Search (68 results, page 1 of 4)

0.052357085 = product of:
  0.13089271 = sum of:
    0.107641 = weight(_text_:index in 2600) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.107641 = score(doc=2600,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.18579477 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04251826 = queryNorm
        0.5793543 = fieldWeight in 2600, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2600)
    0.023251716 = product of:
      0.069755144 = sum of:
        0.069755144 = weight(_text_:29 in 2600) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.069755144 = score(doc=2600,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.14956595 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04251826 = queryNorm
            0.46638384 = fieldWeight in 2600, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
              0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2600)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.4 = coord(2/5)

Date

25.11.1995 12:29:09

0.025116233 = product of:
  0.12558116 = sum of:
    0.12558116 = weight(_text_:index in 1204) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.12558116 = score(doc=1204,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.18579477 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04251826 = queryNorm
        0.67591333 = fieldWeight in 1204, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1204)
  0.2 = coord(1/5)

0.0215282 = product of:
  0.107641 = sum of:
    0.107641 = weight(_text_:index in 8784) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.107641 = score(doc=8784,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.18579477 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04251826 = queryNorm
        0.5793543 = fieldWeight in 8784, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=8784)
  0.2 = coord(1/5)

0.0215282 = product of:
  0.107641 = sum of:
    0.107641 = weight(_text_:index in 2602) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.107641 = score(doc=2602,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.18579477 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04251826 = queryNorm
        0.5793543 = fieldWeight in 2602, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2602)
  0.2 = coord(1/5)

Footnote

Vorg. u.d.T.: Publishers' international directory with ISBN index // Rez. in: IfB 3(1995) H.3, S.533-534 (K. Schreiber)

0.0215282 = product of:
  0.107641 = sum of:
    0.107641 = weight(_text_:index in 4506) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.107641 = score(doc=4506,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.18579477 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04251826 = queryNorm
        0.5793543 = fieldWeight in 4506, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4506)
  0.2 = coord(1/5)

Footnote

Vorg. u.d.T.: Publishers' international directory with ISBN index // Rez. in: IfB 4(1996) H.4, S.686-687 (K. Schreiber)

0.0215282 = product of:
  0.107641 = sum of:
    0.107641 = weight(_text_:index in 429) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.107641 = score(doc=429,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.18579477 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04251826 = queryNorm
        0.5793543 = fieldWeight in 429, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=429)
  0.2 = coord(1/5)

0.020296982 = product of:
  0.10148491 = sum of:
    0.10148491 = weight(_text_:index in 1108) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.10148491 = score(doc=1108,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.18579477 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04251826 = queryNorm
        0.5462205 = fieldWeight in 1108, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1108)
  0.2 = coord(1/5)

Abstract

2 vols Index; 17 vols Knowledge in depth (Macropædia); 12 vols Ready reference (Micropædia); 1 vol. Outline of knowledge (Propædia)

Content

Index: 200.000 Eintragungen mit 500.000 Verweisungen - Macropædia: 700 major subjects, 7.000 Illustrationen - Micropædia: 200.000 Eintragungen mit 500.000 Verweisungen. - Die neue Ausgabe enthält 350 neue Artikel, 8.000 veränderte Eintragungen und 5.000 veränderte Artikel, 172 neue Biographien. Insgesamt: 44 Mio Wörter; 65.000 Eintragungen; 24.283 Illustrationen

0.017940167 = product of:
  0.08970083 = sum of:
    0.08970083 = weight(_text_:index in 7248) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.08970083 = score(doc=7248,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.18579477 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04251826 = queryNorm
        0.48279524 = fieldWeight in 7248, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=7248)
  0.2 = coord(1/5)

0.017940167 = product of:
  0.08970083 = sum of:
    0.08970083 = weight(_text_:index in 2008) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.08970083 = score(doc=2008,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.18579477 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04251826 = queryNorm
        0.48279524 = fieldWeight in 2008, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2008)
  0.2 = coord(1/5)

0.017759858 = product of:
  0.08879929 = sum of:
    0.08879929 = weight(_text_:index in 1300) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.08879929 = score(doc=1300,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.18579477 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04251826 = queryNorm
        0.4779429 = fieldWeight in 1300, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1300)
  0.2 = coord(1/5)

