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Abstract

Definition and Scope For the purpose of this reader, subject analysis is understood to encompass vocabulary structuring and subject indexing. Vocabulary structuring refers to the constructing of tools, such as classifications, subject heading lists, and thesauri, designed to facilitate the organization and retrieval of information. These tools, though called by different names, are similar in that they structure or control the basic vocabulary of a subject index language by 1) stipulating terms that may be used in the classing or indexing of documents and 2) displaying semantic relationships, such as hierarchy and synonymy, that obtain between these terms. They differ in the kinds of terms and relationships they recognize and in the manner in which these are displayed. Subject indexing refers to the application of a vocabulary, which may be more or less well structured, to indicate the content or aboutness of documents. Traditionally subject indexing limits its domain to only certain types of documents, such as passages within books (back-of-book indexing) or periodical articles, and the expression it uses to only certain types of strings, for example, descriptors or index terms as opposed to subject headings or class numbers. However, in a generalized and more modern sense, subject indexing refers to the indication of the theme or topic of any document, indeed any retrieval artifact, by any meaningful string of alphanumeric characters. The value of construing the meaning of subject analysis broadly is threefold: it permits comparing a variety of approaches to subject analysis; it permits generalizing about these approaches at a relatively high descriptive level, so that principles and objectives are shown in relief; and, most importantly perhaps, it permits a unified view of the traditional and information scientific approaches to subject analysis.

Content

Eine exzellente (und durch die Herausgeber kommentierte) Zusammenstellung und Wiedergabe folgender Originalbeiträge: CUTTER, C.A.: Subjects; DEWEY, M.: Decimal classification and relativ index: introduction; HOPWOOD, H.V.: Dewey expanded; HULME, E.W.: Principles of book classification; KAISER, J.O.: Systematic indexing; MARTEL, C.: Classification: a brief conspectus of present day library practice; BLISS, H.E.: A bibliographic classification: principles and definitions; RANGANATHAN, S.R.: Facet analysis: fundamental categories; PETTEE, J.: The subject approach to books and the development of the dictionary catalog; PETTEE, J.: Fundamental principles of the dictionary catalog; PETTEE, J.: Public libraries and libraries as purveyors of information; HAYKIN, D.J.: Subject headings: fundamental concepts; TAUBE, M.: Functional approach to bibliographic organization: a critique and a proposal; VICKERY, B.C.: Systematic subject indexing; FEIBLEMAN, J.K.: Theory of integrative levels; GARFIELD, E.: Citation indexes for science; CRG: The need for a faceted classification as the basis of all methods of information retrieval; LUHN, H.P.: Keyword-in-context index for technical literature; COATES, E.J.: Significance and term relationship in compound headings; FARRADANE, J.E.L.: Fundamental fallacies and new needs in classification; FOSKETT, D.J.: Classification and integrative levels; CLEVERDON, C.W. u. J. MILLS: The testing of index language devices; MOOERS, C.N.: The indexing language of an information retrieval system; NEEDHAM, R.M. u. K. SPARCK JONES: Keywords and clumps; ROLLING, L.: The role of graphic display of concept relationships in indexing and retrieval vocabularies; BORKO, H.: Research in computer based classification systems; WILSON, P.: Subjects and the sense of position; LANCASTER, F.W.: Evaluating the performance of a large computerized information system; SALTON, G.: Automatic processing of foreign language documents; FAIRTHORNE, R.A.: Temporal structure in bibliographic classification; AUSTIN, D. u. J.A. DIGGER: PRECIS: The Preserved Context Index System; FUGMANN, R.: The complementarity of natural and indexing languages

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Content

Enthält die u.a. die Beiträge: DEWEY, M.: Catalogs and cataloging; BLISS, H.E.: Principles and definitions; LaMONTAGNE, L.E.: Historical background of classification; RICHARDSON, E.C.: Classification: theoretical and practical; RANGANATHAN, S.R.: Library classification as a discipline; SHARP, J.: Classification; SHERA, J.H. Classification: current functions and applications to the subject analysis of library materials; SAYERS, W.C.B.: The nature and purpose of classification; DEWEY, M.: Decimal classification and relativ index; MILLS, J.: Classification as an indexing device; RICHMOND, P.A.: The future of generalized systems of classification; PAINTER, A.F.: Modern classification theory; VICKERY,: Faceted classification schemes; BORKO, H.: Research in automatic generations of classification systems; FARRADANE, J.: Classification and mechanical selection; RICHMOND, P.A.: Some aspects of basic research in classification; RICHMOND, P.A.: Transformation and organization of information content: aspects of recent research in the art and science of classification; STROUT, R.F.: Development of the catalog and cataloging codes; CUTTER, C.A.: Library catalogs; CUTTER, C.A.: Rules for a dictionary catalog; LUBETSKY, S.: Design for a code; JOLLEY, L.: The function of the catalog; WEBER, D.C.: The changing character of the catalog in America; COOPER, W.S.: The potential usefulness of the catalog access points other than author, title and subject

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: WELLISCH, H.H.: Subject retrieval in the seventies: methods, problems, prospects; GROLIER, E. de: Recent research trends in the field of information retrieval languages; SOERGEL, D.: A general model for indexing languages: the basis for compatibility and integration; WILSON, T.D.: The work of the British Classification Research Group; AITCHISON, J.: Thesaurofacet: a new concept in subject retrieval schemes; AUSTIN, D.: The PRECIS system for computer-generated indexes and its use in the British National Bibliography; LLOYD, G.A.: The Universal Decimal Classification as an international switching language; RIGBY, M.: The UDC in mechanized subject information retrieval; ANGELL, R.S.: Library of Congress Subject Headings: review and forecast

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Abstract

Organizing is such a common activity that we often do it without thinking much about it. In our daily lives we organize physical things--books on shelves, cutlery in kitchen drawers--and digital things--Web pages, MP3 files, scientific datasets. Millions of people create and browse Web sites, blog, tag, tweet, and upload and download content of all media types without thinking "I'm organizing now" or "I'm retrieving now." This book offers a framework for the theory and practice of organizing that integrates information organization (IO) and information retrieval (IR), bridging the disciplinary chasms between Library and Information Science and Computer Science, each of which views and teaches IO and IR as separate topics and in substantially different ways. It introduces the unifying concept of an Organizing System--an intentionally arranged collection of resources and the interactions they support--and then explains the key concepts and challenges in the design and deployment of Organizing Systems in many domains, including libraries, museums, business information systems, personal information management, and social computing. Intended for classroom use or as a professional reference, the book covers the activities common to all organizing systems: identifying resources to be organized; organizing resources by describing and classifying them; designing resource-based interactions; and maintaining resources and organization over time. The book is extensively annotated with disciplinary-specific notes to ground it with relevant concepts and references of library science, computing, cognitive science, law, and business.

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Date

29. 1.2011 17:53:25