Literatur zur Informationserschließung

Diese Datenbank enthält über 40.000 Dokumente zu Themen aus den Bereichen Formalerschließung – Inhaltserschließung – Information Retrieval.

© 2015 W. Gödert, TH Köln, Institut für Informationswissenschaft / Powered by litecat, BIS Oldenburg (Stand: 04. Juni 2021)

Suchergebnisse

• 1
  Ayobami Akinruli, S. ; Campos Akinruli, L.C.M.: Memories in dispute, and reconfigurations of cultural heritage : for an ethnography of museums.
  In: Challenges and opportunities for knowledge organization in the digital age: proceedings of the Fifteenth International ISKO Conference, 9-11 July 2018, Porto, Portugal / organized by: International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO), ISKO Spain and Portugal Chapter, University of Porto - Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Research Centre in Communication, Information and Digital Culture (CIC.digital) - Porto. Eds.: F. Ribeiro u. M.E. Cerveira. Baden-Baden : Ergon Verlag, 2018. S.848-855.
  (Advances in knowledge organization; vol.16)
  
  Anwendungsfeld: Museen
  
  
• 2
  Ru, C. ; Tang, J. ; Li, S. ; Xie, S. ; Wang, T.: Using semantic similarity to reduce wrong labels in distant supervision for relation extraction.
  In: Information processing and management. 54(2018) no.4, S.593-608.
  
  Abstract: Distant supervision (DS) has the advantage of automatically generating large amounts of labelled training data and has been widely used for relation extraction. However, there are usually many wrong labels in the automatically labelled data in distant supervision (Riedel, Yao, & McCallum, 2010). This paper presents a novel method to reduce the wrong labels. The proposed method uses the semantic Jaccard with word embedding to measure the semantic similarity between the relation phrase in the knowledge base and the dependency phrases between two entities in a sentence to filter the wrong labels. In the process of reducing wrong labels, the semantic Jaccard algorithm selects a core dependency phrase to represent the candidate relation in a sentence, which can capture features for relation classification and avoid the negative impact from irrelevant term sequences that previous neural network models of relation extraction often suffer. In the process of relation classification, the core dependency phrases are also used as the input of a convolutional neural network (CNN) for relation classification. The experimental results show that compared with the methods using original DS data, the methods using filtered DS data performed much better in relation extraction. It indicates that the semantic similarity based method is effective in reducing wrong labels. The relation extraction performance of the CNN model using the core dependency phrases as input is the best of all, which indicates that using the core dependency phrases as input of CNN is enough to capture the features for relation classification and could avoid negative impact from irrelevant terms.
  
  Inhalt: Vgl.: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2018.04.002.
  
  Themenfeld: Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval ; Automatisches Klassifizieren
  
  
• 3
  Beslon, G. ; Grauwin, S. ; Fleury, É. ; Franceschelli, S. ; Robardet, C. ; Rouquier, J.-B. ; Jensen, P.: Complex systems science : dreams of universality, interdisciplinarity reality.
  In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 63(2012) no.7, S.1327-1338.
  
  Abstract: Using a large database (~215,000 records) of relevant articles, we empirically study the complex systems field and its claims to find universal principles applying to systems in general. The study of references shared by the articles allows us to obtain a global point of view on the structure of this highly interdisciplinary field. We show that its overall coherence does not arise from a universal theory, but instead from computational techniques and fruitful adaptations of the idea of self-organization to specific systems. We also find that communication between different disciplines goes through specific "trading zones," i.e., subcommunities that create an interface around specific tools (a DNA microchip) or concepts (a network).
  
  
  
• 4
  Khazraee, E. ; Moaddeli, S. ; Sanjari, A. ; Shakeri, S.: EIAH data model : semantic interoperability among distributed digital repositories.
  In: Aslib proceedings. 63(2011) no.1, S.46-56.
  