Abstract

First published in 1928, the Aslib directory is the leading information sources reference work an organisations of all kinds. Now in its 12th edition, its diversity is reflected by its wide spectrum of entries. The Aslib Directory of Information Sources in the United Kingdom provides instant access to listings of over 11,000 associations, clubs, commissions, government bodies and other organisations which provide information freely or an a fee-paying basis. Each entry is listed alphabetically and includes: . The organisation's name and contact details . Organisation type and purpose Publications and collections, where appropriate The directory also contains a comprehensive index of over 10,000 acronyms and abbreviations, and a substantial cross-referenced subject index.

0.015792316 = product of:
  0.039480787 = sum of:
    0.027959513 = weight(_text_:system in 4652) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.027959513 = score(doc=4652,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.13391352 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.1495528 = idf(docFreq=5152, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04251826 = queryNorm
        0.20878783 = fieldWeight in 4652, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          3.1495528 = idf(docFreq=5152, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4652)
    0.011521274 = product of:
      0.03456382 = sum of:
        0.03456382 = weight(_text_:22 in 4652) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.03456382 = score(doc=4652,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.1488917 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04251826 = queryNorm
            0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 4652, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4652)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.4 = coord(2/5)

Abstract

The system is available both in print and online versions. Names a few new subject headings in areas like science, technology, engineering and medicine (STEM). In this edition, there are a total of 1,600 new headings making it a total of 12,000+ preferred headings meant for subject access in small and medium sized libraries. This unprecedented increase of about 1,600 headings is mostly due the complete incorporation of the Canadian Sears last published independently in 2006. Also critically examines inconsistencies in a few headings. Concludes to say the new edition in resplendent, hard binding maintains its stellar reputation of a handy list of general subject headings both for applications and a teaching resource.

Date

21.12.2018 18:22:12

0.0155872805 = product of:
  0.0389682 = sum of:
    0.016139356 = weight(_text_:context in 664) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.016139356 = score(doc=664,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.17622331 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.14465 = idf(docFreq=1904, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04251826 = queryNorm
        0.09158469 = fieldWeight in 664, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.14465 = idf(docFreq=1904, maxDocs=44218)
          0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=664)
    0.022828845 = weight(_text_:system in 664) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.022828845 = score(doc=664,freq=12.0), product of:
        0.13391352 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.1495528 = idf(docFreq=5152, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04251826 = queryNorm
        0.17047454 = fieldWeight in 664, product of:
          3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
            12.0 = termFreq=12.0
          3.1495528 = idf(docFreq=5152, maxDocs=44218)
          0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=664)
  0.4 = coord(2/5)

