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Abstract

Information management (IM) has exploded in importance in recent years and yet until now there has been no Reader to introduce students to the subject. This comprehensive international collection introduces you to the core topics and methodologies used in teaching IM, namely: information behaviour; environmental scanning and decision making; knowledge management; and information strategy. These peer-reviewed papers represent an elite selection from the respected "Information Research" journal, each carefully updated to take into account recent developments. This book is an essential introduction to IM for all students on courses in library and information science, IM, information systems, business information technology, business management, computer science and information technology; as well as for practitioners working in a wide range of organizations providing information services.

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.4, S.607-608 (A.D. Petrou): "One small example of a tension in the book's chapters can be expressed as: What exactly falls under information management (IM) as a domain of study? Is it content and research about a traditional life cycle of information, or is it the latter and also any other important issue in information research, such as culture, virtual reality, and online behavior, and communities of practice? In chapter 13, T.D. Wilson states, "Information management is the management of the life cycle to the point of delivery to the information user" (p. 164), yet as he also recognizes, other aspects of information are now included as IM's study matter. On p. 163 of the same chapter, Wilson offers Figure 12.2, titled "The extended life cycle of information." The life cycle in this case includes the following information stages: acquisition, organization, storage, retrieval, access and lending, and dissemination. All of these six stages Wilson labels, inside the circle, as IM. The rest of the extended information life cycle is information use, which includes use, sharing, and application. Chapter 3's author, Gunilla Widen-Wulff, quoting Davenport (1994), states "effective IM is about helping people make effective use of the information, rather than the machines" (p. 31). Widen-Wulff, however, addresses IM from an information culture perspective. To review the book's critical content, IM definitions and research methodology and methods reported in chapters are critically summarized next. This will provide basic information for anyone interested in using the book as an information research reader.
The chapter by Wilson and Maceviciûtè should have been the first in the book, as it offers an informative, clearly laid out, research-based picture for IM. The chapter offers IM definitions, as mentioned earlier, and also covers a couple of major studies concerned with mapping diversity of content and topics studied in the IM field. RefViz, a visualization tool and an addition to EndNote, was used to map 462 articles published between 1999 and 2004 that had the term information management in their title. Figure 2.1 (Visualization of the IM literature), presents the map's 18 groups or clusters of documents. Two studies by Wilson also are presented. A study completed in 2004 covered the years 2000 to 2004 and reviewed five journals with articles about information activities. The 2004 study analyzed 190 articles from 383 authors. Wilson developed a number of categories about information activities as part of the 2000 and 2004 studies that indicate the scope of the articles analyzed and IM's diversity of subject matter. The remainder of the chapter presents comparative data between the 2000 and 2004 research studies. Joyce Kirk provides a hierarchy of five IM definitions. "IM as IT systems" and "information resource management" are two of these definitions. While it is difficult to clearly recognize any of the hierarchy statements as a definition for IM, what can be had from this hierarchy is the realization, as cviu te' and Wilson state in chapter 2, that IM "is used as an abbreviation for the management of IT, information systems management, management information systems, etc." (p. 20). Perhaps, the critical usefulness of the chapter resides not so much in that it offers any ready to apply definitions for IM but rather in that it provides an overall review about information. The latter can be helpful for a book intended as an information research reader and as an introduction to IM. WidenWulff examined 15 Finnish insurance businesses and developed scales for the measurement of open and closed organizations, and also presented learning organization attributes in different information environments. A 1999 study by Aiki Tibar about critical success factors (CSF) and information needs of successful Estonian companies is the centerpiece of the chapter. The study's findings are presented in relation to previous and more recent research on CSF. The study's methodology was qualitative in nature, involving semistructured interviews with managers and engineers from 25 of the most successful companies in Estonia; these companies were selected in a contest in 1998 as being included in the top 50 most successful companies. In terms of findings, IM was a CFS that was mentioned the most frequently.
