Search (24 results, page 1 of 2)

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Abstract

The increasing volume of information in the contemporary world entails demand for efficient knowledge management (KM) systems; a logical method of information organization that will allow proper semantic querying to identify things that match meaning in natural language. On this concept, the role of an information manager goes beyond implementing a search and clustering system, to the ability to map and logically present the subject domain and related cross domains. From Knowledge Abstraction to Management answers this need by analysing ontology tools and techniques, helping the reader develop

LCSH

Knowledge management

Subject

Knowledge management

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Abstract

Human beings are information omnivores: we are constantly collecting, labeling, and organizing data. But today, the shift from the physical to the digital is mixing, burning, and ripping our lives apart. In the past, everything had its one place--the physical world demanded it--but now everything has its places: multiple categories, multiple shelves. Simply put, everything is suddenly miscellaneous. In Everything Is Miscellaneous, David Weinberger charts the new principles of digital order that are remaking business, education, politics, science, and culture. In his rollicking tour of the rise of the miscellaneous, he examines why the Dewey decimal system is stretched to the breaking point, how Rand McNally decides what information not to include in a physical map (and why Google Earth is winning that battle), how Staples stores emulate online shopping to increase sales, why your children's teachers will stop having them memorize facts, and how the shift to digital music stands as the model for the future in virtually every industry. Finally, he shows how by "going miscellaneous," anyone can reap rewards from the deluge of information in modern work and life. From A to Z, Everything Is Miscellaneous will completely reshape the way you think--and what you know--about the world.

Footnote

Rez. in: Publishers Weekly. May 2007: "In a high-minded twist on the Internet-has-changed-everything book, Weinberger (Small Pieces Loosely Joined) joins the ranks of social thinkers striving to construct new theories around the success of Google and Wikipedia. Organization or, rather, lack of it, is the key: the author insists that "we have to get rid of the idea that there's a best way of organizing the world." Building on his earlier works' discussions of the Internet-driven shift in power to users and consumers, Weinberger notes that "our homespun ways of maintaining order are going to break-they're already breaking-in the digital world." Today's avalanche of fresh information, Weinberger writes, requires relinquishing control of how we organize pretty much everything; he envisions an ever-changing array of "useful, powerful and beautiful ways to make sense of our world." Perhaps carried away by his thesis, the author gets into extended riffs on topics like the history of classification and the Dewey Decimal System. At the point where readers may want to turn his musings into strategies for living or doing business, he serves up intriguing but not exactly helpful epigrams about "the third order of order" and "useful miscellaneousness." But the book's call to embrace complexity will influence thinking about "the newly miscellanized world.""

LCSH

Knowledge management
Information technology / Management
Personal information management
Information resources management

Subject

Knowledge management
Information technology / Management
Personal information management
Information resources management

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Classification

658.4/038 22

Date

22. 3.2009 18:43:51

DDC

658.4/038 22

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 60(2006) no.3, S.642 (A.E. Prentice): "What is knowledge management (KM)? How do we define it? How do we use it and what are the benefits? KM is still an operational discipline that has yet to have an academic foundation. Its core has yet to solidify and concepts and practices remain fluid, making it difficult to discuss or even to identify the range of relevant elements. Being aware of this lack of a well-structured retrievable disciplinary literature, the editors made a practice of attending trade shows and conferences attended by KM professionals to look for presentations that would in some way expand knowledge of the field. They asked presenters to turn their paper into a book chapter, which is the major source of the material in this book. Although this is a somewhat chancy method of identifying authors and topics, several of the papers are excellent and a number add to an understanding of KM. Because of the fluidity of the area of study, the editors devised a three-dimensional topic expansion approach to the content so that the reader can follow themes in the papers that would not have been easy to do if one relied solely on the table of contents. The table of contents organizes the presentations into eight subject sections, each section with a foreword that introduces the topic and indicates briefly the contribution of each chapter to the overall section title. Following this, the Roadmap lists 18 topics or themes that appear in the book and relevant chapters where information on the theme can be found. Readers have the choice of following themes using the roadmap or of reading the book section by section. ..."

