Search (13 results, page 1 of 1)

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Date

22. 1.2022 14:01:14

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Abstract

Wikimedia Deutschland hat rund 150 hauptamtliche Mitarbeitende. Von den Erlösen aber kauft sich niemand eine Yacht. Ein Gastbeitrag. Online-Plattformen dominieren in vielen Bereichen unser Leben. Wie wir einkaufen, wie wir miteinander kommunizieren, wie wir Informationen sammeln - all das wird von einigen wenigen kommerziellen Plattformen mitbestimmt. Längst drängt sich der Eindruck auf, das Netz sei durchkommerzialisiert. Dabei gibt es sie noch: einige wenige Projekte im Netz, die nicht auf Profit ausgerichtet sind, sondern dem Gemeinwohl zugutekommen.

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Abstract

Digitale Revolution: Chance oder Gefahr für die Demokratie? Einst galten das Internet und die sozialen Medien als Chance auf unbegrenzten Zugang zu Wissen - und damit als Basis für eine neue Hochphase der demokratischen Debattenkultur. Doch stattdessen sind wir heute mit Hass im Netz, Fake-News und Verschwörungstheorien konfrontiert. Rechte Parteien und Organisationen wie die AfD, Pegida und die Identitäre Bewegung können fast ungehindert ihre Ideologien verbreiten. Doch dabei handelt es sich nicht um eine reine »Online-Radikalisierung«. Das beweist die Welle rechtsmotivierter Gewalt wie die Anschläge von Halle und Hanau und eine wachsende Akzeptanz rechter Positionen in der Bevölkerung. Maik Fielitz und Holger Marcks analysieren diese Entwicklung und gehen den Ursachen auf den Grund: Die Rolle der sozialen Medien beim Erstarken des Ultranationalismus und rechts motivierter Straftaten Die Manipulationstechniken der Rechtsextremen: Verwirrung stiften, Ängste schüren und Mehrheitsverhältnisse verzerren Rechtsextreme Kommunikation im Internet: Verschwörungstheorien, Bedrohungsmythen, Lügen und Hassbotschaften Die sozialen Medien als digitaler Brandbeschleuniger: Fakten, Hintergründe und Analysen Selbstregulation oder politische Eingriffe? Auswege aus der digitalen Hasskultur Die autoritäre Revolte stellt eine große Herausforderung für Demokratien und offene Gesellschaften dar. Wie können wir rechtsextremen Tendenzen begegnen? Politik aber auch Internetkonzerne sind aufgerufen, zu handeln. Wie lässt sich der »digitale Faschismus« bändigen, ohne unser Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung einzuschränken? Diese Fragen diskutieren Maik Fielitz und Holger Marcks intensiv. Sie untersuchen die manipulativen Strategien und psychologischen Tricks der rechtsextremen Akteure und zeigen mögliche Auswege aus der Misere. Ihr Sachbuch ist ein wichtiger Beitrag zur politischen Debatte!

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Abstract

Morozov hat zudem eine Alternative zu Google geschaffen. Zumindest wird sein Dienst so in Teilen der Öffentlichkeit und im persönlichen Umfeld von Morozov wahrgenommen. Das Angebot trägt den Namen "The Syllabus" (auf Deutsch: "Das Register" oder "Das Verzeichnis"). www.the-syllabus.com. Das ist nach Sara Getz als Frontstellung gegen die "Attention Economy" zu verstehen, in der die Anbieter um die knappe Aufmerksamkeit ihrer Nutzer ringen. Wie erfolgreich sie dabei sind, wird nach Auflagenhöhen, Einschaltquoten, Klicks und "Likes" gemessen. Diese stellen einen Anreiz dar, kürzer, schriller, boulevardesker und oberflächlicher zu schreiben. Im Folgenden werden Beschreibungen und Bewertungen von "The Syllabus" seitens Sara Getz und Niklas Meek wiedergegeben. Hinzu kommen die Selbstbeschreibungen von Syllabus auf der eigenen Webseite und meine persönliche Bilanz, nachdem ich "The Syllabus" ein knappes Jahr genutzt habe.