Chun Wei Choo focused on environmental analyzability and organizational intrusiveness in an effort to theorize and to highlight intricacies in scanning as managers attempt to deal with uncertainty and complexity in their environment. Correia and Wilson used a case-study approach to examine managerial scanning in 19 companies; 47 semistructured interviews were performed in an effort to develop a grounded theory of scanning. Because of the grounded theory approach, the authors did not use statistical sampling but rather utilized principles of maximum variation sampling and theoretical sampling. Categories and relationships that emerged from the grounded theory approach were utilized to build a model of the environmental process. Judith Broady-Preston presents an interesting discussion on balanced scorecard as a way to keep track of successful strategies and their impact on various areas of organizational performance, including finances, innovation and learning, and customer perceptions. Yet, although there have been three efforts to clarify the purpose of a balanced scorecard, the concept remains unclear, along with a role that information professionals can play in its successful application in organizations. France Bouthillier and Kathleen Shearer set review case studies of five private and five public organizations to bring out elements, practices, and benefits associated with knowledge management (KM). As stated by the authors: "generally speaking, IM involves the integration of a variety of activities designed to manage information and information resources throughout their life cycle" (p. 150). The authors say that the focus of KM initiatives, as opposed to the focus in IM initiatives, tends to be on "knowledge-sharing methodologies such as communities of practice, virtual collaboration and expert databases" (p. 150). In the chapter "The Nonsense of Knowledge Management" revisited by Wilson, he states that communities of practice are at the heart of methodologies for KM. And natural arenas for KM and communities of practice are various disciplines in education and departments in the medical field because of the collaborative spirit in these two fields. But, he also repeats his criticisms that beyond these arenas, there is no such thing as KM in business where competition is the norm rather than collaboration. He emphasizes that a common problem in the KM community is the treatment of knowledge as a thing or a commodity, when in reality, knowledge is a complex and dynamic process. The chapter also provides additional evidence from analysis of various publications that show KM as a fragmented field and as a business fad, according to Wilson.
Allen strikes a realistic note of the institutional importance of trust across teams of academics and administrators, and subsequently of the political behavior of academics and computer services administrators/ managers and the relation of the latter to information strategy formulation. Research was conducted at 12 university sites, information strategy process documents were analyzed, and 20 informants were interviewed at each site. The study's research focused on cross-case analysis (instead of an iterative approach to collection and analysis of data), research was longitudinal, and a grounded theory approach was employed. According to the author, findings confirm a similar position taken by Pettigrew (1977): "development of information strategy is the outcome of negotiated political relations" (p. 177). And for such negotiated political relations, the author concludes, trust is a necessary ingredient. It is important to reiterate that IM's scope requires a diversity of study methods and methodologies to address all issues involved. A multiplicity of information and IM definitions and the number of local and global issues that must be addressed, along with information's significance as resource and/or commodity in different types of organizations, necessitate diversity in information research. Each chapter has demonstrated a need to cover many aspects of IM and to ensure that there is as much clarity in that effort as possible, and yet differentiation of IM from other related fields such as KM clearly remains a top issue. As with any other effort to define a field's boundaries, the task at hand is not easy, but while definitions and boundaries are being worked out, there is always an opportunity to engage in fruitful discussions about scope and critical issues in information research."