  Abstract: Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide a clear image of the information architecture used in the Encyclopedia of Iranian Architectural History (EIAH) and to show how it was crafted to meet the need for accessibility, expressiveness and interoperability. Design/methodology/approach - In order to assess the level of interoperability in the system, two essential concepts of the system are identified and traced in every level of the three-layer information architecture. Federated repositories are studied for the level of accessibility that they can offer. Knowledge representation level, mediator level and the semantic portal are studied for expressiveness capabilities. Findings - EIAH information architecture is capable of establishing links among resources available in the information pools connected to the system by using EIAH metadata application profile (EMAP). Different modules in this architecture, which are localized for the Persian language, can work on similar environments for other languages, for example Arabic. Originality/value - EIAH is the first example of a digital encyclopedia for the history of Iranian architecture, which is basically different from other digital encyclopedias in the way that it offers information to users. EIAH is aimed at domain experts and provides them not with pre-written and quality articles but with a wide range of resources and documents relative to what they are seeking.
  
  Themenfeld: Semantische Interoperabilität
  Objekt: Encyclopedia of Iranian Architectural History
  
  
• 5
  Ouyang, Y. ; Li, W. ; Li, S. ; Lu, Q.: Intertopic information mining for query-based summarization.
  In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 61(2010) no.5, S.1062-1072.
  
  Abstract: In this article, the authors address the problem of sentence ranking in summarization. Although most existing summarization approaches are concerned with the information embodied in a particular topic (including a set of documents and an associated query) for sentence ranking, they propose a novel ranking approach that incorporates intertopic information mining. Intertopic information, in contrast to intratopic information, is able to reveal pairwise topic relationships and thus can be considered as the bridge across different topics. In this article, the intertopic information is used for transferring word importance learned from known topics to unknown topics under a learning-based summarization framework. To mine this information, the authors model the topic relationship by clustering all the words in both known and unknown topics according to various kinds of word conceptual labels, which indicate the roles of the words in the topic. Based on the mined relationships, we develop a probabilistic model using manually generated summaries provided for known topics to predict ranking scores for sentences in unknown topics. A series of experiments have been conducted on the Document Understanding Conference (DUC) 2006 data set. The evaluation results show that intertopic information is indeed effective for sentence ranking and the resultant summarization system performs comparably well to the best-performing DUC participating systems on the same data set.
  
  Themenfeld: Automatisches Abstracting
  
  
• 6
  Raban, D.R. ; Rafaeli, S.: ¬The effect of source nature and status on the subjective value of information.
  In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57(2006) no.3, S.321-329.
  
  Abstract: This is an empirical, experimental investigation of the value of information, as perceived through the willingness to purchase information (WTP) and the willingness to sell it (accept payment, WTA). We examined the effects of source nature: expertise versus content, and source status: copy versus exclusive original of information on the WTA-WTP ratio. In an animated computer simulation of a business game, players could maximize their profits by making choices regarding inventory and prices. Participants were offered the chance to bid for buying or selling information regarding the weather that may affect demand. We find, as hypothesized, that the subjective value of information does indeed follow the predictions of endowment effect theory. The ratio of willingness to accept to willingness to purchase (WTA-WTP) recorded for the 294 subjects resembles the ratio common for private goods, rather than the intuitively expected unity. The WTA-WTP ratios diverged from unity more often and in a more pronounced manner for information traded in the original form rather than as a copy of the original, although even for copies the WTA-WTP ratio is still double. The results yield a value of about three for the WTA-WTP ratio for original information whether the source is content or expertise. Copy information received a subjective value that was significantly different (lower) than original information. The implications for both online trading and online sharing of information are discussed.
  
  Themenfeld: Information
  
  
• 7
  Li, S. ; Lee, M.-C. ; Adjeroh, D.: Effective invariant features for shape-based image retrieval.
  In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 56(2005) no.7, S.729-740.
  
  Abstract: The success of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) relies critically an the ability to find effective image features to represent the database images. The shape of an object is a fundamental image feature and belongs to one of the most important image features used in CBIR. In this article we propose a robust and effective shape feature known as the compound image descriptor (CID), which combines the Fourier transform (FT) magnitude and phase coefficients with the global features. The underlying FT coefficients have been shown analytically to be invariant to rotation, translation, and scaling. We also present details of the underlying innovative shape feature extraction method. The global features, besides being incorporated with the FT coefficients to form the CID, are also used to filter out the highly dissimilar images during the image retrieval process. Thus, they serve a dual purpose of improving the accuracy and hence the robustness of the shape descriptor, and of speeding up the retrieval process, leading to a reduced query response time. Experiment results show that the proposed shape descriptor is, in general, robust to changes caused by image shape rotation, translation, and/or scaling. It also outperforms other recently published proposals, such as the generic Fourier descriptor (Zhang & Lu, 2002).
  
