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Date

21. 7.2006 14:11:22

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 53(2002) no.11, S.960-965

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Date

19. 3.2016 12:22:00

Source

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 67(2016) no.4, S.960-966

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960

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Footnote

Rez. in: IfB 3(1995) H.4, S.801-802 (W. Bies)

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Date

2.10.1996 17:14:22

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Source

Communicating information : proceedings of the 43rd Asis annual meeting, Anaheim, California, October 5-10, 1980. Eds.: Alan R Benenfeld u. Edward John Kazlauskas

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Abstract

Wie passen mentale Phänomene wie Bewusstsein, Intentionalität und mentale Verursachung zum "Rest des Universums" und wie bringen wir unsere Theorien dieser Phänomene im Gebäude unserer übrigen Welterklärungen unter? Wie muss eine Theorie aussehen, die wissenschaftlichen Ansprüchen und neurowissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen gerecht wird, ohne grundlegende Intuitionen und bewusste, subjektive wie qualitative Erfahrungen des Mentalen zu unterdrücken oder zu marginalisieren? - John Rogers Searle vertritt in seinem Buch Mind eine in Teilen verfeinerte Version jenes geschmeidigen Monismus, der auch seine früheren Arbeiten zur Philosophie des Geistes kennzeichnet. Ziel seiner Überlegungen ist eine, "biological naturalism" genannte, umfassende und einheitliche Theorie des Mentalen, die er für die Philosophie als das Projekt menschlicher Selbstverständigung für vordringlich hält. In ihrem Zentrum wiederum steht eine Theorie des Bewusstseins.

Content

Besprechung zu: Searle, J.R.: Geist. Beim hier vorliegenden Text handelt es sich um die vorletzte Fassung. (Vgl.: https://www.uni-erfurt.de/fileadmin/user-docs/Philosophie/praktphil/Online-Texte/Der_Antidualismus_sein_Vokabular_und_dessen_Ambiguitaet.pdf.)

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Abstract

The starting point of the following inquiry addresses John Searle's and Ian Hacking's most prominent critique of contemporary "constructionism" in the 1990s. It is stimulated by the astonishing fact that neither Hacking nor Searle take into account Peter Berger's and Thomas Luckmann's classical essay and sociological masterpiece The Social Construction of Reality in their contributions. Critically revisiting Searle's and Hacking's critique on the so-called constructivist approach, the article demonstrates that both authors have failed to put forth a sociologically valid understanding of the approach in question. The following analysis aims to deconstruct the conceptualizations offered by Searle and Hacking, and to reconstruct and defend the original sense of the term "social construction" as most prominently introduced by Berger and Luckmann to sociology, and social sciences in general.

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Abstract

Im Frühjahr 2000 begann Susan Blackmore, Material für ein Radiofeature zum Thema Bewußtsein zu sammeln. Die Sendung kam nie zustande, aber die Idee, sich einem der großen Rätsel der menschlichen Existenz in Gesprächen zu nähern, ließ sie nicht mehr los. So entstanden zwanzig Interviews mit Philosophen und Naturwissenschaftlern, der Crème de la Crème der internationalen Bewußtseinsforschung, die hier Rede und Antwort steht. David Chalmers zum Beispiel, der erklärt, warum das Bewußtsein ein solch schwieriges Problem ist, oder Susan Greenfield, der zufolge man schon bei Sophokles und Euripides Interessantes über Willensfreiheit lernen kann. Francisco Varela spricht über Zombies, Roger Penrose über John Searle, John Searle über Immanuel Kant. Wir erfahren von Vilayanur Ramachandran, warum er nicht meditiert, und von Thomas Metzinger, inwiefern das bewußte Selbst eine Illusion ist. Und im letzten Interview vor seinem Tod rekapituliert Francis Crick seinen Weg von der Genetik zur Bewußtseinsforschung. Es geht um den Geist und um die Gene, um das Gehirn und die Gefühle, aber auch um Quantenprozesse und Träume, Descartes und Shiva, Kabbala und Drogenpolitik - und nicht zuletzt um Forscherkarrieren und Lebensträume.