LCSH

Information retrieval

Subject

Information retrieval

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Abstract

Das wachsende Informationsvolumen im WWW führt paradoxerweise zu einer immer schwierigeren Nutzung, das Finden und Verknüpfen von Informationen in einem unstrukturierten Umfeld wird zur Sisyphosarbeit. Hier versprechen Semantic-Web-Ansätze Abhilfe. Die Autoren beschreiben Technologien, wie eine semantische Integration verteilter Daten durch verteilte Ontologien erreicht werden kann. Diese Techniken sind sowohl für Forscher als auch für Professionals interessant, die z.B. die Integration von Produktdaten aus verteilten Datenbanken im WWW oder von lose miteinander verbunden Anwendungen in verteilten Organisationen implementieren sollen.

LCSH

Ontologies (Information retrieval)

RSWK

Semantic Web / Ontologie <Wissensverarbeitung> / Information Retrieval / Verteilung / Metadaten / Datenintegration

Subject

Semantic Web / Ontologie <Wissensverarbeitung> / Information Retrieval / Verteilung / Metadaten / Datenintegration
Ontologies (Information retrieval)

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Date

22. 5.2007 10:37:38

Footnote

Rez. Amazon: "Die Autoren bezeichnen das Buch im Vorwort als strategischen Führer für Führungskräfte und Entwickler die sich einen Überblick über das Semantic Web und die dahinter stehende Vision machen wollen. Genau diesem Anspruch wird das Buch auch absolut gerecht. Die ersten beiden Kapitel beschreiben die Vision sowie die Möglichkeiten, die sich durch den Einsatz der in den nachfolgenden Kapiteln beschriebenen Techniken bieten. Die Autoren schaffen es anhand vieler praktischer Szenarien (die zwar teilweise meiner Einschätzung nach schon noch in einiger Zukunft liegen, aber die große Vision des ganzen schön vergegenwärtigen) sehr schnell den Leser für die Technik zu begeistern und mehr darüber wissen zu wollen. Die nachfolgenden Kapitel beschreiben die Techniken auf den verschiedenen semantischen Ebenen von XML als Basis für alles weitere, über Web Services, RDF, Taxonomies und Ontologies. Den Autoren gelingt es die beschriebenen Techniken so kurz und prägnant zu erklären, dass sich der Leser danach zumindest ein Bild über die Techniken an sich, sowie über deren komplexes Zusammenspiel machen kann. Auch für Entwickler würde ich das Buch empfehlen, da es einen sehr guten Einstieg in viele doch sehr neue Techniken bietet mit vielen Verweisen auf weitere Literatur. Alles in allem ein sehr gelungenes Buch, das es trotz relativ geringem Umfangs schafft, einen guten Überblick über dieses komplexe Thema zu vermitteln."

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Content

1. Historische Einordnung der Wissensgesellschaft 2. Dynamik des Wissens (mit einem Abschnitt zur Geschichte des Denkens als Dynamik von Wissenskonzepten) 3. Das Individuum im Wissenskosmos und der Verlust des Subjektes, schließlich noch 4. Methoden. Das Fortschreiten zur Stabilisierung des Wissens und - abgesehen von einem Leitfaden durch dieses Buch - noch das 5. Kapitel: Wissen in der Kultur und die Kultur des Wissens.

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Classification

658.4/038 22

Date

22. 3.2009 18:43:51

DDC

658.4/038 22

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LCSH

Information storage and retrieval systems

Subject

Information storage and retrieval systems

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Abstract

Human beings are information omnivores: we are constantly collecting, labeling, and organizing data. But today, the shift from the physical to the digital is mixing, burning, and ripping our lives apart. In the past, everything had its one place--the physical world demanded it--but now everything has its places: multiple categories, multiple shelves. Simply put, everything is suddenly miscellaneous. In Everything Is Miscellaneous, David Weinberger charts the new principles of digital order that are remaking business, education, politics, science, and culture. In his rollicking tour of the rise of the miscellaneous, he examines why the Dewey decimal system is stretched to the breaking point, how Rand McNally decides what information not to include in a physical map (and why Google Earth is winning that battle), how Staples stores emulate online shopping to increase sales, why your children's teachers will stop having them memorize facts, and how the shift to digital music stands as the model for the future in virtually every industry. Finally, he shows how by "going miscellaneous," anyone can reap rewards from the deluge of information in modern work and life. From A to Z, Everything Is Miscellaneous will completely reshape the way you think--and what you know--about the world.

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Footnote

Rez. in: KO 34(2007) no.4, S.266-267 (E. Quintarelli): "The knowledge and information world we live in can rarely be described from a single coherent and predictable point of view. In the global economy and mass society, an explosion of knowledge sources, different paradigms and information-seeking behaviors, fruition contexts and access devices are overloading our existence with an incredible amount of signals and stimulations, all competing for our limited attention. Taxonomies are often cited as tools to cope with, organize and make sense of this complex and ambiguous environment. Leveraging an extensive review of literature from a variety of disciplines, as well as a wide range of relevant real-life case studies, Organising Knowledge by Patrick Lambe has the great merit of liberating taxonomies from their recurring obscure and limitative definition, making them living, evolving and working tools to manage knowledge within organizations. Primarily written for knowledge and information managers, this book can help a much larger audience of practitioners and students who wish to design, develop and maintain taxonomies for large-scale coordination and organizational effectiveness both within and across societies. Patrick Lambe opens ours eyes to the fact that, far from being just a synonym for pure hierarchical trees to improve navigation, find-ability and information retrieval, taxonomies take multiple forms (from lists, to trees, facets and system maps) and play different roles, ranging from basic information organization to more subtle tasks, such as establishing common ground, overcoming boundaries, discovering new opportunities and helping in sense-making.