibliographic Classification. Major features of his writings and philosophy are examined and evaluated for the originality of their contribution to the corpus of knowledge in the discipline. Reactions to Bliss's work are analysed, as is his influence on classification theory of the 20th century. Contemporary work on knowledge organization is seen to continue a number of strands from Bliss's original writings. His standing as a classificationist is compared with that of Ranganathan, with the conclusion that he is not given the credit he deserves.
- Date
- 9. 2.1997 18:44:22
- Source
- Journal of librarianship and information science. 40(2008) no.1, S.45-58
- Type
- a
-
Heuvel, C. van den: Multidimensional classifications : past and future conceptualizations and visualizations (2012)
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- Abstract
- This paper maps the concepts "space" and "dimensionality" in classifications, in particular in visualizations hereof, from a historical perspective. After a historical excursion in the domain of classification theory of what in mathematics is known as dimensionality reduction in representations of a single universe of knowledge, its potentiality will be explored for information retrieval and navigation in the multiverse of the World Wide Web.
- Content
- This paper is an adaptation and augmented version of a paper presented at the NASKO 2011 conference: Charles van den Heuvel. 2011. Multidimensional classifications: Past and future conceptualizations and visualizations. In Smiraglia, Richard P., ed. Proceedings from North American Symposium on Knowledge Organization, Vol. 3. Toronto, Canada, pp. 105-21. Vgl.: http://www.ergon-verlag.de/isko_ko/downloads/ko_39_2012_6_e.pdf.
- Date
- 22. 2.2013 11:31:25
- Type
- a
-
Wellisch, H.H.: Organisatorische Neuordnung des DK-Systems (1971)
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- Source
- Nachrichten für Dokumentation. 22(1971), S.55-63
- Type
- a
-
Barat, A.H.: Hungarians in the history of the UDC (2014)
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- Abstract
- I outline a major segment of the history of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) in Hungary and all related important events and activities. Significant and committed specialists who played prominent role on a national and international level are also mentioned. It's not an overstatement, that the usage and publications of the UDC in Hungary are significant milestones in the international history of UDC. The usage of UDC has been very widespread and it is found in different types of libraries. People who were responsible for the developing of information retrieval systems and quality of these methods were very engaged and participated in international activities. There were several huge libraries such as special, academic, municipal and national library where UDC has been employed since quite early on and the leaders of these pioneer libraries travelled widely and were active in international researches and practices.
- Source
- Knowledge organization in the 21st century: between historical patterns and future prospects. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International ISKO Conference 19-22 May 2014, Kraków, Poland. Ed.: Wieslaw Babik
- Type
- a
-
Foskett, D.J.: ¬'A rustic in the library' : The first Dr. Pafford Memorial Lecture (1997)
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- Date
- 9. 2.1997 18:44:22
- Source
- Journal of librarianship and information science. 29(1997) no.4, S.211-216
- Type
- a
-
Dewey, M.: Decimal classification beginnings (1990)
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- Date
- 25.12.1995 22:28:43
- Type
- a
-
Sveistrup, H.: ¬Der neue Realkatalog der SUB Hamburg (1947)
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- Source
- Probleme des Wiederaufbaus im wissenschaftlichen Bibliothekswesen: aus d. Verhandlungen des 1. Bibliothekartagung der britischen Zone in Hamburg vom 22.-24.10.1946
- Type
- a
-
Davies, R.: Classification and ratiocination : a perennial quest (1986)
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- Source
- Intelligent information systems: prgress and prospects. Ed.: R. Davies
- Type
- a
-
Dousa, T.M.: ¬The simple and the complex in E. C. Richardson's theory of classification : observations on an early KO model of the relationship between ontology and epistemology (2010)
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- Abstract
- In light of ongoing debates about ontological vs. epistemological approaches to knowledge organization (KO), this paper examines E. C. Richardson's treatment of ontology and epistemology in his theory of classification. According to Richardson, there is a natural order of things in the world accessible to human cognition, which may be expressed in two classificatory orders: evolutionary classification, which ranges classes of things from the most simple to the most complex, and logical classification, which ranges classes of things in the inverse order, from the most complex to the most simple. Evolutionary classification reflects ontological order and logical classification reflects epistemological order: both are faces of a single natural order. Such a view requires adherence to a representationalist, or, in Hjorland's (2008) terms, positivist understanding of epistemology, wherein human knowledge faithfully mirrors the structure of the external world. Richardson's harmonization of ontology and epistemology will find little favor among proponents of the currently fashionable pragmatist approach to KO. Nevertheless, it constitutes an early version of what Gnoli (2004) terms a naturalistic epistemology, which, once deepened and clarified, offers the best prospects for an explicit expression of both the ontological and epistemological dimensions of knowledge within a single classification of general scope.