Footnote

Rez. in: Knowledge organization 34(2007) no.1, S.58-60 (P. Buizza): "This Nuovo soggettario is the first sign of subject indexing renewal in Italy. Italian subject indexing has been based until now on Soggettario per i cataloghi delle biblioteche italiane (Firenze, 1956), a list of preferred terms and see references, with suitable hierarchical subdivisions and cross references, derived from the subject catalogue of the National Library in Florence (BNCF). New headings later used in Bibliografia nazionale italiana (BNI) were added without references, nor indeed with any real maintenance. Systematic instructions on how to combine the terms are lacking: the indexer using this instrument is obliged to infer the order of terms absent from the lists by consulting analogous entries. Italian libraries are suffering from the limits of this subject catalogue: vocabulary is inadequate, obsolete and inconsistent, the syndetic structure incomplete and inaccurate, and the syntax ill-defined, poorly explained and unable to reflect complex subjects. In the nineties, the Subject Indexing Research Group (Gruppo di ricerca sull'indicizzazione per soggetto, GRIS) of the AIB (Italian Library Association) developed the indexing theory and some principles of PRECIS and drew up guidelines based on consistent principles for vocabulary, semantic relationships and subject string construction, the latter according to role syntax (Guida 1997). In overhauling the Soggettario, the National Library in Florence aimed at a comprehensive indexing system. (A report on the method and evolution of the work has been published in Knowledge Organization (Lucarelli 2005), while the feasibility study is available in Italian (Per un nuovo Soggettario 2002). Any usable terms from the old Soggettario will be transferred to the new system, while taking into consideration international norms and interlinguistic compatibility, as well as applications outside the immediate library context. The terms will be accessible via a suitable OPAC operating on the most advanced software.
The guide Nuovo soggettario was presented on February 8' 2007 at a one-day seminar in the Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, in front of some 500 spellbound people. The Nuovo soggettario comes in two parts: the guide in book-form and an accompanying CD-ROM, by way of which a prototype of the thesaurus may be accessed on the Internet. In the former, rules are stated; the latter contains a pdf version of the guide and the first installment of the controlled vocabulary, which is to be further enriched and refined. Syntactic instructions (general application guidelines, as well as special annotations of particular terms) and the compiled subject strings file have yet to be added. The essentials of the new system are: 1) an analytic-synthetic approach, 2) use of terms (units of controlled vocabulary) and subject strings (which represent subjects by combining terms in linear order to form syntactic relationships), instead of main headings and subdivisions, 3) specificity of terms and strings, with a view to the co-extension of subject string and subject matter and 4) a clear distinction between semantic and syntactic relationships, with full control of them both. Basic features of the vocabulary include the uniformity and univocality of terms and thesaural management of a priori (semantic) relationships. Starting from its definition, each term can be categorially analyzed: four macro-categories are represented (agents, action, things, time), for which there are subcategories called facets (e.g., for actions: activities, disciplines, processes), which in turn have sub-facets. Morphological instructions conform to national and international standards, including BS 8723, ANSI/ NISO Z39.19 and the IFLA draft of Guidelines for multilingual thesauri, even for syntactic factorization. Different kinds of semantic relationships are represented thoroughly, and particular attention is paid to poly-hierarchies, which are used only in moderation: both top terms must actually be relevant. Node labels are used to specify the principle of division applied. Instance relationships are also used.
An entry is structured so as to present all the essential elements of the indexing system. For each term are given: category, facet, related terms, Dewey interdisciplinary class number and, if necessary; definition or scope notes. Sources used are referenced (an appendix in the book lists those used in the current work). Historical notes indicate whenever a change of term has occurred, thus smoothing the transition from the old lists. In chapter 5, the longest one, detailed instructions with practical examples show how to create entries and how to relate terms; upper relationships must always be complete, right up to the top term, whereas hierarchies of related terms not yet fully developed may remain unfinished. Subject string construction consists in a double operation: analysis and synthesis. The former is the analysis of logical functions performed by single concepts in the definition of the subject (e.g., transitive actions, object, agent, etc.) or in syntactic relationships (transitive relationships and belonging relationship), so that each term for those concepts is assigned its role (e.g., key concept, transitive element, agent, instrument, etc.) in the subject string, where the core is distinct from the complementary roles (e.g., place, time, form, etc.). Synthesis is based on a scheme of nuclear and complementary roles, and citation order follows agreed-upon principles of one-to-one relationships and logical dependence. There is no standard citation order based on facets, in a categorial logic, but a flexible one, although thorough. For example, it is possible for a time term (subdivision) to precede an action term, when the former is related to the latter as the object of action: "Arazzi - Sec. 16.-17. - Restauro" [Tapestry - 16th-17th century - Restoration] (p. 126). So, even with more complex subjects, it is possible to produce perfectly readable strings covering the whole of the subject matter without splitting it into two incomplete and complementary headings. To this end, some unusual connectives are adopted, giving the strings a more discursive style.
Now BNI is beginning to use the new language, pointing the way for the adoption of Nuovo soggettario in Italian libraries: a difficult challenge whose success is not assured. To name only one issue: including all fields of study requires particular care in treating terms with different specialized meanings; cooperation of other libraries and institutions is foreseen. At the same time, efforts are being made to assure the system's interoperability outside the library world. It is clear that a great commitment is required. "Too complex a system!" say the naysayers. "Only at the beginning," the proponents reply. The new system goes against the mainstream, compared with the imitation of the easy way offered by search engines - but we know that they must enrich their devices to improve quality, just repeating the work on semantic and syntactic relationships that leads formal expressions to the meanings they are intended to communicate - and also compared with research to create automated devices supporting human work, for the need to simplify cataloguing. Here AI is not involved, but automation is widely used to facilitate and to support the conscious work of indexers guided by rules as clear as possible. The advantage of Nuovo soggettario is its combination of a thesaurus (a much-appreciated tool used across the world) with the equally widespread technique of subject-string construction, which is to say: the rational and predictable combination of the terms used. The appearance of this original, unparalleled working model may well be a great occasion in the international development of indexing, as, on one hand, the Nuovo soggettario uses a recognized tool (the thesaurus) and, on the other, by permitting both pre-coordination and post-coordination, it attempts to overcome the fragmentation of increasingly complex and specialized subjects into isolated, single-term descriptors. This is a serious proposition that merits consideration from both theoretical and practical points of view - and outside Italy, too."