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Abstract

Short portraits (with photographs) of Elizabeth Wallis, a founder member of the Society of Indexers in 1957; Mary Piggott who taught nearly 30 years at University College London the subjects cataloguing and classification and had joined SI at its inaugural meeting; and John Vickers who received the Wheatley medal in 1976 for his index to Vol.11 of the bicentennial ed. of 'The works of John Wesley' (Oxford Univ. Press 1975)

Source

Indexer. 18(1993) no.4, S.244-246

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Abstract

In seinem grundlegenden Werk geht John Searle der Frage nach, in welchem Sinn das Soziale existiert. Was unterscheidet soziale Tatsachen wie etwa Geld von natürlichen Tatsachen wie der Höhe eines Berges? Searle kommt zu dem Ergebnis, daß soziale Tatsachen durch Phänomene kollektiver Intentionalität konstituiert werden. Hierfür entwickelt er die mittlerweile zum philosophischen Standardrepertoire gehörende Formel »X gilt als Y in C«, die aufschlüsselt, wie zum Beispiel ein Stück Papier in einem bestimmten sozialen Kontext als Geld behandelt wird. Eine brillante Analyse, ein Klassiker. Der Autor untersucht in diesem Buch die Bestandteile unserer Welt, die Tatsachen nur kraft menschlicher Übereinkunft sind - wie Geld, Ehe, Eigentum und Regierung. Derartige Tatsachen haben eine objektive Existenz nur deshalb, weil wir daran glauben, dass sie existieren. Sie machen die vieldiskutierte, aber ebenso häufig mißverstandene Welt der kulturellen und gesellschaftlichen Realität aus.

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Footnote

Rez. in: Knowledge organization 22(1995) no.3/4, S.178-179 (M.P. Satija); Journal of documentation 51(1995) no.4, S.437-439 (R. Brunt)

Isbn

0-566-07547-4

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Source

Jahresbericht der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung. 115(2014) H.3/4, S.129-133

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Abstract

Written by an international team of experts (including Jeremy Adelman, Lorraine Daston, Devin Fitzgerald, John-Paul Ghobrial, Lisa Gitelman, Earle Havens, Randolph C. Head, Niv Horesh, Sarah Igo, Richard R. John, Lauren Kassell, Pamela Long, Erin McGuirl, David McKitterick, Elias Muhanna, Thomas S. Mullaney, Carla Nappi, Craig Robertson, Daniel Rosenberg, Neil Safier, Haun Saussy, Will Slauter, Jacob Soll, Heidi Tworek, Siva Vaidhyanathan, Alexandra Walsham), the book's inspired and original long- and short-form contributions reconstruct the rise of human approaches to creating, managing, and sharing facts and knowledge. Thirteen full-length chapters discuss the role of information in pivotal epochs and regions, with chief emphasis on Europe and North America, but also substantive treatment of other parts of the world as well as current global interconnections. More than 100 alphabetical entries follow, focusing on specific tools, methods, and concepts?from ancient coins to the office memo, and censorship to plagiarism. The result is a wide-ranging, deeply immersive collection that will appeal to anyone drawn to the story behind our modern mania for an informed existence.

Content

Cover -- Contents -- Introduction -- Alphabetical List of Entries -- Thematic List of Entries -- Contributors -- PART ONE -- 1. Premodern Regimes and Practices -- 2. Realms of Information in the Medieval Islamic World -- 3. Information in Early Modern East Asia -- 4. Information in Early Modern Europe -- 5. Networks and the Making of a Connected World in the Sixteenth Century -- 6. Records, Secretaries, and the European Information State, circa 1400-1700 -- 7. Periodicals and the Commercialization of Information in the Early Modern Era -- 8. Documents, Empire, and Capitalism in the Nineteenth Century -- 9. Nineteenth-Century Media Technologies -- 10. Networking: Information Circles the Modern World -- 11. Publicity, Propaganda, and Public Opinion: From the Titanic Disaster to the Hungarian Uprising -- 12. Communication, Computation, and Information -- 13. Search -- PART TWO -- Alphabetical Entries -- Glossary -- Index.

