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Abstract

In this paper we discuss some ethical issues and challenges of the use of algorithms on the web from the perspective of knowledge organization. We review some of the problems that these algorithms and the filter bubbles pose for the users. We contextualize these issues within the user-based approaches to knowledge organization in a larger sense. We review some of the technologies that have been developed to counter these problems as well as initiatives from the knowledge organization field. We conclude with the necessity of adopting a critical and ethical stance towards the use of algorithms on the web and the need for an education in knowledge organization that addresses these issues.

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Abstract

Personal data play a fundamental role in contemporary socioeconomic dynamics, with one of its primary aspects being the potential to facilitate discriminatory situations. This situation impacts the knowledge organization field especially because it considers personal data as elements (facets) to categorize persons under an economic and sometimes discriminatory perspective. The research corpus was collected at Scopus and Web of Science until the end of 2021, under the terms "data discrimination", "algorithmic bias", "algorithmic discrimination" and "fair algorithms". The obtained results allowed to infer that the analyzed knowledge domain predominantly incorporates personal data, whether in its behavioral dimension or in the scope of the so-called sensitive data. These data are susceptible to the action of algorithms of different orders, such as relevance, filtering, predictive, social ranking, content recommendation and random classification. Such algorithms can have discriminatory biases in their programming related to gender, sexual orientation, race, nationality, religion, age, social class, socioeconomic profile, physical appearance, and political positioning.

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Content

Vorwort -- 1. Das digitale Zeitalter -- Zeitenwende -- Die Vorherrschaft des Buchdrucks geht zu Ende -- Wann beginnt das digitale Zeitalter? -- 2. Zwischen Euphorie und Apokalypse -- Digitalisierung. Einfach. Machen -- Euphorie -- Apokalypse -- Verantwortungsethik -- Der Mensch als Subjekt der Ethik -- Verantwortung als Prinzip -- 3. Digitalisierter Alltag in einer globalisierten Welt -- Vom World Wide Web zum Internet der Dinge -- Mobiles Internet und digitale Bildung -- Digitale Plattformen und ihre Strategien -- Big Data und informationelle Selbstbestimmung -- 4. Grenzüberschreitungen -- Die Erosion des Privaten -- Die Deformation des Öffentlichen -- Die Senkung von Hemmschwellen -- Das Verschwinden der Wirklichkeit -- Die Wahrheit in der Infosphäre -- 5. Die Zukunft der Arbeit -- Industrielle Revolutionen -- Arbeit 4.0 -- Ethik 4.0 -- 6. Digitale Intelligenz -- Können Computer dichten? -- Stärker als der Mensch? -- Maschinelles Lernen -- Ein bleibender Unterschied -- Ethische Prinzipien für den Umgang mit digitaler Intelligenz -- Medizin als Beispiel -- 7. Die Würde des Menschen im digitalen Zeitalter -- Kränkungen oder Revolutionen -- Transhumanismus und Posthumanismus -- Gibt es Empathie ohne Menschen? -- Wer ist autonom: Mensch oder Maschine? -- Humanismus der Verantwortung -- 8. Die Zukunft des Homo sapiens -- Vergöttlichung des Menschen -- Homo deus -- Gott und Mensch im digitalen Zeitalter -- Veränderung der Menschheit -- Literatur -- Personenregister.