LCSH

Knowledge management

Subject

Knowledge management

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Abstract

One out of two companies have increased their productivity or saved costs with knowledge management. This is a result from a comprehensive cross-industry survey in Europe about knowledge management run by the Competence Center Knowledge Management at Fraunhofer IPK, Germany. Best practices in knowledge management from leading companies are described for practitioners in different industries. The book shows how to integrate knowledge management activities into the daily business tasks and processes, how to motivate people and which capabilities and skills are required for knowledge management. The book concludes with an overview of the leading knowledge management projects in several European countries.

LCSH

Knowledge management
Knowledge management / Europe / Case studies

Subject

Knowledge management
Knowledge management / Europe / Case studies

Theme

Information Resources Management

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Abstract

This text provides a comprehensive introduction to the new field of knowledge management. It approaches the subject from a management rather than a highly technical point of view, and provides students with a state-of-the-art survey of KM and its implementation in diverse organizations. The text covers the nature of knowledge (tacit and explicit), the origins and units of organizational knowledge, and the evolution of knowledge management in contemporary society. It explores the implementation and utilization of knowledge management systems, and how to measure their impact, outputs, and benefits. The book includes a variety of original case studies that illustrate specific situations in which the absence or existence of knowledge management systems has been crucial to the organization's actions. Charts and figures throughout help clarify more complex phenomena and classifications, and each chapter includes review questions and a comprehensive index.

LCSH

Knowledge management
Knowledge management / Case studies
Management information systems
Management information systems / Case studies

RSWK

Knowledge management (BVB)
Management information systems (BVB)

Subject

Knowledge management (BVB)
Management information systems (BVB)
Knowledge management
Knowledge management / Case studies
Management information systems
Management information systems / Case studies

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Abstract

Summary Taxonomies are often thought to play a niche role within content-oriented knowledge management projects. They are thought to be 'nice to have' but not essential. In this groundbreaking book, Patrick Lambe shows how they play an integral role in helping organizations coordinate and communicate effectively. Through a series of case studies, he demonstrates the range of ways in which taxonomies can help organizations to leverage and articulate their knowledge. A step-by-step guide in the book to running a taxonomy project is full of practical advice for knowledge managers and business owners alike. Key Features Written in a clear, accessible style, demystifying the jargon surrounding taxonomies Case studies give real world examples of taxonomies in use Step-by-step guides take the reader through the key stages in a taxonomy project Decision-making frameworks and example questionnaires Clear description of how taxonomies relate to technology applications The Author Patrick Lambe is a widely respected knowledge management consultant based in Singapore. His Master's degree from University College London is in Information Studies and Librarianship, and he has worked as a professional librarian, as a trainer and instructional designer, and as a business manager in operational and strategic roles. He has been active in the field of knowledge management and e-learning since 1998, and in 2002 founded his own consulting and research firm, Straits Knowledge, with a partner. He is former President of the Information and Knowledge Society, and is Adjunct Professor at Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Patrick speaks and writes internationally on knowledge management. Readership This book is written primarily for knowledge managers and key stakeholders in knowledge management projects. However, it is also useful to all information professionals who wish to understand the role of taxonomies in a corporate setting. It may be used as a teaching text for postgraduate students in Information Studies, Library Science, and Knowledge Management, as well as at MBA level. Contents Part One: Dealing with Babel - the problem of coordination; why taxonomies are important; definitions; taxonomy as a common language; taxonomies express what is important; socially constructed; the business case for taxonomies; taxonomies in KM, collaboration, expertise management and information management; taxonomies, typologies and sensemaking Part Two: Fixing the foundations: planning your taxonomy project - understanding your context; identifying and engaging stakeholders; defining your purpose; planning your approach; communicating and setting expectations; managing myths; how NOT to do a taxonomy project; a taxonomy as a standard; digital information, hierarchies and facets Part Three: Building the floors: implementing your taxonomy project - Implicit taxonomies; evidence gathering; analysis or sensemaking; validation principles and techniques; change management and learning; taxonomy sustainability and governance; taxonomies and technology; measuring success Part Four: Looking skywards: the future of taxonomies - complexity and sensemaking; taxonomies as sensemaking frameworks and patterns; taxonomies and serendipity; taxonomies and ambiguity; anti-taxonomy and folksonomies; taxonomies, ignorance and power; taxonomies and organisational renewal