0.014352133 = product of:
  0.07176066 = sum of:
    0.07176066 = weight(_text_:index in 1204) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.07176066 = score(doc=1204,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.18579477 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04251826 = queryNorm
        0.3862362 = fieldWeight in 1204, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1204)
  0.2 = coord(1/5)

Abstract

Mit diesem Adreßbuch für das Internet erhalten Sie eine komplette Übersicht über die Leistungen und den Nutzen, die das Internet bietet. Alle Datenanbieter sind in einer alphabetischen Übersicht schnell und leicht zu finden. Der dazugehörige Index in dieser deutschen Übersetzung wurde komplett neu überarbeitet und erweitert. Dadurch wurde eine Übersichtlichkeit erreicht, die den totalen Durchblick im Umgang mit dem Internet und seinen Leistungen schafft. Einen Zusatznutzen bringen Ihnen die kurzen Einführungen zum Internet und seiner Bedienung

0.013630002 = product of:
  0.034075003 = sum of:
    0.022425208 = weight(_text_:index in 1701) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.022425208 = score(doc=1701,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.18579477 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04251826 = queryNorm
        0.12069881 = fieldWeight in 1701, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=1701)
    0.011649796 = weight(_text_:system in 1701) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.011649796 = score(doc=1701,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.13391352 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.1495528 = idf(docFreq=5152, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04251826 = queryNorm
        0.08699492 = fieldWeight in 1701, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          3.1495528 = idf(docFreq=5152, maxDocs=44218)
          0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=1701)
  0.4 = coord(2/5)

