Literatur zur Informationserschließung

Diese Datenbank enthält über 40.000 Dokumente zu Themen aus den Bereichen Formalerschließung – Inhaltserschließung – Information Retrieval.

© 2015 W. Gödert, TH Köln, Institut für Informationswissenschaft / Powered by litecat, BIS Oldenburg (Stand: 28. April 2022)

Suchergebnisse

• 1
  Arp, R. ; Smith, B. ; Spear, A.D.: Building ontologies with basic formal ontology.
  Cambridge : MIT Press, 2015. XXIV, 220 S.
  ISBN 978-0-262-52781-1
  
  Abstract: In the era of "big data," science is increasingly information driven, and the potential for computers to store, manage, and integrate massive amounts of data has given rise to such new disciplinary fields as biomedical informatics. Applied ontology offers a strategy for the organization of scientific information in computer-tractable form, drawing on concepts not only from computer and information science but also from linguistics, logic, and philosophy. This book provides an introduction to the field of applied ontology that is of particular relevance to biomedicine, covering theoretical components of ontologies, best practices for ontology design, and examples of biomedical ontologies in use. After defining an ontology as a representation of the types of entities in a given domain, the book distinguishes between different kinds of ontologies and taxonomies, and shows how applied ontology draws on more traditional ideas from metaphysics. It presents the core features of the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO), now used by over one hundred ontology projects around the world, and offers examples of domain ontologies that utilize BFO. The book also describes Web Ontology Language (OWL), a common framework for Semantic Web technologies. Throughout, the book provides concrete recommendations for the design and construction of domain ontologies.
  
  Inhalt: What Is an Ontology? - Kinds of Ontologies and the Role of Taxonomies - Principles of Best Practice 1: Domain Ontology Design - Principles of Best Practice II: Terms, Definitions, and Classification - Introduction to Basic Formal Ontology I: Continuants - Introduction to Basic Formal Ontology II: Occurrents - The Ontology of Relations - Basic Formal Ontology at Work - Appendix on Implementation: Languages, Editors, Reasoners, Browsers, Tools for Reuse - Glossary - Web Links Mentioned in the Text Including Ontologies, Research Groups, Software, and Reasoning Tools
  
  Anmerkung: Rez. in: JASIST 68(2017) no.3, S.801-804 (M. Frické).
  
  Themenfeld: Wissensrepräsentation
  
  RSWK: Ontologie
  BK: 06.74 (Informationssysteme)
  DDC: 006.332
  GHBS: TZB
  LCC: Q387.4
  RVK: ST 304
  
• 2
  Smith, B.: ¬The relevance of philosophical ontology to information and computer science.
  In: Philosophy, computing and information science. Eds.: R. Hagengruber u. U.V. Riss. London : Pickering & Chatto, 2014. S.75-83.
  (History and philosophy of technoscience; 3)
  
  Abstract: Ontology as a branch of philosophy is the science of what is, of the kinds and structures of objects, properties, events, processes and relations in every area of reality. The earliest use of the term 'ontology' (or 'ontologia') seems to have been in 1606 in the book Ogdoas Scholastica by the German Protestant scholastic Jacob Lorhard. For Lorhard, as for many subsequent philosophers, 'ontology' is a synonym of 'metaphysics' (a label meaning literally: 'what comes after the Physics'), a term used by early students of Aristotle to refer to what Aristotle himself called 'first philosophy'. Some philosophers use 'ontology' and 'metaphysics' to refer to two distinct, though interrelated, disciplines, the former to refer to the study of what might exist; the latter to the study of which of the various alternative possible ontologies is in fact true of reality. The term - and the philosophical discipline of ontology - has enjoyed a chequered history since 1606, with a significant expansion, and consolidation, in recent decades. We shall not discuss here the successive rises and falls in philosophical acceptance of the term, but rather focus on certain phases in the history of recent philosophy which are most relevant to the consideration of its recent advance, and increased acceptance, also outside the discipline of philosophy.
  
  Themenfeld: Wissensrepräsentation
  Wissenschaftsfach: Informatik
  
  
• 3
  Jansen, B.J. ; Booth, D.L. ; Smith, B.K.: Using the taxonomy of cognitive learning to model online searching.
  In: Information processing and management. 45(2009) no.6, S.643-663.
  
  Abstract: In this research, we investigated whether a learning process has unique information searching characteristics. The results of this research show that information searching is a learning process with unique searching characteristics specific to particular learning levels. In a laboratory experiment, we studied the searching characteristics of 72 participants engaged in 426 searching tasks. We classified the searching tasks according to Anderson and Krathwohl's taxonomy of the cognitive learning domain. Research results indicate that applying and analyzing, the middle two of the six categories, generally take the most searching effort in terms of queries per session, topics searched per session, and total time searching. Interestingly, the lowest two learning categories, remembering and understanding, exhibit searching characteristics similar to the highest order learning categories of evaluating and creating. Our results suggest the view of Web searchers having simple information needs may be incorrect. Instead, we discovered that users applied simple searching expressions to support their higher-level information needs. It appears that searchers rely primarily on their internal knowledge for evaluating and creating information needs, using search primarily for fact checking and verification. Overall, results indicate that a learning theory may better describe the information searching process than more commonly used paradigms of decision making or problem solving. The learning style of the searcher does have some moderating effect on exhibited searching characteristics. The implication of this research is that rather than solely addressing a searcher's expressed information need, searching systems can also address the underlying learning need of the user.
  