COMPASS

Knowledge management

Footnote

Rez. in: KO 34(2007) no.4, S.266-267 (E. Quintarelli): "The knowledge and information world we live in can rarely be described from a single coherent and predictable point of view. In the global economy and mass society, an explosion of knowledge sources, different paradigms and information-seeking behaviors, fruition contexts and access devices are overloading our existence with an incredible amount of signals and stimulations, all competing for our limited attention. Taxonomies are often cited as tools to cope with, organize and make sense of this complex and ambiguous environment. Leveraging an extensive review of literature from a variety of disciplines, as well as a wide range of relevant real-life case studies, Organising Knowledge by Patrick Lambe has the great merit of liberating taxonomies from their recurring obscure and limitative definition, making them living, evolving and working tools to manage knowledge within organizations. Primarily written for knowledge and information managers, this book can help a much larger audience of practitioners and students who wish to design, develop and maintain taxonomies for large-scale coordination and organizational effectiveness both within and across societies. Patrick Lambe opens ours eyes to the fact that, far from being just a synonym for pure hierarchical trees to improve navigation, find-ability and information retrieval, taxonomies take multiple forms (from lists, to trees, facets and system maps) and play different roles, ranging from basic information organization to more subtle tasks, such as establishing common ground, overcoming boundaries, discovering new opportunities and helping in sense-making.
Over the course of the book, a number of misconceptions haunting taxonomy work are addressed and carefully dispelled. 'taxonomy development is often thought to be an abstract task of analyzing and classifying entities, performed in complete isolation. On the contrary, taxonomies are to a large extent products of users' perceptions and worldviews, strongly influenced by the pre-existing information infrastructure. They can also be dangerous tools having the potential to reveal and clarify but also to exclude and conceal critical details that can have a large impact on basic business activities such as managing risk, controlling costs, understanding customers and supporting innovation. If the first part of the hook introduces concepts, provides definitions and challenges wrong assumptions about taxonomies and the work of taxonomy-building, the second one takes us step-by-step through a typical project. From here on, insights become part of practicable frameworks that form the basis of a concrete information-management strategy and process so flexible so as to be used in very different organizational environments and scenarios. Starting from the definition of stakeholders, purpose and scope and ending with deployment, validation and governance, a taxonomy-building project is realistically presented as an iterative and fascinating journey over competing needs, changing goals, mixed cues and technical and cognitive constraints. Beyond introducing fundamental guiding principles and addressing relevant implementation challenges, Organising Knowledge provides a large dose of political and pragmatic advice to make your efforts useful in contributing to the overall knowledge and information infrastructure. Taxonomies, much like architect's blueprints, only represent theory until they are implemented in practice involving real people and real content. As Lambe explains, this step requires crossing over to the other side of the barricade, wearing the user's shoes and constructing an information neighborhood, designing and populating a metadata framework, solving usability issues and successfully dealing with records management and information architecture concerns.
While each single paragraph of the book is packed with valuable advice and real-life experience, I consider the last chapter to be the most intriguing and ground-breaking one. It's only here that taxonomists meet folksonomists and ontologists in a fundamental attempt to write a new page on the relative position between old and emerging classification techniques. In a well-balanced and sober analysis that foregoes excessive enthusiasm in favor of more appropriate considerations about content scale, domain maturity, precision and cost, knowledge infrastructure tools are all arrayed from inexpensive and expressive folksonomies on one side, to the smart, formal, machine-readable but expensive world of ontologies on the other. In light of so many different tools, information infrastructure clearly appears more as a complex dynamic ecosystem than a static overly designed environment. Such a variety of tasks, perspectives, work activities and paradigms calls for a resilient, adaptive and flexible knowledge environment with a minimum of standardization and uniformity. The right mix of tools and approaches can only be determined case by case, by carefully considering the particular objectives and requirements of the organization while aiming to maximize its overall performance and effectiveness. Starting from the history of taxonomy-building and ending with the emerging trends in Web technologies, artificial intelligence and social computing, Organising Knowledge is thus both a guiding tool and inspirational reading, not only about taxonomies, but also about effectiveness, collaboration and finding middle ground: exactly the right principles to make your intranet, portal or document management tool a rich, evolving and long-lasting ecosystem."

