-
Desai, M.; Spink, A.: ¬A algorithm to cluster documents based on relevance (2005)
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- Abstract
- Search engines fail to make a clear distinction between items of varying relevance when presenting search results to users. Instead, they rely on the user of the system to estimate which items are relevant, partially relevant, or not relevant. The user of the system is given the task of distinguishing between documents that are relevant to different degrees. This process often hinders the accessibility of relevant or partially relevant documents, particularly when the results set is large and documents of varying relevance are scattered throughout the set. In this paper, we present a clustering scheme that groups documents within relevant, partially relevant, and not relevant regions for a given search. A clustering algorithm accomplishes the task of clustering documents based on relevance. The clusters were evaluated by end-users issuing categorical, interval, and descriptive relevance judgments for the documents returned from a search. The degree of overlap between users and the system for each of the clustered regions was measured to determine the overall effectiveness of the algorithm. This research showed that clustering documents on the Web by regions of relevance is highly necessary and quite feasible.
- Source
- Information processing and management. 41(2005) no.5, S.1035-1050
-
Spink, A.; Goodrum, A.: ¬A study of search intermediary working notes : implications for IR system design (1996)
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- Source
- Information processing and management. 32(1996) no.6, S.681-695
-
Spink, A.: Term relevance feedback and mediated database searching : implications for information retrieval practice and systems design (1995)
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- Abstract
- Research into both the algorithmic and human approaches to information retrieval is required to improve information retrieval system design and database searching effectiveness. Uses the human approach to examine the sources and effectiveness of search terms selected during mediated interactive information retrieval. Focuses on determining the retrieval effectiveness of search terms identified by users and intermediaries from retrieved items during term relevance feedback. Results show that termns selected from particular database fields of retrieved items during term relevance feedback (TRF) were more effective than search terms from the intermediarity, database thesauri or users' domain knowledge during the interaction, but not as effective as terms from the users' written question statements. Implications for the design and testing of automatic relevance feedback techniques that place greater emphasis on these sources and the practice of database searching are also discussed
- Source
- Information processing and management. 31(1995) no.2, S.161-171
-
Spink, A.; Park, M.; Jansen, B.J.; Pedersen, J.: Elicitation and use of relevance feedback information (2006)
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- Abstract
- A user's single session with a Web search engine or information retrieval (IR) system may consist of seeking information on single or multiple topics, and switch between tasks or multitasking information behavior. Most Web search sessions consist of two queries of approximately two words. However, some Web search sessions consist of three or more queries. We present findings from two studies. First, a study of two-query search sessions on the AltaVista Web search engine, and second, a study of three or more query search sessions on the AltaVista Web search engine. We examine the degree of multitasking search and information task switching during these two sets of AltaVista Web search sessions. A sample of two-query and three or more query sessions were filtered from AltaVista transaction logs from 2002 and qualitatively analyzed. Sessions ranged in duration from less than a minute to a few hours. Findings include: (1) 81% of two-query sessions included multiple topics, (2) 91.3% of three or more query sessions included multiple topics, (3) there are a broad variety of topics in multitasking search sessions, and (4) three or more query sessions sometimes contained frequent topic changes. Multitasking is found to be a growing element in Web searching. This paper proposes an approach to interactive information retrieval (IR) contextually within a multitasking framework. The implications of our findings for Web design and further research are discussed.
- Source
- Information processing and management. 42(2006) no.1, S.264-275
-
Griesdorf, H.; Spink, A.: Median measure : an approach to IR systems evaluation (2001)
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- Information processing and management. 37(2001) no.6, S.843-857
-
Jansen, B.J.; Spink, A.; Saracevic, T.: Real life, real users and real needs : a study and analysis of users queries on the Web (2000)
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- Information processing and management. 36(2000) no.2, S.207-227
-
Spink, A.; Cole, C.: ¬A multitasking framework for cognitive information retrieval (2005)
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- Abstract
- Information retrieval (IR) research has developed considerably since the 1950's to include consideration of more cognitive, interactive and iterative processes during the interaction between humans and IR or Web systems (Ingwersen, 1992, 1996). Interactive search sessions by humans with IR systems have been depicted as interactive IR models (Saracevic, 1997). Human-IR system interaction is also modeled as taking place within the context of broader human information behavior (HIB) processes (Spink et al., 2002). Research into the human or cognitive (user modeling) aspects of IR is a growing body of research on user interactivity, task performance and measures for observing user interactivity. The task context and situational characteristics of users' searches and evaluation have also been identified as key elements in a user's interaction with an IR system (Cool and Spink, 2002; Vakkari, 2003). Major theorized interactive IR models have been proposed relating to the single search episode, including Ingwersen's (1992,1996) Cognitive Model of IR Interaction, Belkin et al.'s (1995) Episodic Interaction Model, and Saracevic's (1996,1997) Stratified Model of IR Interaction. In this chapter we examine Saracevic's Stratified Model of IR Interaction and extend the model within the framework of cognitive IR (CIR) to depict CIR as a multitasking process. This chapter provides a new direction for CIR research by conceptualizing IR with a multitasking context. The next section of the chapter defines the concept of multitasking in the cognitive sciences and Section 3 discusses the emerging understanding of multitasking information behavior. In Section 4, cognitive IR is depicted within a multitasking framework using Saracevic's (1996, 1997) Stratified Model of IR Interaction. In Section 5, we link information searching and seeking models together, via Saracevic's Stratified Model of IR Interaction, but starting with a unitask model of HIB. We begin to model multitasking in cognitive IR in Section 6. In Sections 7 and 8, we increase the complexity of our developing multitasking model of cognitive IR by adding coordinating mechanisms, including feedback loops. Finally, in Section 9, we conclude the chapter and indicate future directions for further research.