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Abstract

Amerikas führender Technik-Journalist Steven Levy über das Unternehmen, das unsere Gesellschaft für immer verändert hat: Facebook Über zehn Jahre Gespräche mit Mark Zuckerberg: Niemand hat direkteren Zugang zu dem umstrittenen Tech-Genie als Steven Levy. Inside Facebook: Wie hinter verschlossenen Türen über das Schicksal von Milliarden Usern entschieden wird. Was auf uns zukommt: Mark Zuckerbergs Pläne für die Zukunft seines Unternehmens und die unserer Gesellschaft. Vom Start-up zur Weltmacht: Die dramatische Firmengeschichte von Facebook zeigt, wie aus dem Konzern das international einflussreiche Tech-Imperium werden konnte, von dem es heute heißt, es bedrohe die Demokratie. Das sich gegen immer lautere Stimmen behaupten muss, die fordern, der Konzern habe zu viel Einfluss und gehöre zerschlagen. Das mit über 1,7 Milliarden täglichen Zugriffen von weltweiten Nutzern über enorme Daten-Vorräte und eine Macht verfügt, die ihresgleichen sucht. Eine Macht, für die der Konzern heute immer deutlicher zur Rechenschaft gezogen wird. Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram: Wie das Unternehmen sich von einer Social-Media-Plattform zu einem der einflussreichsten Unternehmen unserer Zeit wandeln konnte. Mit welchen skrupellosen Strategien es Mark Zuckerberg gelang, seine Mitbewerber im Kampf um die Vormachtstellung im Silicon Valley auszubooten. Was bei dem Skandal um Cambridge Analytica hinter den Kulissen geschah und wie Mark Zuckerberg und Sheryl Sandberg um die Zukunft von Facebook ringen.

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Abstract

Information grounds emerge as people share information with others in a common place. Many studies have investigated the emergence of information grounds in public places. This study pays attention to the emergence, peak, and abeyance of an online information ground. It investigates a Facebook group used by youth for sharing information when misinformation spread wildly during the 2011 violence in Ambon, Indonesia. The findings demonstrate change and continuity in an online information ground; it became an information hub when reaching a peak cycle, and an information repository when entering into abeyance. Despite this period of nonactivity, the friendships and collective memories resulting from information ground interactions last over time and can be used for reactivating the online information ground when new needs emerge. Illuminating the lifecycles of an online information ground, the findings have potential to explain the dynamic of users' interactions with others and with information in quotidian spaces.

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Abstract

Kaum weniger bedeutsam als die Erfindung des Buchdrucks: Vor 30 Jahren stellte Tim Berners-Lee die erste Webseite der Welt online.

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Abstract

Fueled by the explosive growth of Web 2.0 and social media, online investment communities have become a popular venue for individual investors to interact with each other. Investor opinions extracted from online investment communities capture "crowd wisdom" and have begun to play an important role in financial markets. Existing research confirms the importance of crowd wisdom in stock predictions, but fails to investigate factors influencing crowd performance (that is, crowd prediction accuracy). In order to help improve crowd performance, our research strives to investigate the impact of crowd characteristics on crowd performance. We conduct an empirical study using a large data set collected from a popular online investment community, StockTwits. Our findings show that experience diversity, participant independence, and network decentralization are all positively related to crowd performance. Furthermore, crowd size moderates the influence of crowd characteristics on crowd performance. From a theoretical perspective, our work enriches extant literature by empirically testing the relationship between crowd characteristics and crowd performance. From a practical perspective, our findings help investors better evaluate social sensors embedded in user-generated stock predictions, based upon which they can make better investment decisions.