LCSH

Knowledge management

Series

Chandos knowledge management series

Subject

Knowledge management
Knowledge management

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Date

22. 5.2007 10:37:38

LCSH

Knowledge management

Subject

Knowledge management

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LCSH

Knowledge management

Subject

Knowledge management

Theme

Information Resources Management

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Abstract

This book focuses on the role of special libraries as knowledge management centres in their organisations. It describes the work of a special library and the special library draws on the characteristics that make the nucleus of collecting and organising knowledge which is used for the benefit of the institution. By acquiring and sharing knowledge, staff will enhance the intellectual capital of the institution. Traditionally libraries are the information centres that organise and classify information. Further on they are the proper places to create human networks and to organise the knowledge

LCSH

Knowledge management

RSWK

Wirtschaft / Management

Subject

Wirtschaft / Management
Knowledge management

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Abstract

Das Internet, elektronische Medien und intelligente Wissenssysteme haben unseren Umgang mit Wissen grundlegend verändert - und mit ihm unsere traditionellen Begriffe von Wissen und Rationalität. Wolfgang Neuser, Philosophieprofessor an der TU Kaiserslautern, stellt in seiner begriffstheoretischen Untersuchung einen Wissensbegriff vor, der einen neuen Schlüssel zum Verständnis ideengeschichtlicher Epochen, kultureller Traditionen und Konflikte in traditionellen und nichttraditionellen Entwicklungsphasen einer Gesellschaft liefert: Wissen ist ein sich selbst organisierendes und stabilisierendes System, in dem der Mensch seine Mittelpunktstellung als denkendes Subjekt verloren hat: Was von den menschlichen Akteuren bleibt, ist das Individuum, das sein individuelles Wissen aus der Interaktion mit Allgemeinwissen bezieht.

Footnote

Rez. in: iwp 64(2013) H.4, S.232-233 (W. Löw): "Der verdienstvolle Vorsatz Neusers durch begriffstheoretische Untersuchung einen Wissensbegriff zu entwickeln, der einen neuen Schlüssel zum Verständnis ideengeschichtlicher Epochen und kultureller Traditionen bietet, erreicht mich leider nicht. Ich kann auch nur soweit folgen, dass Wissen ein sich selbst organisierendes und stabilisierendes System ist. Dass aber der Mensch seine Mittelpunktstellung als denkendes Subjekt verloren hat, darf bestritten werden (auch wenn manche Alltagserfahrung dem Autor und nicht mir Recht gibt). Oder will der Autor dem alten, ironisch gemeinten Buchtitel von Weizenbaum "Die Macht der Computer und die Ohnmacht der Vernunft" (dt. Suhrkamp, 1978) doch weiter zum Durchbruch verhelfen? Immerhin sagt Neuser, was von den menschlichen Akteuren bleibe, sei das Individuum, welches sein individuelles Wissen aus der Interaktion mit Allgemeinwissen bezieht. Diesbezüglich hat Weizenbaum einmal zu mir gesagt, dass das Beste das eigene Denken ist. Vielleicht ein Rat für eine Nachauflage, den außerordentlich interdisziplinär denkenden Joseph Weizenbaum in die ansonsten beachtliche Bibliographie mit aufzunehmen. Sie wird auch ein Grund dafür sein, dass das Buch einen Platz in meinem Bücherschrank finden wird." 2017 in einer 2. Aufl. erschienen.

LCSH

Knowledge management

Subject

Knowledge management

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Abstract

The Fraunhofer Competence Center Knowledge Management presents in this second edition its up-dated and extended research results an business-process oriented knowledge management, pro-active change management, KM strategy, knowledge structuring and KM audit, reviews the latest advancements in measuring intellectual capital and classifies more than 100 KM tools. Best Practices in KM are described by the Swiss Benchmarking Center TECTEM at University St. Gallen and in case studies from pricewinning companies like Aventis and Siemens as well as from Arthur D. Little, British Aerospate plc., Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Phonak and Roche. New survey results an KM from EFQM, OECD and an "The Future of Knowledge Management" are presented. The book concludes with an overview an research funded by the European Commission in order to make "KM Made in Europe" a reality.

