Search (334 results, page 17 of 17)

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Content

Inhalt: Chapter 1. Background -- Chapter 2. Definitions -- Chapter 3. Aims, Objectives, and Methodology -- Chapter 4. Setting the Scene -- Chapter 5. Information Society -- Chapter 6. Drivers for Change -- Chapter 7 A Dysfunctional STM Scene? -- Chapter 8. Comments on the Dysfunctionality of STM Publishing -- Chapter 9. The Main Stakeholders -- Chapter 10. Search and Discovery -- Chapter 11. Impact of Google -- Chapter 12. Psychological Issues -- Chapter 13. Users of Research Output -- Chapter 14. Underlying Sociological Developments -- Chapter 15. Social Media and Social Networking -- Chapter 16. Forms of Article Delivery -- Chapter 17. Future Communication Trends -- Chapter 18. Academic Knowledge Workers -- Chapter 19. Unaffiliated Knowledge Workers -- Chapter 20. The Professions -- Chapter 21. Small and Medium Enterprises -- Chapter 22. Citizen Scientists -- Chapter 23. Learned Societies -- Chapter 24. Business Models -- Chapter 25. Open Access -- Chapter 26. Political Initiatives -- Chapter 27. Summary and Conclusions -- Chapter 28. Research Questions Addressed

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Date

20. 1.2015 18:30:22

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Date

20. 1.2015 18:30:22

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Abstract

Discusses the factors, especially developments in information and communication technologies (ICTs) that influence the access and use of information by a person - as student at various levels. researcher, on the job, and for general purpose. Concludes that- books and libraries will continue to be with us and are in no danger of being replaced by the products and services that are ITC-based. There will be changes in the nature and size of library holdings and library services. Books of recreation and books of inspiration will continue to appear in the conventional form. Acquisition of books of information will he confined to the essentially required for continuous reading. For the other books and journals in each field, full text databases accessed online will have to be depended on. Reference hooks and costly books and journals required can he acquired in CD-ROM at a fraction of the cost of the printed versions. So the future library will be a combination of the conventional books and IT products in varying degrees or a hybrid library, depending on the types of library. The Impact of ICTs will be highest on research libraries.

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Abstract

Purpose - This article aims to focus on usage data in respect to full-text downloads of journal articles, which is considered an important usage (satisfaction) metric by librarians and publishers. The purpose is to evaluate the evidence regarding full-text viewing by pooling together data on the full-text viewing of tens of thousands of users studied as part of a number of investigations of e-journal databases conducted during the Virtual Scholar research programme. Design/methodology/approach - The paper reviews the web logs of a number of electronic journal libraries including OhioLINK and ScienceDirect using Deep Log Analysis, which is a more sophisticated form of transactional log analysis. The frequency, characteristics and diversity of full-text viewing are examined. The article also features an investigation into the time spent online viewing full-text articles in order to get a clearer understanding of the significance of full-text viewing, especially in regard to reading. Findings - The main findings are that there is a great deal of variety amongst scholars in their full-text viewing habits and that a large proportion of views are very cursory in nature, although there is survey evidence to suggest that reading goes on offline. Originality/value - This is the first time that full-text viewing evidence is studied on such a large scale.

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Abstract

Gegenwärtig werden große Mengen ursprünglich analog vorliegender Publikationen digitalisiert, um den Benutzerzugriff über Datennetze zu vereinfachen. Gleichzeitig wachsen Menge und Heterogenität der originär in digitaler Form erscheinenden Veröffentlichungen weiter an. Mehr und mehr Zeitschriften, Hochschulschriften, Lehr- und Lernmaterialien, aber auch Bücher, werden online publiziert. Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten stehen teilweise überhaupt nicht mehr in gedruckter Form, sondern nur noch elektronisch zur Verfügung. Viele Autoren und wissenschaftliche Institutionen übernehmen mittlerweile selbst die Veröffentlichung und Verbreitung ihrer Publikationen. Und auch die Erscheinungsformen von Publikationen verändern sich und lösen sich teilweise sogar auf. Für alle am Publikationsprozess beteiligten Institutionen ergeben sich durch diese Veränderungen von Publikationsstrukturen und -formen neue Herausforderungen. So gewinnt für die Bibliotheken die Sammlung, Erschließung und Bereitstellung von Netzpublikationen sowie deren Langzeitarchivierung eine zunehmend stärkere Bedeutung. Als Netzpublikationen gelten alle Darstellungen in Schrift, Bild und Ton, die in öffentlichen Netzen zugänglich gemacht werden. Elektronische Zeitschriften, E-Books, Hochschulprüfungsarbeiten, Forschungsberichte, Kongressschriften und Lehrmaterialien gehören genauso dazu wie Digitalisate alter Drucke, Musikdateien oder Webseiten. Für die Information und Kommunikation in Wissenschaft und Forschung haben Netzpublikationen längst eine herausragende Bedeutung. Damit digitale Objekte zitierfähig sind, müssen sie jedoch auf Dauer - inhaltlich unverändert! - als Referenzen zur Verfügung stehen und trotz aller voraussichtlichen technischen und organisatorischen Veränderungen auch in der Zukunft noch zuverlässig auffindbar sein.

