-
Shiri, A.A.; Revie, C.; Chowdhury, G.: Thesaurus-enhanced search interfaces (2002)
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- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Wiesenmüller, H.: Schlagwortketten in Online-Katalogen : Realität und Potenzial (2008)
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- Abstract
- Das Prinzip, zur Wiedergabe eines komplexen Gegenstands mehrere Schlagwörter in Form einer Schlagwortkette zu verknüpfen, gehört zum zentralen Kern der 'Regeln für den Schlagwortkatalog' (RSWK). Während die Bildung solcher Schlagwortketten - also der Input - umfassend geregelt ist, verzichtet das Regelwerk jedoch darauf, auch für den Output nähere Vorgaben zu machen: "Die Gestaltung des Retrievals von Schlagwörtern und ihrer Anzeige im Online-Katalog" sei "Aufgabe des jeweiligen OPACs", weshalb man sich auf "einzelne Hinweise" beschränke (§ 20,1). Explizit genannt werden immerhin die "Suche nach Schlagwortketten" und das Browsing im Schlagwortkettenindex (5 20,5). Freilich ist seit langem bekannt, dass Schlagwortketten in vielen OPACs recht 'stiefmütterlich' behandelt werden. Eine aussagekräftige Bestandsaufnahme über die tatsächliche Nutzung der Schlagwortketten in aktuellen OPACs fehlte jedoch. Eine solche hat die Verfasserin im Februar 2008 unternommen. Den Hintergrund dafür bildeten die Überlegungen der vom Standardisierungsausschuss eingesetzten Ad-hoc-Arbeitsgruppe "Strategie der Sacherschließung" unter dem Vorsitz von Dr. Friedrich Geißelmann (UB Regensburg). In diesem Rahmen wurde auch über Wege diskutiert, um das große Potenzial der Schlagwortketten besser für das Retrieval nutzbar zu machen. Für die Untersuchung wurden - ohne Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit - 40 Online-Kataloge mit Schlagwortkettenfunktionalitäten analysiert. Zehn unterschiedliche Katalogsysteme waren dabei vertreten: Aleph, Allegro, Biber, Bond, Horizon, Libero, PICA, SISIS-Sunrise, Urica und Virtua. Eine Liste der betrachteten OPACs inkl. ihrer URLs und der im Folgenden verwendeten Siglen ist im Anhang zu finden. Die Darstellung stellt zwangsläufig eine Momentaufnahme dar, denn die OPACs sind natürlich keine statischen Systeme: Schon bei Abfassung des vorliegenden Beitrags im Juli 2008 waren einige Änderungen einzuarbeiten, die sich seit Februar ergeben hatten; weitere Umgestaltungen der Kataloge sind nur eine Frage der Zeit. Desungeachtet gibt die Studie einen Überblick über derzeit implementierte Funktionalitäten sowie aktuelle Trends, und ermöglicht auch das Aufzeigen von Problemfeldern und Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten.
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Tudhope, D.; Binding, C.; Blocks, D.; Cuncliffe, D.: Representation and retrieval in faceted systems (2003)
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- Abstract
- This paper discusses two inter-related themes: the retrieval potential of faceted thesauri and XML representations of fundamental facets. Initial findings are discussed from the ongoing 'FACET' project, in collaboration with the National Museum of Science and Industry. The work discussed seeks to take advantage of the structure afforded by faceted systems for multi-term queries and flexible matching, focusing in this paper an the Art and Architecture Thesaurus. A multi-term matching function yields ranked results with partial matches via semantic term expansion, based an a measure of distance over the semantic index space formed by thesaurus relationships. Our intention is to drive the system from general representations and a common query structure and interface. To this end, we are developing an XML representation based an work by the Classification Research Group an fundamental facets or categories. The XML representation maps categories to particular thesauri and hierarchies. The system interface, which is configured by the mapping, incorporates a thesaurus browser with navigation history together with a term search facility and drag and drop query builder.
- Object
- Art and Architecture Thesaurus
-
Fast, K.; Leise, F.; Steckel, M.: Controlled vocabularies : a glosso-thesaurus (2003)
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-
Lucarelli, A.: Semantic authority control and New Soggettario (2004)
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- Abstract
- The project of the renewal of the Subject Headings for Italian Library Catalogues (Soggettario), financed by the National Central Library in Florence, proposes a pre-coordinated language, both analytic and synthetic, complying with international rules on vocabulary control and structure, based on category analysis of semantic relationships. It envisages a strict distinction between semantic relationships and syntactic ones, and bases its citation order of subject strings on the analysis model for logical relationships. Thanks to its features, the new Soggettario agrees both with the logic of Guidelines for Subject Authority and Reference Entries and of UNIMARC. Authorities, and with FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records). The rigorous structure of the thesaurus will facilitate the transfer of controlled terminology to lists or authority files and archives. The Italian National Bibliography (BNI) will have to play a leading role on the control of coherence of semantic access points. It will validate the strings created by other libraries and control their coherence according to the syntax rules envisaged in the new method.
