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Qin, J.: Evolving paradigms of knowledge representation and organization : a comparative study of classification, XML/DTD and ontology (2003) 0.05
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Abstract

The different points of views an knowledge representation and organization from various research communities reflect underlying philosophies and paradigms in these communities. This paper reviews differences and relations in knowledge representation and organization and generalizes four paradigms-integrative and disintegrative pragmatism and integrative and disintegrative epistemologism. Examples such as classification, XML schemas, and ontologies are compared based an how they specify concepts, build data models, and encode knowledge organization structures. 1. Introduction Knowledge representation (KR) is a term that several research communities use to refer to somewhat different aspects of the same research area. The artificial intelligence (AI) community considers KR as simply "something to do with writing down, in some language or communications medium, descriptions or pictures that correspond in some salient way to the world or a state of the world" (Duce & Ringland, 1988, p. 3). It emphasizes the ways in which knowledge can be encoded in a computer program (Bench-Capon, 1990). For the library and information science (LIS) community, KR is literally the synonym of knowledge organization, i.e., KR is referred to as the process of organizing knowledge into classifications, thesauri, or subject heading lists. KR has another meaning in LIS: it "encompasses every type and method of indexing, abstracting, cataloguing, classification, records management, bibliography and the creation of textual or bibliographic databases for information retrieval" (Anderson, 1996, p. 336). Adding the social dimension to knowledge organization, Hjoerland (1997) states that knowledge is a part of human activities and tied to the division of labor in society, which should be the primary organization of knowledge. Knowledge organization in LIS is secondary or derived, because knowledge is organized in learned institutions and publications. These different points of views an KR suggest that an essential difference in the understanding of KR between both AI and LIS lies in the source of representationwhether KR targets human activities or derivatives (knowledge produced) from human activities. This difference also decides their difference in purpose-in AI KR is mainly computer-application oriented or pragmatic and the result of representation is used to support decisions an human activities, while in LIS KR is conceptually oriented or abstract and the result of representation is used for access to derivatives from human activities.

Date

12. 9.2004 17:22:35

Maniez, J.: ¬Des classifications aux thesaurus : du bon usage des facettes (1999) 0.02

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Date: 1. 8.1996 22:01:00

Maniez, J.: ¬Du bon usage des facettes : des classifications aux thésaurus (1999) 0.02

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Date: 1. 8.1996 22:01:00

Foskett, D.J.: Systems theory and its relevance to documentary classification (2017) 0.02

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Date: 6. 5.2017 18:46:22

Connaway, L.S.; Sievert, M.C.: Comparison of three classification systems for information on health insurance (1996) 0.01

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Date: 22. 4.1997 21:10:19

Belayche, C.: ¬A propos de la classification de Dewey (1997) 0.01

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Source: Bulletin d'informations de l'Association des Bibliothecaires Francais. 1997, no.175, S.22-23

Lin, W.-Y.C.: ¬The concept and applications of faceted classifications (2006) 0.01

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Date: 27. 5.2007 22:19:35

Lorenz, B.: Zur Theorie und Terminologie der bibliothekarischen Klassifikation (2018) 0.01

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Pages: S.1-22

Winske, E.: ¬The development and structure of an urban, regional, and local documents classification scheme (1996) 0.01

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Footnote: Paper presented at conference on 'Local documents, a new classification scheme' at the Research Caucus of the Florida Library Association Annual Conference, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 22 Apr 95

Olson, H.A.: Sameness and difference : a cultural foundation of classification (2001) 0.01

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Date: 10. 9.2000 17:38:22

Hjoerland, B.: Theories of knowledge organization - theories of knowledge (2017) 0.01

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Pages: S.22-36

Kwasnik, B.H.: ¬The role of classification in knowledge representation (1999) 0.01

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Source: Library trends. 48(1999) no.1, S.22-47

Slavic, A.: On the nature and typology of documentary classifications and their use in a networked environment (2007) 0.01

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Date: 22.12.2007 17:22:31

Jacob, E.K.: Proposal for a classification of classifications built on Beghtol's distinction between "Naïve Classification" and "Professional Classification" (2010) 0.01
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Abstract

Argues that Beghtol's (2003) use of the terms "naive classification" and "professional classification" is valid because they are nominal definitions and that the distinction between these two types of classification points up the need for researchers in knowledge organization to broaden their scope beyond traditional classification systems intended for information retrieval. Argues that work by Beghtol (2003), Kwasnik (1999) and Bailey (1994) offer direction for the development of a classification of classifications based on the pragmatic dimensions of extant classification systems. Bezugnahme auf: Beghtol, C.: Naïve classification systems and the global information society. In: Knowledge organization and the global information society: Proceedings of the 8th International ISKO Conference 13-16 July 2004, London, UK. Ed.: I.C. McIlwaine. Würzburg: Ergon Verlag 2004. S.19-22. (Advances in knowledge organization; vol.9)

Howarth, L.C.; Jansen, E.H.: Towards a typology of warrant for 21st century knowledge organization systems (2014) 0.01

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Source: Knowledge organization in the 21st century: between historical patterns and future prospects. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International ISKO Conference 19-22 May 2014, Kraków, Poland. Ed.: Wieslaw Babik

Vukadin, A.; Slavic, A.: Challenges of facet analysis and concept placement in Universal Classifications : the example of architecture in UDC (2014) 0.01

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Source: Knowledge organization in the 21st century: between historical patterns and future prospects. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International ISKO Conference 19-22 May 2014, Kraków, Poland. Ed.: Wieslaw Babik

Gnoli, C.: Classifying phenomena : part 4: themes and rhemes (2018) 0.01

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Date: 17. 2.2018 18:22:25

Molholt, P.: Qualities of classification schemes for the Information Superhighway (1995) 0.01

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Source: Cataloging and classification quarterly. 21(1995) no.2, S.19-22

Beghtol, C.: Naïve classification systems and the global information society (2004) 0.01

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Pages: S.19-22

Dousa, T.M.; Ibekwe-SanJuan, F.: Epistemological and methodological eclecticism in the construction of knowledge organization systems (KOSs) : the case of analytico-synthetic KOSs (2014) 0.01

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Source: Knowledge organization in the 21st century: between historical patterns and future prospects. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International ISKO Conference 19-22 May 2014, Kraków, Poland. Ed.: Wieslaw Babik

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