  Behandelte Form: Bilder
  Objekt: CBIR
  
  
• 8
  Vitali, S.: Authority control of creators and the second edition of ISAAR(CPF), International Standard Archival Authority Record for Corporate Bodies, Persons, and Families.
  In: Cataloging and classification quarterly. 38(2004) nos.3/4, S.xx-xx.
  
  Abstract: The International Standard Archival Authority Record (Corporate Bodies, Persons, Families), ISAAR(CPF) is a standard developed by the International Council on Archives for the management of creators of archives in archival descriptive systems. Since 2001, ISAAR(CPF) has been undergoing a revision process which will conclude at the next International Congress of Archives in Vienna in August 2004 when a second edition of the standard will be issued. The draft of the new edition of the standard, prepared by the Committee on Descriptive Standards, contains various changes in comparison with the first edition. The paper describes these changes, discussing their theoretical relevance, methodological implications, and practical consequences in archival descriptive systems. It focuses in particular on the new features of ISAAR(CPF) which enhance the possibility of establishing relationships between archival description systems and bibliographic catalogues, sharing or exchanging authority data on corporate bodies, persons, and families which are creators of archives or responsible for the creation or edition of books.
  
  Anmerkung: Beitrag in einem Themenheft "Authority control: definition and international experience. Part I"
  
  Themenfeld: Formalerschließung
  Objekt: ISAAR(CPF)
  
  
• 9
  Mirabella, V. ; Kimani, S. ; Gabrielli, S. ; Catarci, T.: Accessible e-learning material: a no-frills avenue for didactical experts.
  In: New review of hypermedia and multimedia. 10(2004) no.2, S.165-180.
  
  Abstract: Different organizations adopt accessibility for various and diverse reasons. Interesting and inspiring as such reasons may be, it is important to ensure that the motivation for supporting accessibility is that it is the right thing to do, i.e. a commitment to the provision of equal opportunities for accessing resources for people with special needs. Among the various efforts for supporting the development of accessible e-learning material, most of them propose guidelines that prevalently address technical accessibility issues (such as the format and navigation of learning material) with little or no consideration for the didactical experts, and thus their didactical experience, in developing learning material. Moreover, the aforementioned guidelines tend to provide generic indications on alternative forms of didactical content for equivalent access to it. None the less, the sole provision of equivalent forms does not guarantee the retention of desirable user interface aspects and may therefore have a negative impact on learning effectiveness. While this paper acknowledges the role of such guidelines, it does propose that the didactical experts be provided with a non-technical recourse, improving their development of accessible e-learning content. By tapping into the experience of the didactical experts, this work provides them with an avenue leading to enhance the accessibility of e-learning material.
  
  Themenfeld: Computer Based Training
  
  
• 10
  Heine, E.V.I. ; Stock, W.G. ; Oglou, Y.A. ; Hackel, M. ; Krasic, A. ; Quack, S. ; Rode, N. ; Burghardt, S. ; Manalodiparambil, M. ; Röttger, M. ; Schönhalz, D. ; Valder, A. ; Kühn, K. ; Bachmaier, K. ; Disli, S. ; Punner, M. ; Sabbagh, M. ; Ströbele, U. ; Bogen, C. ; Rauter, J. ; Schowe, K. ; Steffen J. ; Wiese, S. ; Rohmen, S. ; Wurzler, M. ; Bülow, G. ; Pudelko, F. ; Roelvink, V. ; Adjei-Kwarteng, C. ; Jovanovic, M. ; Kosmidou, M. ; Hedwing, M.: Usability von Navigationssystemen im E-Commerce und bei informativen Websites - des Nutzers Odyssee.
  In: Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 54(2003) H.7, S.405-414.
  
  Abstract: In einer empirischen Usability-Untersuchung wird die mittlere Güte der Navigationssysteme deutschsprachiger Websites im E-Commerce (Otto, Quelle, Amazon, eBay) sowie von informativen Websites (HWWA, Landtag NRW, Europäische Union, Kartoo) erfasst. Eingesetzt werden die Methoden des aufgabenbezogenen Nutzertests und der heuristischen Evaluation.
  
