Literatur zur Informationserschließung

Diese Datenbank enthält über 40.000 Dokumente zu Themen aus den Bereichen Formalerschließung – Inhaltserschließung – Information Retrieval.

© 2015 W. Gödert, TH Köln, Institut für Informationswissenschaft / Powered by litecat, BIS Oldenburg (Stand: 28. April 2022)

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• 1
  Machado, L.M.O.: Ontologies in knowledge organization.
  In: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348881345_Ontologies_in_Knowledge_Organization.
  
  Abstract: Within the knowledge organization systems (KOS) set, the term "ontology" is paradigmatic of the terminological ambiguity in different typologies. Contributing to this situation is the indiscriminate association of the term "ontology", both as a specific type of KOS and as a process of categorization, due to the interdisciplinary use of the term with different meanings. We present a systematization of the perspectives of different authors of ontologies, as representational artifacts, seeking to contribute to terminological clarification. Focusing the analysis on the intention, semantics and modulation of ontologies, it was possible to notice two broad perspectives regarding ontologies as artifacts that coexist in the knowledge organization systems spectrum. We have ontologies viewed, on the one hand, as an evolution in terms of complexity of traditional conceptual systems, and on the other hand, as a system that organizes ontological rather than epistemological knowledge. The focus of ontological analysis is the item to model and not the intentions that motivate the construction of the system.
  
  Inhalt: DOI: 10.3390/encyclopedia1010015.
  
  Themenfeld: Wissensrepräsentation
  
  
• 2
  Simoes, G. ; Machado, L. ; Gnoli, C. ; Souza, R.: Can an ontologically-oriented KO do without concepts?.
  In: Knowledge Organization at the Interface. Proceedings of the Sixteenth International ISKO Conference, 2020 Aalborg, Denmark. Ed.: M. Lykke et al. Baden-Baden : Ergon, 2020. S.502-506.
  (Advances in knowledge organization; vol.17)
  
  Abstract: The ontological approach in the development of KOS is an attempt to overcome the limitations of the traditional epistemological approach. Questions raise about the representation and organization of ontologically-oriented KO units, such as BFO universals or ILC phenomena. The study aims to compare the ontological approaches of BFO and ILC using a hermeneutic approach. We found that the differences between the units of the two systems are primarily due to the formal level of abstraction of BFO and the different organizations, namely the grouping of phenomena into ILC classes that represent complex compounds of entities in the BFO approach. In both systems the use of concepts is considered instrumental, although in the ILC they constitute the intersubjective component of the phenomena whereas in BFO they serve to access the entities of reality but are not part of them.
  
  Inhalt: 10.5771/9783956507762-502. Vgl. auch: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347283092_Can_an_Ontologically-Oriented_KO_Do_Without_Concepts.
  
  Themenfeld: Wissensrepräsentation ; Begriffstheorie
  
  
• 3
  Oliveira Machado, L.M. ; Barcellos Almeida, M. ; Souza, R.R.: What researchers are currently saying about ontologies : a review of recent Web of Science articles.
  In: Knowledge organization. 47(2020) no.3, S.199-219.
  
  Abstract: Traditionally connected to philosophy, the term ontology is increasingly related to information systems areas. Some researchers consider the approaches of the two disciplinary contexts to be completely different. Others consider that, although different, they should talk to each other, as both seek to answer similar questions. With the extensive literature on this topic, we intend to contribute to the understanding of the use of the term ontology in current research and which references support this use. An exploratory study was developed with a mixed methodology and a sample collected from the Web of Science of articles publishe in 2018. The results show the current prevalence of computer science in studies related to ontology and also of Gruber's view suggesting ontology as kind of conceptualization, a dominant view in that field. Some researchers, particularly in the field of biomedicine, do not adhere to this dominant view but to another one that seems closer to ontological study in the philosophical context. The term ontology, in the context of information systems, appears to be consolidating with a meaning different from the original, presenting traces of the process of "metaphorization" in the transfer of the term between the two fields of study.
  