-
Nuovo soggettario : guida al sistema italiano di indicizzazione per soggetto, prototipo del thesaurus (2007)
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- Footnote
- The guide Nuovo soggettario was presented on February 8' 2007 at a one-day seminar in the Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, in front of some 500 spellbound people. The Nuovo soggettario comes in two parts: the guide in book-form and an accompanying CD-ROM, by way of which a prototype of the thesaurus may be accessed on the Internet. In the former, rules are stated; the latter contains a pdf version of the guide and the first installment of the controlled vocabulary, which is to be further enriched and refined. Syntactic instructions (general application guidelines, as well as special annotations of particular terms) and the compiled subject strings file have yet to be added. The essentials of the new system are: 1) an analytic-synthetic approach, 2) use of terms (units of controlled vocabulary) and subject strings (which represent subjects by combining terms in linear order to form syntactic relationships), instead of main headings and subdivisions, 3) specificity of terms and strings, with a view to the co-extension of subject string and subject matter and 4) a clear distinction between semantic and syntactic relationships, with full control of them both. Basic features of the vocabulary include the uniformity and univocality of terms and thesaural management of a priori (semantic) relationships. Starting from its definition, each term can be categorially analyzed: four macro-categories are represented (agents, action, things, time), for which there are subcategories called facets (e.g., for actions: activities, disciplines, processes), which in turn have sub-facets. Morphological instructions conform to national and international standards, including BS 8723, ANSI/ NISO Z39.19 and the IFLA draft of Guidelines for multilingual thesauri, even for syntactic factorization. Different kinds of semantic relationships are represented thoroughly, and particular attention is paid to poly-hierarchies, which are used only in moderation: both top terms must actually be relevant. Node labels are used to specify the principle of division applied. Instance relationships are also used.
Thesaurus software is based on AgroVoc (http:// www.fao.org/aims/ag_intro.htm) provided by the FAO, but in modified form. Many searching options and contextualization within the full hierarchies are possible, so that the choice of morphology and syntax of terms and strings is made easier by the complete overview of semantic relationships. New controlled terms will be available soon, thanks to the work in progress - there are now 13,000 terms, of which 40 percent are non-preferred. In three months, free Internet access by CD-ROM will cease and a subscription will be needed. The digital version of old Soggettario and the corresponding unstructured lists of headings adopted in 1956-1985 are accessible together with the thesaurus, so that the whole vocabulary, old and new, will be at the fingertips of the indexer, who is forced to work with both tools during this transition period. In the future, it will be possible to integrate the thesaurus into library OPACs. The two parts form a very consistent and detailed resource. The guide is filled with examples; the accurate, clearly-expressed and consistent instructions are further enhanced by good use of fonts and type size, facilitating reading. The thesaurus is simple and quick to use, very rich, albeit only a prototype; see, for instance, a list of DDC numbers and related terms with their category and facet, and then entries, hierarchies and so on, and the capacity of the structure to show organized knowledge. The excellent outcome of a demanding experimentation, the intended guide welcomes in a new era of subject indexing in Italy and is highly recommended. The new method has been designed to be easily teachable to new and experimented indexers.
Now BNI is beginning to use the new language, pointing the way for the adoption of Nuovo soggettario in Italian libraries: a difficult challenge whose success is not assured. To name only one issue: including all fields of study requires particular care in treating terms with different specialized meanings; cooperation of other libraries and institutions is foreseen. At the same time, efforts are being made to assure the system's interoperability outside the library world. It is clear that a great commitment is required. "Too complex a system!" say the naysayers. "Only at the beginning," the proponents reply. The new system goes against the mainstream, compared with the imitation of the easy way offered by search engines - but we know that they must enrich their devices to improve quality, just repeating the work on semantic and syntactic relationships that leads formal expressions to the meanings they are intended to communicate - and also compared with research to create automated devices supporting human work, for the need to simplify cataloguing. Here AI is not involved, but automation is widely used to facilitate and to support the conscious work of indexers guided by rules as clear as possible. The advantage of Nuovo soggettario is its combination of a thesaurus (a much-appreciated tool used across the world) with the equally widespread technique of subject-string construction, which is to say: the rational and predictable combination of the terms used. The appearance of this original, unparalleled working model may well be a great occasion in the international development of indexing, as, on one hand, the Nuovo soggettario uses a recognized tool (the thesaurus) and, on the other, by permitting both pre-coordination and post-coordination, it attempts to overcome the fragmentation of increasingly complex and specialized subjects into isolated, single-term descriptors. This is a serious proposition that merits consideration from both theoretical and practical points of view - and outside Italy, too."
-
Chan, L.M.; Hodges, T.: Entering the millennium : a new century for LCSH (2000)
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- Date
- 27. 5.2001 16:22:21
-
Frommeyer, J.: Chronological terms and period subdivisions in LCSH, RAMEAU, and RSWK : development of an integrative model for time retrieval across various online catalogs (2004)
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- Date
- 10. 9.2000 17:38:22
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Anderson, J.D.; Pérez-Carballo, J.: Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) (2009)
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- Date
- 27. 8.2011 14:22:13