Footnote

Rez. in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft 2003, H.7, S.95-96 (E. Reinecke): "Mehr als zweihundert Jahre lang stellte der Star unter den Nachschlagewerken, die Encyclopaedia Britannica, sich selbst als echt britischen Luxusartikel dar, obgleich sie schon seit den 1930er Jahren in Chicago produziert wird. Nicht nur die edle Ausstattung der Bände selbst beeindruckte den Kunden; auch der persönliche Besuch eines Lexikonvertreters vermittelte das Gefühl, hier einen besonderen Kauf zu tätigen. Der stolze Preis passte in diesen Rahmen: Schon die bescheidenste Ausgabe des Prachtwerks kostete über 3000 DM. Dann kam das Internet, und alles wurde anders. In Gestalt der Microsoft Encarta trat 1992 ein großmächtiger Konkurrent mit niedrigen Preisen auf. Sie konnte zwar die Qualität der ehrwürdigen »Britannica« nicht erreichen; doch wie in anderen Fällen siegte Masse über Klasse. 1996 hatten sich die Verkaufszahlen der »Britannica« halbiert, auch die Produktion einer eigenen CD-Rom-Version konnte die Talfahrt nicht mehr aufhalten. Sie endete noch im selben Jahr mit dem Verkauf des Traditionsunternehmens an einen Schweizer Investor. Für Computer- und Internetfans folgte eine Ära der Freude: Die neuen Eigentümer passten sich dem Trend der Zeit an und gaben den Verkauf über Vertreter zu Gunsten der digitalen Version auf. Wer zu diesem Zeitpunkt die Britannica erwerben wollte, mußte sich mit einer Scheibe zufrieden geben oder den Weg ins World Wide Web gehen. Im Internet waren die Artikel zunächst sogar umsonst zu haben. Heute werden drei verschiedene CDRom-/DVD-Versionen angeboten, und die Website der Encyclopxdia Britannica ist allseits bekannt und beliebt - allerdings nicht mehr kostenlos zugänglich. Wer mehr als Appetithäppchen will, muss sich auf ein Abonnement einlassen. Dieses ist schnell und einfach abgeschlossen; die Kundenfreundlichkeit der Site und ihrer Betreiber ist durchaus bemerkenswert. Nachdem die Entwicklung der elektronischen Britannica schon so weit vorangetrieben war, gab der Verlag 2002 wieder eine neue Devise aus: »Back to the roots«. Nach vier Jahren rein digitaler Vermarktung kommt eine überarbeitete Neuauflage in gedruckter Form auf den Markt. Nun kann der geneigte Leser sich wieder am Anblick von fast anderthalb Metern Buch erfreuen und trotzdem auf dem letzten Stand sein - zumindest kurzfristig. In der Darstellung des deutschen Vertreibers sind gar die CD-Rom-Versioneu nur noch eine »Ergänzung« zum »repräsentativen gedruckten Erzeugnis«. Was kann einen deutschen Leser bewegen, sich der Sprachhürde zum Trotz für die Encyclopxdia Britannica zu entscheiden - egal ob digital oder gedruckt? Der Umfang ist in der Tat beeindruckend. Allein der zwölfbändige erste Teil, die »Micropxdia«, enthält bereits die Stichwortartikel eines kompletten Lexikons. Das richtig tief gehende Wissen (»Knowledge in Depth«) steht in der 17 Bände umfassenden »Macropxdia«. Auf durchschnittlich zwanzig, gelegentlich bis zu 300 Seiten findet der Leser eine Art Überblicksvorlesung zu Themen wie »Telekommunikation«, »Algebra« oder »Die Schweiz«. So wird der Nachschlagende im besten Sinne zum Studierenden. Insgesamt kommen über 65 000 Artikel mit mehr als 24 000 Fotos, Karten und Illustrationen zusammen. Zur Erschließung dieser Fülle gibt es einen zweibändigen Index der Luxusklasse: mit 700 000 Einträgen, die zum Stich wort nicht nur Band und Seitenzahl, sondern auch die Spalte und die - obere oder untere - Spaltenhälfte nennen.
Der pädagogische Anspruch des Werkes zeigt sich am deutlichsten im »nullten Band«, der »Propaedia« oder »Outline of Knowledge«. Es handelt sich um nichts weniger als den Versuch, die Gesamtheit des menschlichen Wissens säuberlich in zehn große Schubladen zu sortieren, die wieder in Unter- und Unterunterschubladen (divisions und sections) eingeteilt sind. Eine division des großen Wissensgebiets »Human Life« ist zum Beispiel »Stabes in the Development of Human Life« mit den sections »Human Evolution« und »Human Heredity«. Letztere enthalten Empfehlungen zum Weiterlesen in Micro- und Macropeadia. Wie sieht es mit Aktualität und Detailreichtum des gedruckten Werkes aus? Zumindest dem Kandidaten von »Wer wird Millionär?«, der bei der Frage nach dem zweiten Vornamen der »Harry Potter«-Autorin Joanne K. Rowling sehr ins Schwitzen geriet, hätte das Werk geholfen. Die Dame heißt »Kathleen«. Joschka Fischer wird mit einer ausführlichen Biografie gewürdigt. Diese bekommt allerdings nicht jeder Besitzer des Werkes zu Gesicht: Sie befindet sich in einem der jedes Jahr zusätzlich aufgelegten Bände »Britannica Book of the Year« - in diesem Fall von 1996. Für den Hauptteil ist unser Außenminister offensichtlich noch nicht lange genug im Geschäft. Schwieriger wird es, wenn schon die Frage nicht ganz klar ist: »Apropros Alarmanlagen. War da nicht irgendwann einmal etwas mit Gänsen, die einen Überfall verhinderten?« Unter welchem Stichwort sollte man da schauen? Gänse? Historische Überfälle? Hier hilft die elektronische Version, die schon auf die Suchbegriffe »geese« und »warning system« die Geschichte vom nächtlichen Überfall der Gallier auf Rom im Jahre 390 v. Chr. liefert. Die Begeisterung über den Erfolg darf sich aber in Grenzen halten. Die Internet-Suchmaschine Google findet die Gänsegeschichte genauso schnell, sogar in wesentlich ausführlicherer Form, desgleichen den zweiten Vornamen von Frau Rowling. Und über Joschka Fischer findet man auf dessen eigener Website noch einiges mehr als nur seine Biografie. Macht also eine gute Suchmaschine das ganze Lexikon entbehrlich? Ich glaube nicht. Die Encyclopaedia beantwortet doch noch mehr Fragen als das Internet. Vor allem aber kann man den Antworten in (fast) jeder Hinsicht vertrauen. Für Recherchezwecke ist die gedruckte Form der »Britannica« der digitalen eindeutig unterlegen. Letztere wird immerhin vierteljährlich aktualisiert; außerdem bietet sie vielfältige Suchstrategien, zusätzliche Bilder, Videos, Animationen, den Online-Zugriff auf mehrere tausend Zeitschriftenartikel, Videoclips und Verweise auf Zigtausende von Websites, die eigens von den »Britannica«-Redakteuren ausgewählt wurden. Ist es also reine Nostalgie - vielleicht sogar Snobismus -, sich die Prachtbände ins Regal zu stellen? Vielleicht mag es ja Leute geben, die ganze Kapitel am Bildschirm lesen oder sich ausdrucken. Wenn es um Lernvergnügen und nicht nur um kurze Fakteninformation geht, dann ist für mich ein Buch in den meisten Fällen die bessere Wahl. Durch die pädagogische Sorgfalt der Redakteure fühlt sich der Leser eingeladen, sich einen Überblick über ganze Gebiete zu verschaffen und nicht nur schnelles Wissen abzugreifen. Wo ein Kapitel bis zu 300 Seiten lang sein kann, da ist die Buchform sehr willkommen. Und ganz ehrlich - ein bisschen Tradition und Nostalgie schadet nicht. Die Herausgeber pflegen diese Tradition auf besondere Weise. Unter http:// www.1911encyclopedia.org ist die Originalausgabe der »Britannica« von 1911 abzurufen - kostenlos."