  Inhalt: DOI:10.5771/0943-7444-2020-3-199.
  
  Themenfeld: Wissensrepräsentation
  
  
• 4
  Oliveira Machado, L.M. ; Souza, R.R. ; Simões, M. da Graça: Semantic web or web of data? : a diachronic study (1999 to 2017) of the publications of Tim Berners-Lee and the World Wide Web Consortium.
  In: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 70(2019) no.7, S.701-714.
  
  Abstract: The web has been, in the last decades, the place where information retrieval achieved its maximum importance, given its ubiquity and the sheer volume of information. However, its exponential growth made the retrieval task increasingly hard, relying in its effectiveness on idiosyncratic and somewhat biased ranking algorithms. To deal with this problem, a "new" web, called the Semantic Web (SW), was proposed, bringing along concepts like "Web of Data" and "Linked Data," although the definitions and connections among these concepts are often unclear. Based on a qualitative approach built over a literature review, a definition of SW is presented, discussing the related concepts sometimes used as synonyms. It concludes that the SW is a comprehensive and ambitious construct that includes the great purpose of making the web a global database. It also follows the specifications developed and/or associated with its operationalization and the necessary procedures for the connection of data in an open format on the web. The goals of this comprehensive SW are the union of two outcomes still tenuously connected: the virtually unlimited possibility of connections between data-the web domain-with the potentiality of the automated inference of "intelligent" systems-the semantic component.
  
  Inhalt: Vgl.: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.24111.
  
  Themenfeld: Semantic Web ; Internet
  
  
• 5
  Machado, L.M.O. ; Martínez-Ávila, D. ; Simões, M.da Graça de Melo: Concept theory in library and information science : an epistemological analysis.
  In: Journal of documentation. 75(2019) no.4, S.876-891.
  
  Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the literature on concept theory in library and information science (LIS) from an epistemological perspective, ascribing each paper to an epistemological family and discussing their relevance in the context of the knowledge organization (KO) domain. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts a hermeneutic approach for the analysis of the texts that compose the corpus of study following contingency and categorical analyses. More specifically, the paper works with Bardin's contingency analysis and follows Hjørland's families of epistemologies for the categorization. Findings The analysis corroborates the observations made for the last ten years about the scarcity of studies on concept theory in LIS and KO. However, the study also reveals an epistemological turn on concept theory since 2009 that could be considered a departure from the rationalist views that dominated the field and a continuation of a broader paradigm shift in LIS and KO. All analyzed papers except two follow pragmatist or historicist approaches. Originality/value This paper follows-up and systematizes the contributions to the LIS and KO fields on concept theory mainly during the last decade. The epistemological analysis reveals the dominant views in this paradigm shift and the main authors and trends that are present in the LIS literature on concept theory.
  
  Inhalt: Vgl.: https://doi.org/10.1108/JD-11-2018-0195.
  
  Themenfeld: Begriffstheorie
  Wissenschaftsfach: Bibliothekswesen ; Informationswissenschaft
  
  
• 6
  Simões, M. da Graça ; Machado, L.M. ; Souza, R.R. ; Barcellos Almeida, M. ; Tavares Lopes, A.: Automatic indexing and ontologies : the consistency of research chronology and authoring in the context of Information Science.
  In: Challenges and opportunities for knowledge organization in the digital age: proceedings of the Fifteenth International ISKO Conference, 9-11 July 2018, Porto, Portugal / organized by: International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO), ISKO Spain and Portugal Chapter, University of Porto - Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Research Centre in Communication, Information and Digital Culture (CIC.digital) - Porto. Eds.: F. Ribeiro u. M.E. Cerveira. Baden-Baden : Ergon Verlag, 2018. S.86-94.
  (Advances in knowledge organization; vol.16)
  
  Anmerkung: U.d.T. 'Indexação automática e ontologias: identificação dos contributos convergentes na ciência da informação' in: Ciência da Informação 46(2017) no.1, S.152-162.
  
  Themenfeld: Automatisches Indexieren ; Wissensrepräsentation