LCSH

Knowledge management
Knowledge management / Europe / Case studies

Subject

Knowledge management
Knowledge management / Europe / Case studies

Theme

Information Resources Management

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Abstract

Looking at knowledge as a shared resource: experts discuss how to define, protect, and build the knowledge commons in the digital age. Knowledge in digital form offers unprecedented access to information through the Internet but, at the same time, is subject to ever-greater restrictions through intellectual property legislation, overpatenting, licensing, overpricing, and lack of preservation. Looking at knowledge as a commons - as a shared resource - allows us to understand both its limitless possibilities and what threatens it. In "Understanding Knowledge as a Commons", experts from a range of disciplines discuss the knowledge commons in the digital era - how to conceptualize it, protect it, and build it. Contributors consider the concept of the commons historically and offer an analytical framework for understanding knowledge as a shared social-ecological system. They look at ways to guard against enclosure of the knowledge commons, considering, among other topics, the role of research libraries, the advantages of making scholarly material available outside the academy, and the problem of disappearing Web pages. They discuss the role of intellectual property in a new knowledge commons, the open access movement (including possible funding models for scholarly publications), the development of associational commons, the application of a free/open source framework to scientific knowledge, and the effect on scholarly communication of collaborative communities within academia, and offer a case study of EconPort, an open access, open source digital library for students and researchers in microeconomics. The essays clarify critical issues that arise within these new types of commons - and offer guideposts for future theory and practice.

LCSH

Knowledge management

Subject

Knowledge management

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Abstract

There are a myriad of books that have been published on knowledge management. However, very few of these books give the practical know-how of what truly is needed in the information professional/manager's mind, such as: how to make the decision whether knowledge management is right for you; how to explain the pros and cons of the various knowledge management alternatives/solutions; how to determine which knowledge management solution, if any, is the best fit with your organizational culture; how to explain the way to show the expected value-added benefits of using knowledge management; and how to discuss lessons learned in applying knowledge management (i.e. how others have utilized KM techniques for enhanced decision making). This applied and concise guide - based on the author's many years of experience - addresses these areas and includes helpful tools developed by the author, such as knowledge audit instruments, knowledge access and sharing surveys, and techniques for determining knowledge management success.

Content

The management fad of the day -- Gaining the knowledge behind knowledge management -- KM in the life of an information and library professional -- Is KM right for you? -- Content, document, expertise, and knowledge management -- Lessons learned about knowledge management -- Showing value from knowledge management -- The future of knowledge management.

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.12, S.1909-1910 (Andrea Japzon): "Jay Liebowitz has written extensively on expert systems, knowledge management (KM), and information systems, as evidenced by the publication of almost 30 books and more than 200 articles on the subjects. What They Didn't Tell You about Knowledge Management offers a concise practical guide specifically for the LIS professional. The hook is best suited to those LIS professionals who arc currently involved with a KM initiative, are interested in pursuing a career in KM, or are working in corporate or government libraries. The hook is concise with only 84 pages of text and another 20 pages of appendices. This work provides only the briefest of overviews on KM, making it a starting point for the uninitiated. For richer descriptions and greater development of KM concepts and practices, The Knowledge Management Yearbook (Cortada & Woods, 2000) or Liebowitz's Knowledge Management Handbook (1999) should be consulted. The hook is filled with charts, bulleted lists, and excerpts from other publications meant to quickly guide the reader through the knowledge-management landscape. These examples are from KM in practice and provide the reader with a sense of how KM manifests itself in the workplace. While the examples are the strength of the book, Liebowitz does not explain or describe them in enough detail to integrate them into the work as a whole. However, the references that accompany each chapter are well chosen and provide the reader with the opportunity to explore in greater detail any of the concepts or practices presented.
The concluding chapter addresses the future of KM. Liebowitz asserts that knowledge management will not become a discipline in its own right but that its practices will continue to integrate with other fields such as organizational learning and computer science. He envisions LIS professionals as brokers making connections between the people of an organization and the knowledge it creates, with the library or information center as the middle ground between codification and personalization. In that vision, he sees a role for LIS professionals in pushing information to employees rather than taking the more traditional role of reacting to information requests. He sees a future in which LIS professionals take leadership roles in KM programs through the integration of their technological, organizational, and human interaction skills. He is hopeful that in time libraries will take ownership of KM programs within organizations. His statement, "The library has always been a treasure house of information, and it needs to continue to expand into the knowledge chest as well" (p. 33) expresses Liehowitz's charge to corporate and government LIS professionals. The ideas presented in What They Didn't Tell You about Knowledge Management are certainly in support of that charge.' This work provides a broad overview of the KM field and serves as an initial source for exploration for LIS professionals working in a corporate setting or considering doing so."

