Search (33 results, page 1 of 2)

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Abstract

Information subject gateways provide targeted discovery services for their users, giving access to Web resources selected according to quality and subject coverage criteria. Information gateways recognise that they must collaborate on a wide range of issues relating to content to ensure continued success. This report is informed by discussion of content activities at the 1999 Imesh Workshop. The author considers the implications for subject based gateways of co-operation regarding coverage policy, creation of metadata, and provision of searching and browsing across services. Other possibilities for co-operation include working more closely with information providers, and diclosure of information in joint metadata registries

Date

22. 6.2002 19:38:54

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Abstract

The success of the World Wide Web Shows that we can access, search, and retrieve information from globally distributed databases. lf a database, such as a library catalog, has some sort of Web-based front end, we can type its URL into a Web browser and use its HTML-based forms to search for items in that database. Depending an how well the query conforms to the database content, how the search engine interprets the query, and how the server formats the results into HTML, we might actually find something usable. While the first two issues depend an ourselves and the server, an the Web the latter falls to the mercy of HTML, which we all know as a great destroyer of information because it codes for display but not for content description. When looking at an HTML-formatted display, we must depend an our own interpretation to recognize such entities as author names, titles, and subject identifiers. The Web browser can do nothing but display the information. lf we want some other view of the result, such as sorting the records by date (provided it offers such an option to begin with), the server must do it. This makes poor use of the computing power we have at the desktop (or even laptop), which, unless it involves retrieving more records, could easily do the result Set manipulation that we currently send back to the server. Despite having personal computers wich immense computational power, as far as information retrieval goes, we still essentially use them as dumb terminals.

Date

22. 9.1997 19:16:05

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Source

Cataloging and classification quarterly. 22(1996) nos.3/4, S.127-141

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Abstract

In this position paper we propose a document-centric middleware component called Living Documents to support context-aware information retrieval in distributed communities. A Living Document acts as a micro server for a document which contains computational services, a semi-structured knowledge repository to uniformly store and access context-related information, and finally the document's digital content. Our initial prototype of Living Documents is based an the concept of mobile agents and implemented in Java and XML.

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Abstract

How to merge and organise query results retrieved from different resources is one of the key issues in distributed information retrieval. Some previous research and experiments suggest that cluster-based document browsing is more effective than a single merged list. Cluster-based retrieval results presentation is based on the cluster hypothesis, which states that documents that cluster together have a similar relevance to a given query. However, while this hypothesis has been demonstrated to hold in classical information retrieval environments, it has never been fully tested in heterogeneous distributed information retrieval environments. Heterogeneous document representations, the presence of document duplicates, and disparate qualities of retrieval results, are major features of an heterogeneous distributed information retrieval environment that might disrupt the effectiveness of the cluster hypothesis. In this paper we report on an experimental investigation into the validity and effectiveness of the cluster hypothesis in highly heterogeneous distributed information retrieval environments. The results show that although clustering is affected by different retrieval results representations and quality, the cluster hypothesis still holds and that generating hierarchical clusters in highly heterogeneous distributed information retrieval environments is still a very effective way of presenting retrieval results to users.

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Abstract

The combination of different text representations and search strategies has become a standard technique for improving the effectiveness of information retrieval. Combination, for example, has been studied extensively in the TREC evaluations and is the basis of the "meta-search" engines used on the Web. This paper examines the development of this technique, including both experimental results and the retrieval models that have been proposed as formal frameworks for combination. We show that combining approaches for information retrieval can be modeled as combining the outputs of multiple classifiers based on one or more representations, and that this simple model can provide explanations for many of the experimental results. We also show that this view of combination is very similar to the inference net model, and that a new approach to retrieval based on language models supports combination and can be integrated with the inference net model

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Abstract

Effective retrieval in a distributed environment is an important but difficult problem. Lack of effectiveness appears to have two major causes. First, existing collection selection algorithms do not work well on heterogeneous collections. Second, relevant documents are scattered over many collections and searching a few collections misses many relevant documents. We propose a topic-oriented approach to distributed retrieval. With this approach, we structure the document set of a distributed retrieval environment around a set of topics. Retrieval for a query involves first selecting the right topics for the query and then dispatching the search process to collections that contain such topics. The content of a topic is characterized by a language model. In environments where the labeling of documents by topics is unavailable, document clustering is employed for topic identification. Based on these ideas, three methods are proposed to suit different environments. We show that all three methods improve effectiveness of distributed retrieval