Isbn

978-0-691-17954-4

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Abstract

This paper examines the central place of the list and the associated concept of an identifier within the scaffolding of contemporary institutional order. These terms are deliberately chosen to make strange and help unpack the constitutive capacity of information systems and information technology within and between contemporary organizations. We draw upon the substantial body of work by John Searle to help understand the place of lists and identifiers in the constitution of institutional order. To enable us to ground our discussion of the potentiality and problematic associated with lists we describe a number of significant instances of list-making, situated particularly around the use of identifiers to refer to people, places, and products. The theorization developed allows us to better explain not only the significance imbued within lists and identifiers but the key part they play in form-ing the institutional order. We also hint at the role such symbolic artifacts play within breakdowns in institutional order.

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Isbn

3-89065-007-4

Pages

22 S

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Content

Enthält u.a. die Beiträge: (0): SCHMIDT, S.J.: Medien, Kommunikation und das 18. Kamel; WEISCHENBERG, S.: Die Realität des John F. Kennedy; MERTEN, K.: Wirken sie wirklich, die Wirkungen der Massenkommunikation?; (1): WEISCHENBERG, S.: Der Kampf um die Köpfe: Affären und die Spielregeln der 'Mediengesellschaft'; SCHMIDT, S.J.: Wir verstehen uns doch? Von der Unwahrscheinlicjkeit gelingender Kommunikation; MERTEN, K.: Inszenierung von Alltag: Kommunikation, Massenkommunikation, Medien; (2): KRUSE, P. u. M. STADLER: Wahrnehmen, Verstehen, Erinnern: der Aufbau des psychischen Apparates; SCHEFFER, B.: Wie wir erkennen: die soziale Konstruktion von Wirklichkeit im Individuum; (3): KRIPPENDORFF, K.: Der verschwundene Bote: Metaphern und Modelle der Kommunikation; GRABOWSKI, J., T. HERRMANN u. R. POBEL: Sprechen, Handeln, Regulieren: vom Zeichentausch zum zielgerichteten Sprechen; (4): RUSCH, G.: Verstehen verstehen: kognitive Autonomie und soziale Regulation; MEUTSCH, D.: Ein Bild sagt mehr als tausend Worte? Befunde zum Bildverstehen; (5): MERTEN, K.: Unsere tägliche Wirklichkeit heute: wie Medien die Kommunikation entfalten; ASSMANN, A. u, J. ASSMANN: Das Gestern im Heute: Medien und soziales Gedächtnis; ELSNER, M., H.U. GUMBRECHT, T. MÜLLER u. P.M. SPANGENBERG: Von Revolution zu Revolution: zur Kulturgeschichte der Medien; (6) SCHMIDT, S.J.: Die Münzen der Kommunikation: Gattungen, Berichterstattungsmuster, Darstellungsformen; RUHRMANN, G.: Zeitgeschichte à la carte: Ereignis, Nachricht und Rezipient; (7) NEVERLA, I.: Männerwelten - Frauenwelten: Wirklichkeitsmodelle, Geschlechterrollen, Chancenverteilung; FAULSTICH, W.: Stars: Idole, Werbeträger, Helden: sozialer Wandel durch Medien; (8): SCHMIDT, S.J.: Das 'Wahre, Schöne, Gute'? Literatur als soziales System; WEISCHENBERG, S. u. U. HIENZSCH: Neuigkeiten vom Fließband: Journalismus als soziales System; WEISCHENBERG, S, u. U. HIENZSCH: Von der Tontafel zum Chip: technische Grundlagen der Medienkommunikation; PROTT, J.: Kommunikation als Dienst und Handel: Organisation und Ökonomie der Medien; (9): RÜHL, M.: Zwischen Information und Unterhaltung: Funktionen der Medienkommunikation; MERTEN, K.: Allmacht oder Ohnmacht der Medien? Erklärungsmuster der Medienwirkungsforschung; PETERS, H.P.: Warner oder Angstmacher? Thema Risikokommunikation; (10): KREBS, D.: Verführung oder Therapie? Pornographie und Gewalt in den Medien; HURRELMANN, B.: Sozialisation vor dem Bildschirm: Kinder und Medien; LANG; K. u. G.E. Lang: Spiegel der Gesellschaft: Medien und öffentliche Meinung; (11): RÖPER, H.: Märkte, Mächte, Monopole: das Mediensystem der Bundesrepublik Deutschland; KLEINSTEUBER, H.J.: Das globale Netz: nationale und internationale Mediensysteme; (12): BAACKE, D. u. H.-D. Kübler: Lernen und Erziehen in der Medienumwelt: Konzepte der Medienpädagogik; LÖFFELHOLZ, M. u. K.-D. ALTMEPPEN: Kommunikation morgen: Perspektiven der 'Informationsgesellschaft'

