Search (10 results, page 1 of 1)

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Date

22. 3.2008 16:18:27

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Isbn

3-8169-2120-5

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Content

Inhalt: 1. Einleitung (A. Dengel, A. Bernardi) 2. Wissensrepräsentation (A. Dengel, A. Bernardi, L. van Elst) 3. Semantische Netze, Thesauri und Topic Maps (O. Rostanin, G. Weber) 4. Das Ressource Description Framework (T. Roth-Berghofer) 5. Ontologien und Ontologie-Abgleich in verteilten Informationssystemen (L. van Elst) 6. Anfragesprachen und Reasoning (M. Sintek) 7. Linked Open Data, Semantic Web Datensätze (G.A. Grimnes, O. Hartig, M. Kiesel, M. Liwicki) 8. Semantik in der Informationsextraktion (B. Adrian, B. Endres-Niggemeyer) 9. Semantische Suche (K. Schumacher, B. Forcher, T. Tran) 10. Erklärungsfähigkeit semantischer Systeme (B. Forcher, T. Roth-Berghofer, S. Agne) 11. Semantische Webservices zur Steuerung von Prooduktionsprozessen (M. Loskyll, J. Schlick, S. Hodeck, L. Ollinger, C. Maxeiner) 12. Wissensarbeit am Desktop (S. Schwarz, H. Maus, M. Kiesel, L. Sauermann) 13. Semantische Suche für medizinische Bilder (MEDICO) (M. Möller, M. Sintek) 14. Semantische Musikempfehlungen (S. Baumann, A. Passant) 15. Optimierung von Instandhaltungsprozessen durch Semantische Technologien (P. Stephan, M. Loskyll, C. Stahl, J. Schlick)

Footnote

Auch als digitale Ausgabe verfügbar. Auf S. 5 befindet sich der Satz: "Wissen ist Information, die in Aktion umgesetzt wird".

Isbn

978-3-8274-2663-5

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Date

5. 8.2007 17:49:03

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Isbn

978-0-521-86571-5

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Date

5. 9.2011 12:46:15

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Isbn

978-1-420-09050-5

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Isbn

3-446-41208-5

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.4, S.608-609 (K.D. Desouza): "Richard Rogers explores the distinctiveness of the World Wide Web as a politically contested space where information searchers may encounter multiple explanations of reality. Sources of information on the Web are in constant competition with each other for attention. The attention a source receives will determine its prominence, the ability to be a provider of leading information, and its inclusion in authoritative spaces. Rogers explores the politics behind evaluating sources that are collected and housed on authoritative spaces. Information politics on the Web can be looked at in terms of frontend or back-end politics. Front-end politics is concerned with whether sources on the Web pay attention to principles of inclusivity, fairness, and scope of representation in how information is presented, while back-end politics examines the logic behind how search engines or portals select and index information. Concerning front-end politics, Rogers questions the various versions of reality one can derive from examining information on the Web, especially when issues of information inclusivity and scope of representation are toiled with. In addition, Rogers is concerned with how back-end politics are being controlled by dominant forces of the market (i.e., the more an organization is willing to pay, the greater will be the site's visibility and prominence in authoritative spaces), regardless of whether the information presented on the site justifies such a placement. In the book, Rogers illustrates the issues involved in back-end and front-end politics (though heavily slanted on front-end politics) using vivid cases, all of which are derived from his own research. The main thrust is the exploration of how various "information instruments," defined as "a digital and analytical means of recording (capturing) and subsequently reading indications of states of defined information streams (p. 19)," help capture the politics of the Web. Rogers employs four specific instruments (Lay Decision Support System, Issue Barometer, Web Issue Index of Civil Society, and Election Issue Tracker), which are covered in detail in core chapters of the book (Chapter 2-Chapter 5). The book is comprised of six chapters, with Chapter 1 being the traditional introduction and Chapter 6 being a summary of the major concepts discussed.
In Chapter 5, the "Election Issue Tracker" is introduced. The Election Issue Tracker calculates currency that is defined as "frequency of mentions of the issue terms per newspaper and across newspapers" in the three major national newspapers. The Election Issue Tracker is used to study which issues resonate with the press and which do not. As one would expect, Rogers found that not all issues that are considered important or central to a political party resonate with the press. This book contains a wealth of information that can be accessed by both researcher and practitioner. Even more interesting is the fact that researchers from a wide assortment of disciplines, from political science to information science and even communication studies, will appreciate the research and insights put forth by Rogers. Concepts presented in each chapter are thoroughly described using a wide variety of cases. Albeit all the cases are of a European flavor, mainly Dutch, they are interesting and thought-provoking. I found the descriptions of Rogers various information instruments to be very interesting. Researchers can gain from an examination of these instruments as it points to an interesting method for studying activities and behaviors on the Internet. In addition, each chapter has adequate illustrations and the bibliography is comprehensive. This book will make for an ideal supplementary text for graduate courses in information science, communication and media studies, and even political science. Like all books, however, this book had its share of shortcomings. While I was able to appreciate the content of the book, and certainly commend Rogers for studying an issue of immense significance, I found the book to be very difficult to read and parse through. The book is laden with jargon, political statements, and even has several instances of deficient writing. The book also lacked a sense of structure, and this affected the presentation of Rogers' material. I would have also hoped to see some recommendations by Rogers in terms of how should researchers further the ideas he has put forth. Areas of future research, methods for studying future problems, and even insights on what the future might hold for information politics were not given enough attention in the book; in my opinion, this was a major shortcoming. Overall, I commend Rogers for putting forth a very informative book on the issues of information politics on the Web. Information politics, especially when delivered on the communication technologies such as the Web, is going to play a vital role in our societies for a long time to come. Debates will range from the politics of how information is searched for and displayed on the Web to how the Web is used to manipulate or politicize information to meet the agendas of various entities. Richard Rogers' book will be of the seminal and foundational readings on the topic for any curious minds that want to explore these issues."