0.0129114855 = product of:
  0.064557426 = sum of:
    0.064557426 = weight(_text_:context in 4715) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.064557426 = score(doc=4715,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.17622331 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.14465 = idf(docFreq=1904, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04251826 = queryNorm
        0.36633876 = fieldWeight in 4715, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.14465 = idf(docFreq=1904, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4715)
  0.2 = coord(1/5)

Content

7.300 articles - 122.600 clear, concise definitions - 550 high resolution color graphics, interactive maps, charts and tables - 39 superb animation sequences - 45 minutes of clear audio examples - Key word, Boolean and context relevant searching

0.010544192 = product of:
  0.05272096 = sum of:
    0.05272096 = weight(_text_:system in 3581) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.05272096 = score(doc=3581,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.13391352 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.1495528 = idf(docFreq=5152, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04251826 = queryNorm
        0.3936941 = fieldWeight in 3581, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          3.1495528 = idf(docFreq=5152, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3581)
  0.2 = coord(1/5)

Abstract

Oekonomische Encyklopädie oder allgemeines System der Staats- Stadt- Haus- und Landwirthschaft ist der Titel einer der umfangreichsten Enzyklopädien des deutschen Sprachraums. Das von J. G. Krünitz begründete Werk erschien 1773 bis 1858 in 242 Bänden und stellt eine der wichtigsten deutschsprachigen wissenschaftsgeschichtlichen Quellen für die Zeit des Wandels zur Industriegesellschaft dar. Das lexikalisch-alphabetisch aufgebaute Gesamtwerk umfasst rund 169.400 Seiten in 242 Bänden, die einzelnen Bände haben zwischen rund 600 und mehr als 900 Seiten.