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Abstract

Increasingly, e-books are becoming alternatives to print books in academic libraries, thus providing opportunities to assess how well the use of e-books meets the requirements of academics. This study uses the task-technology fit (TTF) model to explore the interrelationships of e-books, the affordances offered by smart readers, the information needs of academics, and the "fit" of technology to tasks as well as performance. We propose that the adoption of e-books will be dependent on how academics perceive the fit of this new medium to the tasks they undertake as well as what added-value functionality is delivered by the information technology that delivers the content. The study used content analysis and an online survey, administered to the faculty in Medicine, Science and Engineering at the University of New South Wales, to identify the attributes of a TTF construct of e-books in academic settings. Using exploratory factor analysis, preliminary findings confirmed annotation, navigation, and output as the core dimensions of the TTF construct. The results of confirmatory factor analysis using partial least squares path modeling supported the overall TTF model in reflecting significant positive impact of task, technology, and individual characteristics on TTF for e-books in academic settings; it also confirmed significant positive impact of TTF on individuals' performance and use, and impact of using e-books on individual performance. Our research makes two contributions: the development of an e-book TTF construct and the testing of that construct in a model validating the efficacy of the TTF framework in measuring perceived fit of e-books to academic tasks.

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Abstract

Research articles disseminate the knowledge produced by the scientific community. Access to this literature is crucial for researchers and the general public. Apparently, "bibliogifts" are available online for free from text-sharing platforms. However, little is known about such platforms. What is the size of the underlying digital libraries? What are the topics covered? Where do these documents originally come from? This article reports on a study of the Library Genesis platform (LibGen). The 25 million documents (42 terabytes) it hosts and distributes for free are mostly research articles, textbooks, and books in English. The article collection stems from isolated, but massive, article uploads (71%) in line with a "biblioleaks" scenario, as well as from daily crowdsourcing (29%) by worldwide users of platforms such as Reddit Scholar and Sci-Hub. By relating the DOIs registered at CrossRef and those cached at LibGen, this study reveals that 36% of all DOI articles are available for free at LibGen. This figure is even higher (68%) for three major publishers: Elsevier, Springer, and Wiley. More research is needed to understand to what extent researchers and the general public have recourse to such text-sharing platforms and why.

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Abstract

This article explores the cultural characteristics of three open access (OA)-friendly disciplines (physics, economics, and clinical medicine) and the ways in which those characteristics influence perceptions, motivations, and behaviors toward green OA. The empirical data are taken from two online surveys of European authors. Taking a domain analytic approach, the analysis draws on Becher and Trowler's (2001) and Whitley's (2000) theories to gain a deeper understanding of why OA repositories (OAR) play a particularly important role in the chosen disciplines. The surveys provided a unique opportunity to compare perceptions, motivations, and behaviors of researchers at the discipline level with the parent metadiscipline. It should be noted that participants were not drawn from a stratified sample of all the different subdisciplines that constitute each discipline, and therefore the generalizability of the findings to the discipline may be limited. The differential role of informal and formal communication in each of the three disciplines has shaped green OA practices. For physicists and economists, preprints are an essential feature of their respective OAR landscapes, whereas for clinical medics final published articles have a central role. In comparing the disciplines with their parent metadisciplines there were some notable similarities/differences, which have methodological implications for studying research cultures.

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Abstract

With the rapid development of social media, spontaneously user-generated content such as tweets and forum posts have become important materials for tracking people's opinions and sentiments online. A major hurdle for current state-of-the-art automatic methods for sentiment analysis is the fact that human communication often involves the use of sarcasm or irony, where the author means the opposite of what she/he says. Sarcasm transforms the polarity of an apparently positive or negative utterance into its opposite. Lack of naturally occurring utterances labeled for sarcasm is one of the key problems for the development of machine-learning methods for sarcasm detection. We report on a method for constructing a corpus of sarcastic Twitter messages in which determination of the sarcasm of each message has been made by its author. We use this reliable corpus to compare sarcastic utterances in Twitter to utterances that express positive or negative attitudes without sarcasm. We investigate the impact of lexical and pragmatic factors on machine-learning effectiveness for identifying sarcastic utterances and we compare the performance of machine-learning techniques and human judges on this task.