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Footnote

Rez. in: KO 31(2004) no.2, S.117-118 (D. Campbell): "This excellent volume offers 22 papers delivered at an IFLA Satellite meeting in Dublin Ohio in 2001. The conference gathered together information and computer scientists to discuss an important and difficult question: in what specific ways can the accumulated skills, theories and traditions of librarianship be mobilized to face the challenges of providing subject access to information in present and future networked information environments? The papers which grapple with this question are organized in a surprisingly deft and coherent way. Many conferences and proceedings have unhappy sessions that contain a hodge-podge of papers that didn't quite fit any other categories. As befits a good classificationist, editor I.C. McIlwaine has kept this problem to a minimum. The papers are organized into eight sessions, which split into two broad categories. The first five sessions deal with subject domains, and the last three deal with subject access tools. The five sessions and thirteen papers that discuss access in different domains appear in order of in creasing intension. The first papers deal with access in multilingual environments, followed by papers an access across multiple vocabularies and across sectors, ending up with studies of domain-specific retrieval (primarily education). Some of the papers offer predictably strong work by scholars engaged in ongoing, long-term research. Gerard Riesthuis offers a clear analysis of the complexities of negotiating non-identical thesauri, particularly in cases where hierarchical structure varies across different languages. Hope Olson and Dennis Ward use Olson's familiar and welcome method of using provocative and unconventional theory to generate meliorative approaches to blas in general subject access schemes. Many papers, an the other hand, deal with specific ongoing projects: Renardus, The High Level Thesaurus Project, The Colorado Digitization Project and The Iter Bibliography for medieval and Renaissance material. Most of these papers display a similar structure: an explanation of the theory and purpose of the project, an account of problems encountered in the implementation, and a discussion of the results, both promising and disappointing, thus far. Of these papers, the account of the Multilanguage Access to Subjects Project in Europe (MACS) deserves special mention. In describing how the project is founded an the principle of the equality of languages, with each subject heading language maintained in its own database, and with no single language used as a pivot for the others, Elisabeth Freyre and Max Naudi offer a particularly vivid example of the way the ethics of librarianship translate into pragmatic contexts and concrete procedures. The three sessions and nine papers devoted to subject access tools split into two kinds: papers that discuss the use of theory and research to generate new tools for a networked environment, and those that discuss the transformation of traditional subject access tools in this environment. In the new tool development area, Mary Burke provides a promising example of the bidirectional approach that is so often necessary: in her case study of user-driven classification of photographs, she user personal construct theory to clarify the practice of classification, while at the same time using practice to test the theory. Carol Bean and Rebecca Green offer an intriguing combination of librarianship and computer science, importing frame representation technique from artificial intelligence to standardize syntagmatic relationships to enhance recall and precision.
The papers discussing the transformation of traditional tools locate the point of transformation in different places. Some, like the papers an DDC, LCC and UDC, suggest that these schemes can be imported into the networked environment and used as a basis for improving access to networked resources, just as they improve access to physical resources. While many of these papers are intriguing, I suspect that convincing those outside the profession will be difficult. In particular, Edward O'Neill and his colleagues, while offering a fascinating suggestion for preserving the Library of Congress Subject Headings and their associated infrastructure by converting them into a faceted scheme, will have an uphill battle convincing the unconverted that LCSH has a place in the online networked environment. Two papers deserve mention for taking a different approach: both Francis Devadason and Maria Ines Cordeiro suggest that we import concepts and techniques rather than realized schemes. Devadason argues for the creation of a faceted pre-coordinate indexing scheme for Internet resources based an Deep Structure indexing, which originates in Bhattacharyya's Postulate-Based Permuted Subject Indexing and in Ranganathan's chain indexing techniques. Cordeiro takes up the vitally important role of authority control in Web environments, suggesting that the techniques of authority control be expanded to enhance user flexibility. By focusing her argument an the concepts rather than an the existing tools, and by making useful and important distinctions between library and non-library uses of authority control, Cordeiro suggests that librarianship's contribution to networked access has less to do with its tools and infrastructure, and more to do with concepts that need to be boldly reinvented. The excellence of this collection derives in part from the energy, insight and diversity of the papers. Credit also goes to the planning and forethought that went into the conference itself by OCLC, the IFLA Classification and Indexing Section, the IFLA Information Technology Section, and the Program Committee, headed by editor I.C. McIlwaine. This collection avoids many of the problems of conference proceedings, and instead offers the best of such proceedings: detail, diversity, and judicious mixtures of theory and practice. Some of the disadvantages that plague conference proceedings appear here. Busy scholars sometimes interpret the concept of "camera-ready copy" creatively, offering diagrams that could have used some streamlining, and label boxes that cut off the tops or bottoms of letters. The papers are necessarily short, and many of them raise issues that deserve more extensive treatment. The issue of subject access in networked environments is crying out for further synthesis at the conceptual and theoretical level. But no synthesis can afford to ignore the kind of energetic, imaginative and important work that the papers in these proceedings represent."