0.008069678 = product of:
  0.040348392 = sum of:
    0.040348392 = weight(_text_:context in 2415) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.040348392 = score(doc=2415,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.17622331 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.14465 = idf(docFreq=1904, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04251826 = queryNorm
        0.22896172 = fieldWeight in 2415, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.14465 = idf(docFreq=1904, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2415)
  0.2 = coord(1/5)

Abstract

Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the perfect answer to every reference need. Utilizing the resources of more than one hundred years of dictionary publishing, this single volume work covers the current vocabulary of standard written and spoken English as well as incorporating many scientific and technical terms. The easy-to-understand, concise definitions were compiled under the direction of the Webster's staff of lexicographers, assuring both accuracy and clarity. Each word has been thoroughly researched to ensure that the dictionary meets its aims of correctness and comprehensiveness. Each term is defined at its own place in the alphabet with completely analytical one-phrase definitions. A pronunciation guide for standard American usage and etymologies of many words are also included. This unabridged version contains over 450,000 entries. More than 10 million sources were consulted for examples of usage, over 14,000 different authors are quoted, and thousands of verbal illustrations from the mid-twentieth century are presented to show words in context. In addition, the dictionary includes numerous tables for weights and measurements, chemical elements, mathematical formulas, and much more. Several full-page illustrations are also provided to assist the reader in understanding such diverse topics as the human body, star constellations, and the color spectrum. Unmatched in scope and quality, featuring a handsome text design and a sturdy binding made to endure long and frequent use, this Webster's Third New International Dictionary truly fulfills the needs for an accurate, clear, and comprehensive understanding of the English vocabulary in today's society.

0.007672675 = product of:
  0.038363375 = sum of:
    0.038363375 = product of:
      0.11509012 = sum of:
        0.11509012 = weight(_text_:29 in 5981) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.11509012 = score(doc=5981,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.14956595 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04251826 = queryNorm
            0.7694941 = fieldWeight in 5981, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
              0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5981)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.2 = coord(1/5)

Date

25.11.1995 12:29:09
12. 2.2006 19:29:36

0.0071760663 = product of:
  0.03588033 = sum of:
    0.03588033 = weight(_text_:index in 1293) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.03588033 = score(doc=1293,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.18579477 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04251826 = queryNorm
        0.1931181 = fieldWeight in 1293, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1293)
  0.2 = coord(1/5)

Abstract

The International Encyclopedia of Information and Library Science was first published in 1997, and has become the major reference work in its field. This thoroughly revised and updated edition takes full account of the radical changes which have taken place since it was originally conceived. With almost 600 A-Z entries, written by a global team of over 180 contributors, the subject matter ranges from mobile library services provided by camel and donkey transport to search engines, portals and the World Wide Web. The entries fall into four categories: - Conceptual entries explore and explicate all the major issues, theories and activities in information and library science, such as the economics of information and information management. Key features of this edition include a wholly new entry an information systems, and enhanced entries an the information professions and the information society. - Topical entries deal with more specific subjects, such as collection management and information services for minority groups. New or completely revised entries include a group of entries an information law, and a collection of entries an the Internet, the World Wide Web and the theory and application of information systems. - Terminological entries define key terms in the field: from 'almanac' to 'workstation', 'information architecture' to 'spam'. - Biographical entries examine the life and work of key figures for information and library science - such as Turing, Gadamer, Gutenberg, Leibniz and Dewey - many of whom have become synonymous with the contributions which they have made to the discipline. All the longer entries are fully supported by references and suggestions for further reading. And with its comprehensive index and substantial cross-referencing, this new edition of the International Encyclopedia of Information and Library Science is destined to remain an invaluable tool both for reference and as a starting point for more in-depth study.

0.0071760663 = product of:
  0.03588033 = sum of:
    0.03588033 = weight(_text_:index in 4618) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.03588033 = score(doc=4618,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.18579477 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04251826 = queryNorm
        0.1931181 = fieldWeight in 4618, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.369764 = idf(docFreq=1520, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=4618)
  0.2 = coord(1/5)

Footnote

. . . To summarize, as usual the List continues to provide complete guidance for the subject cataloguers for the maintenance of catalogues, for addition of new headings, and revision of the old ones. Its Introduction is clear and well illustrated, so much so that not only it is an illustrated operational manual to the Sears but also a concise textbook to teach principles and theory of the subject headings. Due to its affordable price and portability it is used to teach basics of subject headings in first year of Knowledge Organization courses. It also acts as an excellent and easy index to the DDC (Weihs 2004). The new edition should be welcome both for subject cataloguers and for teachers of subject cataloguing work."