LCSH

Knowledge management

Subject

Knowledge management

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Abstract

Information Markets is a compendium of the i-commerce, the commerce with digital information, content as well as software. Information Markets is a comprehensive overview of the state of the art of economic and information science endeavors on the markets of digital information. It provides a strategic guideline for information providers how to analyse their market environment and how to develop possible strategic actions. It is a book for information professionals, both for students of LIS (Library and Information Science), CIS (Computer and Information Science) or Information Management curricula and for practitioners as well as managers in these fields.

LCSH

Information technology / Management
Knowledge management

Subject

Information technology / Management
Knowledge management

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Abstract

Knowledge management is crucial to organizational learning, innovation and success within organizations. The Second Edition of the successful knowledge management reader provides a core source of key theoretical thinkers in the field and presents the most up-to-date leading-edge articles that explore emerging trends. A comprehensive introduction places these readings in context and draws together key strands across the field. The new reader includes new and revised chapters as well as newly authored material, to provide students with a current resource that enables the study of knowledge management from a variety of perspectives. Theoretical work and engaging case studies place knowledge management in the context of an emerging global economy. This essential course Reader offers a critical overview of underlying theory as well as a range of relevant examples from a global perspective. It will be essential reading on knowledge.

Content

Enthält die Kapitel: Making Sense of Managing Knowledge (Tim Ray) - SECI, Ba and Leadership: A Unified Model of Dynamic Knowledge Creation (I. Nonaka, R. Toyama and N. Konno) - Bridging Epistemologies: The Generative Dance between Organizational Knowledge and Organizational Knowing (S.D.N. Cook and J.S. Brown) - What is Organizational Knowledge? (Haridimos Tsoukas and Efi Vladimirou) - Do We Really Understand Tacit Knowledge? (Haridimos Tsoukas) - An Overview: What's New and Important about Knowledge Management? Building New Bridges between Managers and Academics (J.-C. Spender) - Deep Smarts (Dorothy Leonard and Walter Swap) - Organizational and Occupational Commitment: Knowledge Workers in Large Corporations (May Yeuk-Mui Tam, Marek Korczynski and Stephen J. Frenkel) - Human Resource Policies for Knowledge Work (John Storey) - Knowledge Management Initiatives: Learning from Failure (John Storey and Elizabeth Barnett) - IC Valuation and Measurement: Classifying the State of the Art (Daniel Andriessen) - Managing Knowledge and Innovation Across Boundaries (Paul Quintas) - The Human Resource Architecture: Toward a Theory of Human Capital Allocation and Development (David P. Lepak and Scott A. Snell) - HR's Role in Building Relationship Networks Mark (L. Lengnick-Hall and Cynthia A. Lengnick-Hall) - Tacit Knowing, Communication and Power: Lessons from Japan? (Tim Ray and Stewart Clegg)

LCSH

Knowledge management

Subject

Knowledge management

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LCSH

Knowledge management
Information technology / Management
Personal information management
Information resources management

Subject

Knowledge management
Information technology / Management
Personal information management
Information resources management

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Abstract

A new, thoroughly updated edition of a comprehensive overview of knowledge management (KM), covering theoretical foundations, the KM process, tools, and professions. The ability to manage knowledge has become increasingly important in today's knowledge economy. Knowledge is considered a valuable commodity, embedded in products and in the tacit knowledge of highly mobile individual employees. Knowledge management (KM) represents a deliberate and systematic approach to cultivating and sharing an organization's knowledge base. This textbook and professional reference offers a comprehensive overview of the field. Drawing on ideas, tools, and techniques from such disciplines as sociology, cognitive science, organizational behavior, and information science, it describes KM theory and practice at the individual, community, and organizational levels. Chapters cover such topics as tacit and explicit knowledge, theoretical modeling of KM, the KM cycle from knowledge capture to knowledge use, KM tools, KM assessment, and KM professionals.

LCSH

Knowledge management

Subject

Knowledge management

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LCSH

Knowledge management

Subject

Knowledge management

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LCSH

Information technology / Management
Knowledge management
Database management

Subject

Information technology / Management
Knowledge management
Database management

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LCSH

Knowledge management

Series

Information science and knowledge management ; v.4

Subject

Knowledge management