Date

15.10.1995 11:44:22

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Abstract

Als der Neurowissenschaftler Maxwell Bennett und der Philosoph Peter Hacker 2003 den voluminösen Band Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience veröffentlichten, war dies nicht nur die erste systematische Untersuchung der begrifflichen Grundlagen der Neurowissenschaften. Es war auch der Startschuß für den bis heute intensiv geführten Kampf um die Deutungsmacht in bezug auf den menschlichen Geist. Besonders kritisch fiel seinerzeit die Auseinandersetzung der beiden Autoren mit den einflußreichen Arbeiten von Daniel Dennett und John Searle aus - also mit jenen beiden Denkern, die von der neurowissenschaftlichen Seite gerne als philosophische Gewährsmänner herangezogen werden. Mit Neurowissenschaft und Philosophie ist nun das Kunststück gelungen, die vier kongenialen »Streithähne« in einem Band zu versammeln. Im ersten Teil des Buches wird das zentrale Argument von Bennett und Hacker präsentiert, das unter anderem jene begrifflichen Verwirrungen offenlegt, denen Neurowissenschaftler allzu häufig unterliegen, wenn sie aus ihren empirischen Forschungen die bekannten weitreichenden Schlußfolgerungen etwa über das Wesen des Menschen ziehen. Der zweite und dritte Teil sind ganz der Debatte gewidmet: Auf die Einwände von Dennett und Searle folgen erneute Erwiderungen von Bennett und Hacker. Den Abschluß bildet ein kurzer Epilog von Maxwell Bennett, gerahmt wird das Ganze durch eine Einleitung und eine Schlußbetrachtung des Philosophen Daniel Robinson. Der Band zeigt vier Meister ihres Fachs in einem Duell auf höchstem Niveau, ausgetragen mit einem gehörigen Schuß Leidenschaft. Darüber hinaus bietet er eine ausgezeichnete und vor allem gut lesbare Zusammenfassung über den Stand der Dinge in einer der wichtigsten Science Battles unserer Zeit. Lebendige Wissenschaft par excellence.

Content

Darin: Searle, J.: Packt das Bewußtsein (Bewusstsein) wieder ins Gehirn (S.139- ) Vgl.: https://www.philosophie-raum.de/index.php/Thread/24280-Neurowissenschaften-und-Philosophie-Gehirn-Geist-und-Sprache/.

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: Research in School Library Media for the Next Decade: Polishing the Diamond (Delia Neuman) - Improving Health Care through Information: Research Challenges for Health Sciences Librarians (Prudence W. Dalrymple) - Determining How Libraries and Librarians Help (Joan C. Durrance and Karen E. Fisher) - Public Library Service to Children and Teens: A Research Agenda (Virginia A. Walter) - Outcomes Assessment in the Networked Environment: Research Questions, Issues, Considerations, and Moving Forward (John Carlo Bertot and Charles R. McClure) - Electronic Publishing: Research Issues for Academic Librarians and Users (Carol Tenopir) - Research Questions for the Digital Era Library (Deanna B. Marcum) - The Invisible Library: Paradox of the Global Information Infrastructure (Christine L. Borgman) - Five Grand Challenges for Library Research (Michael K. Buckland)

Source

Library trends. 51(2003) no.4, S.503-686

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Type

r