  Themenfeld: Suchtaktik
  
  
• 4
  Smith, B. ; Siebert, D. ; Ceusters, W.: Was die philosophische Ontologie zur biomedizinischen Informatik beitragen kann.
  In: Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 55(2004) H.3, S.143-146.
  
  Abstract: Die biomedizinische Forschung hat ein Kommunikationsproblem. Um die Ergebnisse ihrer Arbeit darzustellen, greifen einzelne Forschergruppen auf unterschiedliche und oft inkompatible Terminologien zurück. Für den Fortschritt der modernen Biomedizin ist die Integration dieser Ergebnisse jedoch unabdingbar. Die Informatik hat versucht, die allerorten aus inkompatiblen Terminologien erwachsenden Hindernisse mittels einer übergreifenden Referenztaxonomie zu überwinden, in die die vielen verschiedenen Terminologien nur einmal übersetzt werden müssten. Als Lingua franca der Terminologie- und Datenbankintegration würde diese Referenztaxonomie automatisch die Kompatibilität aller auf ihrer Grundlage abgestimmten Informationsressourcen sicherstellen. Informatiker entlehnten für das vorgeschlagene zentrale Klassifikationssystem aus der Philosophie den Terminus "Ontologie" - ohne zu ahnen, dass das Entwickeln dieser Ontologie zahlreiche in der philosophischen Ontologie seit langem diskutierte Fragen erneut aufwerfen würde. Das Institut für formale Ontologie und medizinische Informationswissenschaft (IFOMIS)* in Leipzig und das belgischUS-amerikanische Softwareunternehmen Language & Computing (L&C) kooperieren, um eine Lösung für die speziellen Probleme, die sich bei der Integration medizinischer Terminologien ergeben, zu erarbeiten. Die Ontologie fließt in Software-Werkzeuge für die Verarbeitung medizinischer Texte ein und wird so den praktischen Anforderungen auf die Wirklichkeit gerichteten Handelns ausgesetzt. Dadurch geschieht etwas in der Philosophiegeschichte Einmaliges: Die Leistungsfähigkeit einer philosophischen Theorie wird empirisch überprüft.
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Medizin ; Philosophie
  
  
• 5
  Smith, B. ; O'Hea, K.: Perspektiven des elektronischen Publizierens 1998-2002.
  In: nfd Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 48(1997) H.5, S.305-308.
  
  Themenfeld: Elektronisches Publizieren
  
  
• 6
  Smith, B.A. ; Hesse-Biber, S.: Users' experiences with qualitative data analysis software : neither Frankenstein's monster nor muse.
  In: Social science computer review. 14(1996) no.4, S.423-432.
  
  Abstract: Increasing use of qualitative data analysis software might interfere with both the art and science of qualitative research. Analysis of interviews with 12 qualitative researcherchers in sociology and in organizational behaviour show ehat these fears are exaggerated. Users of qualitative data analysis software in most cases use the computer as an organizational, time saving tool and take special care to maintain close relationships with both the data and the respondents. It is unclear whether or not the amount of time and affort saved by the computer enhance research activity
  
  
  
• 7
  Smith, B.: Formal ontology, common sense and cognitive science.
  In: International journal of human-computer studies. 43(1995) nos.5/6, S.641-667.
  
  Abstract: Drawing on recent work in the fields of naive and qualitative physics, perceptual and developmental psychology, and cognitve anthropology, considers a methodology and philosophical foundations of cognitive sciences
  
  
  
• 8
  Smith, B.G.: Seymour: Maryland's information retriever.
  In: Wilson library bulletin. 68(1994) no.7, S.37-40.
  
  Abstract: Describes the Seymour project being run by libraries in Maryland which aims to bring the benefits of electronic information to all state residents by 2000. Describes how the telecommunications infrastructure will be developed. The services offered will include: searching for books, articles, facts, helping agencies and government and other information. The service will also act as a gateway to the Internet network. Shows how the project is being set up and organized. Discusses policy issues and challenges poses by the project
  
  Themenfeld: Informationsdienstleistungen
  
  
• 9
  Smith, B.: Information engineering.
  In: Blick Europa! Informations- und Dokumentenmanagement. Deutscher Dokumentartag 1994, Universität Trier, 27.-30.9.1994. Hrsg.: W. Neubauer. Frankfurt : DGD, 1994. S.39-48.
  (DGD-Schrift (DOK-7); 2/94)
  
  Themenfeld: Information Resources Management
  
  
• 10
  Smith, B.G.R.: IMPACT and interactive multimedia.
  In: Aslib information. 21(1993) nos.7/8, S.290-292.
  
  Abstract: Defines multimedia and outlines current areas of application and future prospects. Discusses the Commission of the European Communities IMPACT programme aimed at establishing an internal market for electronic information services. Describes its operations which include: shared-cost projects; a workshop on interactive multimedia covering asset management, interactivity, delivery platforms and marketing issues; and a questionnaire on the success and usefulness of the workshop
  
  Themenfeld: Multimedia
  Objekt: IMPACT