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Footnote

Thema von Kapitel 3 ist die sinnvolle Nutzung von Wikipedia: Sie ist auch eine Suchmaschine, da zu den Beiträgen qualifizierte Links angeboten werden; sie eignet sich zum Stöbern, als Einstieg in Themenbereiche und als Startpunkt für eine vertiefte Recherche, sie kann zur Bildersuche verwendet werden oder als Übersetzungsdienst. Hier klärt der Autor auch die häufig diskutierte Frage, ob aus Wikipedia zitiert werden darf. Man darf genau dann, wenn auch aus Enzyklopädien zitiert werden kann; für nicht-wissenschaftliche Zwecke ohne weiteres, weniger jedoch für wissenschaftliche, denn Enzyklopädien sind Tertiärquellen, in jedem Fall ist es also ratsam, Argumentationen auf Sekundär- und Primärquellen zu stützen, durchaus auch auf solche, die in Wikipedia genannt sind. Kapitel 4 beschäftigt sich mit den immer wieder monierten Schwachstellen von Wikipedia: fehlerhafte Informationen, Vandalismus und Manipulation, mangelnde Objektivität, mangelnde Aktualität und unberechenbare Veränderbarkeit der Inhalte. Kapitel 5 ist speziell für Lehrende in Schulen und Hochschulen interessant. Die genannten Fallstricke werden hier umgedeutet zu Chancen für eine didaktisch sinnvolle Nutzung von Wikipedia, unter dem Motto: nicht Hände weg von Wikipedia, sondern aktive Auseinandersetzung mit Wikipedia. Schüler und Studierende, die z.B. selbst Beiträge in Wikipedia verfassen, lernen schreiben und argumentieren, indem sie in Diskussion treten mit anderen Nutzer/innen; sie werden sensibilisiert für Plagiate, sie lernen selbständig zu formulieren, v.a. wenn sie nicht nur Fakten zusammentragen müssen, sondern den Auftrag haben, Informationen kritisch zu bewerten, zusammenzufassen, zu reflektieren und zu nutzen. Wikipedia kann demnach - so die sehr plausible Konsequenz - unter geeigneten didaktischen Voraussetzungen gerade zur Förderung von Informationskompetenz beitragen."