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Abstract

Purpose This study aims to develop an in-depth understanding of the underlying dynamics of an emergent shared information practice within a Facebook group, and the resources the group develops to sustain this practice. Design/methodology/approach In-depth semi-structured interviews were carried out with twenty members from the group. The findings are based on comparative analysis combined with narrative analysis and were interpreted using theories of situated learning and Community of Practice. Findings The study shows that although members of this multicultural mothers group endorsed different, sometimes opposing parenting practices, the group had to find common ground when sharing information. Managing these challenges was key to maintaining the group as an open information resource for all members. The group produced a shared repertoire of resources to maintain its activities, including norms, rules, shared understandings, and various monitoring activities. The shared online practice developed by the community is conceptualised in this article as an information practice requiring shared, community-specific understandings of what, when, and how information can or should be sought or shared in ways that are valued in this specific community. The findings show that this shared information practice is not static but continually evolves as members negotiate what is, or not, important for the group. Originality/value The research provides novel insights into the underlying dynamics of the emergence, management, and sustainability of a shared information practice within a contemporary mothers group on Facebook.

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Abstract

Web search is commonly used by fact checking systems as a source of evidence for claim verification. In this work, we demonstrate that the task of retrieving pages useful for fact checking, called evidential pages, is indeed different from the task of retrieving topically relevant pages that are typically optimized by search engines; thus, it should be handled differently. We conduct a comprehensive study on the performance of retrieving evidential pages over a test collection we developed for the task of re-ranking Web pages by usefulness for fact-checking. Results show that pages (retrieved by a commercial search engine) that are topically relevant to a claim are not always useful for verifying it, and that the engine's performance in retrieving evidential pages is weakly correlated with retrieval of topically relevant pages. Additionally, we identify types of evidence in evidential pages and some linguistic cues that can help predict page usefulness. Moreover, preliminary experiments show that a retrieval model leveraging those cues has a higher performance compared to the search engine. Finally, we show that existing systems have a long way to go to support effective fact checking. To that end, our work provides insights to guide design of better future systems for the task.

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Abstract

Social media connected the world--and gave rise to fake news and increasing polarization. Now a leading researcher at MIT draws on 20 years of research to show how these trends threaten our political, economic, and emotional health in this eye-opening exploration of the dark side of technological progress. Today we have the ability, unprecedented in human history, to amplify our interactions with each other through social media. It is paramount, MIT social media expert Sinan Aral says, that we recognize the outsized impact social media has on our culture, our democracy, and our lives in order to steer today's social technology toward good, while avoiding the ways it can pull us apart. Otherwise, we could fall victim to what Aral calls "The Hype Machine." As a senior researcher of the longest-running study of fake news ever conducted, Aral found that lies spread online farther and faster than the truth--a harrowing conclusion that was featured on the cover of Science magazine. Among the questions Aral explores following twenty years of field research: Did Russian interference change the 2016 election? And how is it affecting the vote in 2020? Why does fake news travel faster than the truth online? How do social ratings and automated sharing determine which products succeed and fail? How does social media affect our kids? First, Aral links alarming data and statistics to three accelerating social media shifts: hyper-socialization, personalized mass persuasion, and the tyranny of trends. Next, he grapples with the consequences of the Hype Machine for elections, businesses, dating, and health. Finally, he maps out strategies for navigating the Hype Machine, offering his singular guidance for managing social media to fulfill its promise going forward. Rarely has a book so directly wrestled with the secret forces that drive the news cycle every day"

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Abstract

Great Sites are closely related to the residents' life, urban and rural development. In the process of rapid urbanization in China, the protection and utilization of Great Sites are facing unprecedented pressure. Effective knowl­edge organization with ontology and linked data of Great Sites is a prerequisite for their protection and utilization. In this paper, an interview is conducted to understand the users' awareness towards Great Sites to build the user-centered ontology. As for designing the Great Site ontology, firstly, the scope of Great Sites is determined. Secondly, CIDOC- CRM and OWL-Time Ontology are reused combining the results of literature research and user interviews. Thirdly, the top-level structure and the specific instances are determined to extract knowl­edge concepts of Great Sites. Fourthly, they are transformed into classes, data properties and object properties of the Great Site ontology. Later, based on the linked data technology, taking the Great Sites in Xi'an Area as an example, this paper uses D2RQ to publish the linked data set of the knowl­edge of the Great Sites and realize its opening and sharing. Semantic services such as semantic annotation, semantic retrieval and reasoning are provided based on the ontology.