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Date

22. 6.2002 19:41:59

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Abstract

OPAC Network in Europe (ONE) is a project aimed at providing users with better ways to access library OPACs and national catalogues and which will stimulate and facilitate internetworking between libraries in Europe. The project is based on SR/Z39.50 standards which enable users to search widely different computer systems across networks and offer end users the promise of greater ease of use through a solution to the proliferation of different user interfaces to library catalogues

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Abstract

This article discusses the emergence of distributed library services drawing on recent European initiatives to describe developments. It focuses on Z39.50-based services. It outlines a descriptive framework for such services and briefly introduces developments in other domains. Projects funded through the EU Telematics Application Programme are highlighted and some recent developments in U.K. higher education are introduced

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Abstract

Describes ONE, OPAC Network in europe, a project supported by the EU Telematics programme and based in Norway. There are 15 partners in the project from 8 European countries, representing different types of institutions, such as national libraries, software houses, museums and universities. The main aim is to create an operational network service for all types of users of libraries in Europe, using the Z39.50 protocol, and to establish Implementors' Agreements for libraries. The project is planned to last for 30 months, and is divided into 5 phases

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Abstract

The State Library of Iowa, USA, received a Higher Education Act title II grant from the US Dept. of Education in 1994 to create a demonstration project of new library information technologies. Describes 2 interlinked components of the project: Web-based union catalogue development and statewide deployment of the ANSI/NISO Z39.50 standard for database search and retrieval. Z39.50 was chosen because of its ability to searching multiple remote databases in a single session and its common interface across a variety of implementations. Use of a distributed Z39.50 search makes the need for maintaining large union catalogues unnecessary

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Abstract

The Nordic SR-net project started in 1991, with the aim to develop communications between university library systems and union catalogues in all five Nordic countries, based on the ISO protocol Search and Retrieve. The plan was to develop totally integrated solutions, where the use interface of the remote systems would be hidden, and users can use their own interfaces from their own home systems

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Abstract

Subject-based retrieval in distributed resources is a current problem in online searches for bibliographic references. Building portals to similar resources is only the ferst step, the subsequent navigation via different search interfaces presents certain difficulties. To make retrieval easier it is necessary to adapt these different resources. Potential approaches (standardisation as opposed to "cross-walks") and methods (automated as opposed to intellectual effort) will be discussed. This includes a Brief appraisal of the future of work with multilingual terminology: - The "classical" approach (Multilingual Thesauri), - The "Internet" approach (linking) Recent developments in mono- and multilingual environments will be presented (MACS, CARMEN, Economics Crosswalk).

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Abstract

This paper proposes the integration of tools to provide unified access to remote and heterogeneous archives, the contents of which can be grouped under the same subject, and which have been integrated to allow the user to navigate and conduct thematic searches. The information sources are locally frequently modified, added to, and removed, therefore attention has been paid to the permanence of their references. Source interoperability is supported at language, protocol and schema levels. The architecture is based on a new common schema of the archives which is defined in new representation and query languages on the basis of an ontology to avoid misunderstanding and ambiguity.

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Abstract

Effective resourcesharing presupposes an infrastructure which permits users to locate materials of interest in both print and electronic formats. 2 approaches for providing this are union catalogues and Z39.50 based distributed search systems and computer to computer information retrieval protocols. The advantages and limitations of each approach are considered, paying particular attention to a relaistic assessment of Z39.50 implementations. Argues that the union catalogue is far from obsolete and the 2 approaches should be considered complementary rather than competitive. Technologies to create links between the bibliographic apparatus of catalogues and abstracting and indexing databases and primary content in electronic form, such as the new Serial Item and Contribution Identifier (SICI) standard are also discussed as key elements in the infrastructure to support resource sharing

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Source

Argus. 26(1997) no.3, S.16-22

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Source

Program. 30(1996) no.1, S.1-22