- Date
- 19. 1.2007 12:55:22
-
Spink, A.; Goodrum, A.; Robins, D.: Elicitation behavior during mediated information retrieval (1998)
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- Source
- Information processing and management. 34(1998) nos.2/3, S.257-273
-
Ozmutlu, S.; Spink, A.; Ozmutlu, H.C.: ¬A day in the life of Web searching : an exploratory study (2004)
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- Information processing and management. 40(2004) no.2, S.319-345
-
Ozmutlu, S.; Spink, A.; Ozmutlu, H.C.: Multimedia Web searching trends : 1997-2001 (2003)
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- Information processing and management. 39(2003) no.4, S.611-621
-
Cool, C.; Spink, A.: Issues of context in information retrieval (IR) : an introduction to the special issue (2002)
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- Information processing and management. 38(2002) no.5, S.605-611
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Spink, A.; Park, M.; Koshman, S.: Factors affecting assigned information problem ordering during Web search : an exploratory study (2006)
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- Information processing and management. 42(2006) no.5, S.1366-1378
-
Tjondronegoro, D.; Spink, A.: Web search engine multimedia functionality (2008)
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- Information processing and management. 44(2008) no.1, S.340-357
-
Jansen, B.J.; Booth, D.L.; Spink, A.: Determining the informational, navigational, and transactional intent of Web queries (2008)
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- Information processing and management. 44(2008) no.3, S.1251-1266
-
Spink, A.; Cole, C.: New directions in cognitive information retrieval : conclusion and further research (2005)
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- Abstract
- New Directions in Cognitive Information Retrieval (IR) gathers user or cognitive approaches to IR research into one volume. The group of researchers focus on a middleground perspective between system and user. They ask the question: What is the nexus between the wider context of why and how humans behave when seeking information and the technological and other constraints that determine the interaction between user and machine? These researchers' concern for the application of user/cognitive-oriented research to IR system design thus serves as a meeting ground linking computer scientists with their largely system performance concerns and the social science research that examines human information behavior in the wider context of how human perception and cognitive mechanisms function, and the work and social frameworks in which we live. The researchers in this volume provide an in-depth revaluation of the concepts that form the basis of current IR retrieval system design. Current IR systems are in a certain sense based on design conceptualizations that view - the user's role in the user-system interaction as an input and monitoring mechanism for system performance; - the system's role in the user-system interaction as a data acquisition system, not an information retrieval system; and - the central issue in the user-system interaction as the efficacy of the system's matching algorithms, matching the user request statement to representations of the document set contained in the system's database. But the era of matching-focused approaches to interactive IR appears to be giving way to a concern for developing interactive systems to facilitate collaboration between users in the performance of their work and social tasks. There is room for cognitive approaches to interaction to break in here.
-
Spink, A.; Ozmultu, H.C.: Characteristics of question format web queries : an exploratory study (2002)
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- Information processing and management. 38(2002) no.4, S.453-471
-
Jansen, B.J.; Spink, A.: How are we searching the World Wide Web? : A comparison of nine search engine transaction logs (2006)
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- Information processing and management. 42(2006) no.1, S.248-263
-
Jansen, B.J.; Spink, A.: ¬An analysis of Web searching by European Allthe Web.com users (2005)
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- Information processing and management. 41(2005) no.2, S.361-382
-
Spink, A.; Jansen, B.J.; Blakely, C.; Koshman, S.: ¬A study of results overlap and uniqueness among major Web search engines (2006)
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- Source
- Information processing and management. 42(2006) no.5, S.1379-1391
-
Spink, A.: Information behavior : an evolutionary instinct (2010)
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- Series
- Information science and knowledge management ; 6159