- Pages
- S.15-22
- Type
- a
-
Satija, M.P.: Abridged Dewey-15 (2012) in historical perspectives (2012)
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- Abstract
- The origin of the abridged edition of the Dewey system goes back to 1894 when an outline of 192 pages based on the full 5th Edition (1894) was issued for small public and school libraries of North America. New editions have appeared regularly following closely the publication of new full editions. An abridged version, which is always in one volume, comprises an introduction, schedules, four tables (namely 1, 2, 3 and 4) only, and the relative index and other minor features of the full edition, and has shorter numbers. Abridged 15 is a logical abridgement of the DDC23 (2011) and is a product of a new approach to development of an abridged edition of the DDC. Its content has been derived from the DDC database applying a set of rules to extract the edition using the new (2010) version of the editorial support system. The revision process has been informed by interaction with an always widening and diversified Dewey community at home and abroad. It aims to improve the currency of the schedules continuing to serve as shelving tool while recognizing its 'other' uses as a spinoff of its simplicity and inexpensiveness.
- Date
- 3. 3.2016 18:59:22
- Type
- a
-
Coates, E.J.: Classification in information retrieval : the twenty years following Dorking (1978)
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- a
-
Rayward, W.B.: ¬The origins of information science and the International Institute of Bibliography / International Federation for Information and Documentation (FID) (1997)
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- Abstract
- The ideas and practices embraced by the term documentation introduced by Paul Otlet and his colleagues to describe the work of the International Institute of Bibliography (later FID) that they set up in Brussels in 1895, constituted a new discursive formation. The key concepts for information science were implicit in and operationalized by what was created within the International Institute of Bibliography in 1895 and the decades that followed. Important aspects of the origins of information science were contained within or became an extension of the discursive format labelled documentation
- Footnote
- Contribution to part 1 of a 2 part series on the history of documentation and information science
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 48(1997) no.4, S.289-300
- Type
- a
-
Svenonius, E.: Facet definition: a case study (1978)
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- Abstract
- Historical account of the sophisticated method of indexing developed by J.O. Kaiser (1896/97), a librarian at the Philadelphia Commercial Museum who established his index on cards (a novelty then) and distinguished his items according to the categories 'concrete', 'process', and 'country'. He also introduced "statement indexing" and rules to this end in order to permit the supply of "complete information" on a subject in a document. In summarizing these findings, the author stresses the necessitiy of establishing well-defined categories if an organization of terms is to serve e.g. information retrieval.
- Type
- a
-
Ducheyne, S.: "To treat of the world" : Paul Otlet's ontology and epistemology and the circle of knowledge (2009)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to document how Paul Otlet, founding-father of what is termed at present as "information science", attempted to provide a complete "image of the world" (and reality in general) by establishing the scientific discipline he dubbed "documentation". The paper also aims to focus on how Otlet represented human knowledge and reality in a systematic and unified way. Design/methodology/approach - A close reading of Otlet's primary works and some of his personal archives was undertaken. Findings - Most importantly, it is shown that Otlet's views on documentation were immersed in a cosmological, objectivist, humanitarian and ontological framework that is alien to contemporary information science. Correspondingly, his alleged affinity with positivism is reassessed. Originality/value - The philosophical foundations of the origins of information science are highlighted. Indirectly, this paper is relevant to the ongoing debate on realism and anti-realism in information science.
- Type
- a
-
Coates, E.J.: Classification in information retrieval : the twenty years following Dorking (1997)
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- Imprint
- The Hague : International Federation for Information and Documentation (FID)
- Source
- From classification to 'knowledge organization': Dorking revisited or 'past is prelude'. A collection of reprints to commemorate the firty year span between the Dorking Conference (First International Study Conference on Classification Research 1957) and the Sixth International Study Conference on Classification Research (London 1997). Ed.: A. Gilchrist
- Type
- a