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Abstract

The interdisciplinary field known as digital humanities (DH) is represented in various forms in the teaching and research practiced in iSchools. Building on the work of an iSchools organization committee charged with exploring digital humanities curricula, we present findings from a series of related studies exploring aspects of DH teaching, education, and research in iSchools, often in collaboration with other units and disciplines. Through a survey of iSchool programs and an online DH course registry, we investigate the various education models for DH training found in iSchools, followed by a detailed look at DH courses and curricula, explored through analysis of course syllabi and course descriptions. We take a brief look at collaborative disciplines with which iSchools cooperate on DH research projects or in offering DH education. Next, we explore DH careers through an analysis of relevant job advertisements. Finally, we offer some observations about the management and administrative challenges and opportunities related to offering a new iSchool DH program. Our results provide a snapshot of the current state of digital humanities in iSchools which may usefully inform the design and evolution of new DH programs, degrees, and related initiatives.

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Abstract

There is an "information burst" going on in our world. Therefore we think more about the role of information in modern society and in our personal life. The political waves of the peaceful revolutionary process virtually start to erase the borders of the countries drawn on the maps. A little more than ten years ago we had not even a concept for "Belarusian-German relations", because both countries "the new united Germany and the Republic of Belarus did not exist on the maps of the world. Today the communication between our countries covers all aspects of public life "culture" science and education. We have laid a foundation for our economic and cultural cooperation. We already have had some experience in the joint solution of internal and international problems. And "what is most striking" the warm human contacts of the people consolidate and accelerate the process of mutual understanding between our countries and broaden our view. Today no country in the world can yield their citizens more freedom of choice than the "state" of the Internet. The people, freely migrating in a boundless information space, know how to use the invaluable treasures of human thought and creatively increase the achievements of mankind by intellectual work. These people become the pride of every country in our time. In educating, shaping and supporting such persons we see a new social role of the libraries. It is clearly visible that libraries turn into modern information centers. The introduction of new information know-how and the access to electronic information by means of an electronic library satisfy the increasing need of effective and comprehensive information. All steps of the work with documents (publication "search" delivery) are automated. The fast electronic delivery of documents is promoted by the growth of global information networks, by the increase of transfer rates of dates" by the capability of online search in the electronic catalogues and databases connected with the automated systems of the ordering of copies, by the technical equipment and software of scanning and recognition of the text.

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Abstract

Ein Grundproblem der rechnergestützten Erstellung, Bearbeitung und Archivierung von Dokumenten ist die unzureichende Wiedergabe von Inhalt und Struktur durch die heute verbreiteten Dokumentformate und Seitenbeschreibungssprachen. Die Standard Generalized Markup Language löst dieses Problem druch die präzise und flexible Beschreibung der Struktur von Dokumenten. SGML ermöglicht dadurch die vielseitige Nutzung der in Dokumenten enthaltenen Information für elektronische Publikationen, Hypertext-Systeme, Online-Dokumente, aber auch für die klassischen Formen der Publikation in Buch, Zeitschrift und Loseblattwerk. Darüber hinaus dient der ISO-Standard SGML als Austauschformat in heterogenen DV-Umgebungen. Das Buch vermittelt sowohl die für die Entscheidungsträger notwendigen Informationen als auch das Basiswissen für den Entwickler. Es gibt einen praxisorientierten Einstieg in Vorteile und Anwendungsgebiete von SGML, behandelt anhand vieler Beispiele die verschiedenen Bestandteile von Dokument-Typ-Definitionen und gibt einen Überblick über die verfügbare SGML-Software. Für Anwender von SGML und Entwickler von SGML-Anwendungen, DV-Fachleute in Verlagen, technische Dokumentare und allgemein an Dokumentverarbeitung Interessierte.

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Abstract

An argument for extending the circulation of knowledge with new publishing technologies considers scholarly, economic, philosophical, and practical issues. Questions about access to scholarship go back farther than recent debates over subscription prices, rights, and electronic archives suggest. The great libraries of the past - from the fabled collection at Alexandria to the early public libraries of nineteenth-century America - stood as arguments for increasing access. In The Access Principle, John Willinsky describes the latest chapter in this ongoing story - online open access publishing by scholarly journals - and makes a case for open access as a public good. A commitment to scholarly work, writes Willinsky, carries with it a responsibility to circulate that work as widely as possible: this is the access principle. In the digital age, that responsibility includes exploring new publishing technologies and economic models to improve access to scholarly work. Wide circulation adds value to published work; it is a significant aspect of its claim to be knowledge. The right to know and the right to be known are inextricably mixed. Open access, argues Willinsky, can benefit both a researcher-author working the best-equipped lab at a leading research university and a teacher struggling to find resources in an impoverished high school. Willinsky describes different types of access - the New England Journal of Medicine, for example, grants open access to issues six months after initial publication, and First Monday forgoes a print edition and makes its contents immediately accessible at no cost. He discusses the contradictions of copyright law, the reading of research, and the economic viability of open access. He also considers broader themes of public access to knowledge, human rights issues, lessons from publishing history, and "epistemological vanities." The debate over open access, writes Willinsky, raises crucial questions about the place of scholarly work in a larger world - and about the future of knowledge.