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Date

24. 8.2016 14:03:22

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Date

18. 6.2018 19:22:02

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Abstract

In diesem Buch wird eine erste Generation von künstlichen Hirnen für das Sehen vorgestellt. Auf der ausschließlichen Grundlage von Neuron- und Synapsenmodellen wird ein Objekterkennungssystem konstruiert, welches eine Merkmalspyramide mit 8 Orientierungen und 5 Auflösungsskalen für 1000 Objekte sowie die Netze für die Bindung von Merkmalen zu Objekten umfasst. Dieses Sehsystem kann unabhängig von der Beleuchtung, dem Gesichtausdruck, der Entfernung und einer Drehung, welche die Objektkomponenten sichtbar lässt, Objekte erkennen. Seine Realisierung erfordert 59 Chips - davon sind 4 verschieden - welche mittels 3D Technologie zu einem Quader von 8mm x 8mm x 1mm aufgeschichtet sind. Die Leistungsfähigkeit des neuronal-synaptischen Netzwerkes beruht auf der Einführung von schnell veränderlichen dynamischen Synapsen. Anders als Netze mit konstanten Synapsen können solche mit dynamischen Synapsen allgemeine Aufgaben der Mustererkennung übernehmen. Die raum-zeitliche Korrelationsstruktur von Mustern wird durch eine einzige synaptische Differentialgleichung in universeller Weise erfasst. Die Korrelation kann in Erscheinung treten als synchrone Pulstätigkeit einer Neurongruppe, wodurch das Vorliegen eines Merkmals in robuster Weise angezeigt wird, oder als Bindung von Merkmalen zu Objekten.

Content

1. Problematik der Modellierung künstlicher Gehirne - 2. Informationsverarbeitung in Netzen mit konstanten Synapsen - 3. Allgemeine Theorie der Netze mit dynamischen Synapsen - 4. Makrodynamik der Netze mit konstanten Synapsen - 5. Informationsverarbeitung mit dynamischen Synapsen - 6. Netze für die Merkmalsdetektion - 7. Netze für die Merkmalserkennung - 8. Netze für die robuste Kopfdetektion - 9. Ausblick - 10. Vor üb er legungen zur mikroelektronischen Realisierung - 11. Elementare Schaltungen für Neuronen, Synapsen und Photosensoren - 12. Simulation mikroelektronischer neuronaler Schaltungen und Systeme - 13. Architektur und Chip-Entwurf des Merkmalserkenners - 14. Architektur und Chip-Entwurf für Merkmalsdetektoren - 15. 3D-Stapeltechnik für den Sehwürfel - 16. Architektur eines Sehwürfels der ersten Generation Vgl.: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-642-00191-8.

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Isbn

978-3-642-43999-5

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Content

Enthält die Kapitel: (E) Vom Neuron zur Psyche; (1) Das Rüstzeug des Geistes: die Revolution der neuen Konnektionisten: (2) Das Puzzlespiel: die Mechanismen des Denkens; (3) Die große Wasserscheide: Gehirnforschung contra Geistesforschung; (4) Wetware: die Anatomie des Erinnerungsvermögens; (5) Wodurch wird ein Neuronenbündel so schlau?: die Wissenschaft von der Komplexität; (6) Der Computer als Autodidakt: wie Neuralnetzwerke das Laufen lernen; (7) Maschinenträume: Neuralnetzwerke im Arbeitseinsatz; (8) Streitbare Denker: der Kampf um die Herzen der Wissenschaftler; (9) Der Musterschüler: NETalk lernt laut lesen

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Content

Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. Applications 3. General Challenges 4. Classification and Extraction 5. Summarization 6. Broader Implications 7. Publicly Available Resources 8. Concluding Remarks References

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Abstract

This book describes efficient and effective techniques for harnessing the power of Linked Data by tackling the various aspects of managing its growing volume: storing, querying, reasoning, provenance management and benchmarking. To this end, Chapter 1 introduces the main concepts of the Semantic Web and Linked Data and provides a roadmap for the book. Next, Chapter 2 briefly presents the basic concepts underpinning Linked Data technologies that are discussed in the book. Chapter 3 then offers an overview of various techniques and systems for centrally querying RDF datasets, and Chapter 4 outlines various techniques and systems for efficiently querying large RDF datasets in distributed environments. Subsequently, Chapter 5 explores how streaming requirements are addressed in current, state-of-the-art RDF stream data processing. Chapter 6 covers performance and scaling issues of distributed RDF reasoning systems, while Chapter 7 details benchmarks for RDF query engines and instance matching systems. Chapter 8 addresses the provenance management for Linked Data and presents the different provenance models developed. Lastly, Chapter 9 offers a brief summary, highlighting and providing insights into some of the open challenges and research directions. Providing an updated overview of methods, technologies and systems related to Linked Data this book is mainly intended for students and researchers who are interested in the Linked Data domain. It enables students to gain an understanding of the foundations and underpinning technologies and standards for Linked Data, while researchers benefit from the in-depth coverage of the emerging and ongoing advances in Linked Data storing, querying, reasoning, and provenance management systems. Further, it serves as a starting point to tackle the next research challenges in the domain of Linked Data management.

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Content

C H A P T E R 1 What is an ontology?; Introduction; The data deluge and information overload; Defining terms; Knowledge organization systems and ontologies; Ontologies, metadata and linked data; What can an ontology do?; Ontologies and information professionals; Alternatives to ontologies; The aims of this book; The structure of this book; C H A P T E R 2 Ontologies and the semantic web; Introduction; The semantic web and linked data; Resource Description Framework (RDF); Classes, subclasses and properties; The semantic web stack; Embedded RDF; Alternative semantic visionsLibraries and the semantic web; Other cultural heritage institutions and the semantic web; Other organizations and the semantic web; Conclusion; C H A P T E R 3 Existing ontologies; Introduction; Ontology documentation; Ontologies for representing ontologies; Ontologies for libraries; Upper ontologies; Cultural heritage data models; Ontologies for the web; Conclusion; C H A P T E R 4 Adopting ontologies; Introduction; Reusing ontologies: application profiles and data models; Identifying ontologies; The ideal ontology discovery tool; Selection criteria; Conclusion C H A P T E R 5 Building ontologiesIntroduction; Approaches to building an ontology; The twelve steps; Ontology development example: Bibliometric Metrics Ontology element set; Conclusion; C H A P T E R 6 Interrogating ontologies; Introduction; Interrogating ontologies for reuse; Interrogating a knowledge base; Understanding ontology use; Conclusion; C H A P T E R 7 The future of ontologies and the information professional; Introduction; The future of ontologies for knowledge discovery; The future role of library and information professionals; The practical development of ontologies