  Inhalt: ""Kein Grundstück der Welt ist so wertvoll wie eine Homepage", denn diese ist "zugleich das Gesicht, das ein Unternehmen der Welt zeigt" (Nielsen 1999). Die Homepage ist die erste Möglichkeit, die ein potenzieller Kunde oder gewünschter Lieferant wahrnimmt, um sich ein Bild über ein Unternehmen zu verschaffen "ehe sie sich auf ein Geschäft einlassen" (ebd.). Hier wird der Grundstein für zukünftige Geschäfte gelegt, unabhängig davon ob dies "nun online geschieht oder in der realen Welt" (ebd.). Die Website stellt demnach die erste Verbindung zu unterschiedlichsten Interessenten, Kunden und Lieferanten dar, wird somit zu einem Kommunikations- und Werbemedium. Deshalb ist es umso wichtiger, dass sich Benutzer auf sämtlichen Seiten einer Homepage zurecht finden, diese imstande ist, "die Bedürfnisse der Benutzer zu erfüllen" (ebd.), dass sie benutzerfähig und benutzerfreundlich ist. Diese Arbeit analysiert die Usability, d. h. die Benutzerfreundlichkeit und die Benutzbarkeit der deutschsprachigen Webauftritte der nachfolgenden Unternehmen bzw. Institutionen (nach Themenbereichen gegliedert), nicht nach künstlerischen, sondern nach funktionalen Kriterien: - Kataloge im E-Commerce: Otto (www.otto.de); Quelle (www.quelle.de); Amazon (www.amazon.de); eBay (www.eBay.de) - Informative Websites: HWWA (www.hwwa.de); Landtag NRW (www.landtag.nrw.de); Europäische Union (europa.eu.int); Kartoo Metasuchmaschine (www.kartoo.com). Von den unterschiedlichen Zielen der diversen Websites ausgehend wird untersucht, ob sich der alltägliche Web-Surfer, nachfolgend als "Otto Normalsurfer" gekennzeichnet, auf den einzelnen Webseiten zurecht findet, ob sein Informationsbedarf gedeckt und das Bedürfnis, sowohl nach allgemeiner als auch spezifischer Information befriedigt werden kann. Es geht demnach konkret um die Web-Zufriedenheit der Surfer, Mängel der Websites bezüglich Benutzerfreundlichkeit, des Designs und fehlende "Corporate Identity" aufzuzeigen und somit die Web-Usability der Websites zu vergleichen. Insbesondere das vergleichende Vorgehen im Anschluss an aufgabenbezogene Nutzertests sind wissenschaftliches Neuland."
  
  Themenfeld: Internet ; Suchoberflächen
  
  
• 11
  Santoro, M. ; Spinelli, S.: Non solo numeri.
  In: Biblioteche oggi. 13(1995) no.4, S.24-27.
  
  Abstract: The interfaculty centre of Bologna University began 2 years ago a project to 'translate' UDC codes into a user friendly thesaurus, with the object of creating an accurate, easy to use tool for online researches, especially those relating to periodical titles. The UDC numerical codes have been linked by a method based on synonyms to a series of corresponding verbal indices which express in natural language the concepts expressed by the codes. Thus researchers can retrieve information not only through UDC codes but also through their analogous verbal descriptors. Describes the progress of the UDC project so far, and some problems encountered
  
  Anmerkung: Not only numbers
  
  Themenfeld: Klassifikationssysteme im Online-Retrieval
  Objekt: UDC
  
  
• 12
  Koelbing, H.G. ; Mangold-Allwinn, R. ; Barattelli, S.: Wie beeinflußt der Ausführende den Instruierenden? : Zum Einfluß eines anwesenden Partners auf die Wahl von Objektreferenzen in Instruktionstexten.
  Mannheim : Universität, 1994. 42 S.
  (Arbeiten aus dem Sonderforschungsbereich 245 'Sprache und Situation' Heidelberg/Mannheim; 85)
  
  Themenfeld: Information
  
  
• 13
  Peruginelli, S. ; Bergamin, G. ; Ammendola, P.: Character sets : towards a standard solution?.
  In: Program. 28(1992), S.215-223.
  
  
  
• 14
  Ali, S.N. -> Nazim, A.S.:
  
  
  
  
• 15
  Akinruli, S. Ayobami = > Ayobami Akinruli, S.: