Literatur zur Informationserschließung

Diese Datenbank enthält über 40.000 Dokumente zu Themen aus den Bereichen Formalerschließung – Inhaltserschließung – Information Retrieval.

© 2015 W. Gödert, TH Köln, Institut für Informationswissenschaft / Powered by litecat, BIS Oldenburg (Stand: 28. April 2022)

Suchergebnisse

• 1
  Drewer, P. u. D. Pulitano (Hrsg.): Terminologie : Epochen - Schwerpunkte - Umsetzungen : zum 25-jährigen Bestehen des Rats für Deutschsprachige Terminologie.
  Berlin : Springer Vieweg, 2019. XVII, 283 S.
  ISBN 978-3-662-58948-9
  (Kommunikation und Medienmanagement - Springer eBooks. Computer Science and Engineering)
  
  Abstract: Alle, die sich mit fachsprachlichen Texten beschäftigen, beschäftigen sich automatisch auch mit Terminologie: Beim Lesen von Fachtexten nehmen sie die darin enthaltene Terminologie auf, beim Verfassen von Fachtexten verwenden oder produzieren sie Terminologie, beim Fachübersetzen übertragen sie Terminologie in andere Sprachen. Im Laufe der Zeit haben sich Methoden und Verfahren entwickelt, wie man professionell und effizient mit Terminologie arbeitet. Die Auseinandersetzung mit den Grundsätzen der Terminologiearbeit hat sich zu einer wissenschaftlichen Disziplin entwickelt. Der Rat für Deutschsprachige Terminologie (RaDT) wurde 1994 als Initiative der UNESCO-Kommissionen Deutschlands, Österreichs und der Schweiz gegründet, um terminologische Aktivitäten zu fördern. Zu seinem 25-jährigen Bestehen erscheint nun dieser Sammelband, der einen Überblick über das vielfältige Schaffen und das gesamte Themenspektrum der RaDT-Mitglieder bietet. Um die verschiedenen Perspektiven innerhalb der RaDT-Gemeinschaft angemessen wiederzugeben, umfasst der Band vier Themenbereiche: 1. Vielfalt an Epochen 2. Vielfalt an Schwerpunkten 3. Vielfalt an Umsetzungen (in öffentlichen Institutionen) 4. Vielfalt an Umsetzungen (in der Privatwirtschaft) Dieser Sammelband richtet sich an alle, die sich mit Terminologie, Terminologiewissenschaft oder Terminologiearbeit befassen, insbesondere in Unternehmensbereichen wie Sprachmanagement, Terminologiemanagement, Corporate Language, Wissensmanagement, sowie an Studierende und Wissenschaftler in den entsprechenden Disziplinen.
  
  Anmerkung: Vgl.: https://www.springer.com/de/book/9783662589489.
  
  Themenfeld: Computerlinguistik
  Wissenschaftsfach: Sprachwissenschaft
  
  LCSH: Computers ; Lexicology ; Communication ; Quality control ; Reliability ; Industrial safety ; Information Systems and Communication Service
  DDC: 005.7
  LCC: QA75.5-76.95
  
• 2
  Ortlieb, E. et al. (Hrsg.): Best practices in teaching digital literacies.
  Bingley, UK : Emerald Publ., 2018. XI, 259 S.
  ISBN 978-1-78754-720-9
  (Literary research, practice and evaluation; 9)
  
  Abstract: The almost universal reliance upon digital tools for social, academic, and career development will only become more pronounced in the years to come. Teacher education programs remain ill-equipped to adequately prepare educators with the pedagogies needed to foster digital literacies. What is needed is a set of best practices towards teaching digital literacies so that teachers can better meet the emerging needs of their students in today's classrooms. Where should teachers begin? What are the essentials of digital literacies within K-12 contexts? And how might we reimagine teacher education programs to optimally prepare teachers for working with technologically connected youth, whose literacies are more complex, interconnected, and diverse than ever?This edited volume provides a practical framework for teacher education programs to develop K-12 students' digital literacies. It serves as a set of best practices in teaching digital literacies that promotes access to research-based pedagogies for immediate implementation in their classrooms
  
  Themenfeld: Information
  
  LCSH: Language and languages / Study and teaching ; Internet in education ; Media literacy / Study and teaching ; Internet literacy / Study and teaching ; Computers and literacy
  DDC: 371.334 / dc23
  LCC: LC149.5
  
• 3
  Sakr, S. ; Wylot, M. ; Mutharaju, R. ; Le-Phuoc, D. ; Fundulaki, I.: Linked data : storing, querying, and reasoning.
  Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. XX, 223 S.
  ISBN 978-3-319-73514-6
  
  Abstract: This book describes efficient and effective techniques for harnessing the power of Linked Data by tackling the various aspects of managing its growing volume: storing, querying, reasoning, provenance management and benchmarking. To this end, Chapter 1 introduces the main concepts of the Semantic Web and Linked Data and provides a roadmap for the book. Next, Chapter 2 briefly presents the basic concepts underpinning Linked Data technologies that are discussed in the book. Chapter 3 then offers an overview of various techniques and systems for centrally querying RDF datasets, and Chapter 4 outlines various techniques and systems for efficiently querying large RDF datasets in distributed environments. Subsequently, Chapter 5 explores how streaming requirements are addressed in current, state-of-the-art RDF stream data processing. Chapter 6 covers performance and scaling issues of distributed RDF reasoning systems, while Chapter 7 details benchmarks for RDF query engines and instance matching systems. Chapter 8 addresses the provenance management for Linked Data and presents the different provenance models developed. Lastly, Chapter 9 offers a brief summary, highlighting and providing insights into some of the open challenges and research directions. Providing an updated overview of methods, technologies and systems related to Linked Data this book is mainly intended for students and researchers who are interested in the Linked Data domain. It enables students to gain an understanding of the foundations and underpinning technologies and standards for Linked Data, while researchers benefit from the in-depth coverage of the emerging and ongoing advances in Linked Data storing, querying, reasoning, and provenance management systems. Further, it serves as a starting point to tackle the next research challenges in the domain of Linked Data management.
  
  Anmerkung: Rez. in: JASIST 70(2019) no.8, S.905-907 (Dean Allemang).
  
  Themenfeld: Semantische Interoperabilität ; Semantic Web
  
  LCSH: Linked data ; Semantic Web ; RDF (Document markup language) ; Computer science ; Computers ; Information storage and retrieval ; Artificial intelligence
  RSWK: Linked Data
  BK: 54.72 (Künstliche Intelligenz)
  DDC: 025.0427
  LCC: Z666.73.L56 ; QA75.5-76.95
  
• 4
  Cole, C.: ¬The consciousness' drive : information need and the search for meaning.
  Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. X, 247 S.
  ISBN 978-3-319-92456-4
  
  Abstract: What is the uniquely human factor in finding and using information to produce new knowledge? Is there an underlying aspect of our thinking that cannot be imitated by the AI-equipped machines that will increasingly dominate our lives? This book answers these questions, and tells us about our consciousness - its drive or intention in seeking information in the world around us, and how we are able to construct new knowledge from this information. The book is divided into three parts, each with an introduction and a conclusion that relate the theories and models presented to the real-world experience of someone using a search engine. First, Part I defines the exceptionality of human consciousness and its need for new information and how, uniquely among all other species, we frame our interactions with the world. Part II then investigates the problem of finding our real information need during information searches, and how our exceptional ability to frame our interactions with the world blocks us from finding the information we really need. Lastly, Part III details the solution to this framing problem and its operational implications for search engine design for everyone whose objective is the production of new knowledge. In this book, Charles Cole deliberately writes in a conversational style for a broader readership, keeping references to research material to the bare minimum. Replicating the structure of a detective novel, he builds his arguments towards a climax at the end of the book. For our video-game, video-on-demand times, he has visualized the ideas that form the book's thesis in over 90 original diagrams. And above all, he establishes a link between information need and knowledge production in evolutionary psychology, and thus bases his arguments in our origins as a species: how we humans naturally think, and how we naturally search for new information because our consciousness drives us to need it.
  
  Anmerkung: Rez. in: JASIST 71(2020) no.1, S.118-120 (Heidi Julien). - Vgl. auch den Beitrag: Cole, C.: A rebuttal of the book review of the book titled "The Consciousness' Drive: Information Need and the Search for Meaning": mapping cognitive and document spaces. In: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 71(2020) no.2, S.242. ; Weitere Rez. unter: https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/article/view/17830/19659: "Author Charles Cole's understanding of human consciousness is built foundationally upon the work of evolutionary psychologist Merlin Donald, who visualized the development of human cognition in four phases, with three transitions. According to Donald's Theory of Mind, preceding types of cognition do not cease to exist after human cognition transitions to a new phase, but exist as four layers within the modern consciousness. Cole's narrative in the first part of the book recounts Donald's model of human cognition, categorizing episodic, mimetic, mythic, and theoretic phases of cognition. The second half of the book sets up a particular situation of consciousness using the frame theory of Marvin Minsky, uses Meno's paradox (how can we come to know that which we don't already know?) in a critique of framing as Minsky conceived it, and presents group and national level framing and shows their inherent danger in allowing information avoidance and sanctioning immoral actions. Cole concludes with a solution of information need being sparked or triggered that takes the human consciousness out of a closed information loop, driving the consciousness to seek new information. ; Cole's reliance upon Donald's Theory of Mind is limiting; it represents a major weakness of the book. Donald's Theory of Mind has been an influential model in evolutionary psychology, appearing in his 1991 book Origins of the Modern Mind: Three Stages in the Evolution of Culture and Cognition (Harvard University Press). Donald's approach is a top-down, conceptual model that explicates what makes the human mind different and exceptional from other animal intelligences. However, there are other alternative, useful, science-based models of animal and human cognition that begin with a bottom-up approach to understanding the building blocks of cognition shared in common by humans and other "intelligent" animals. For example, in "A Bottom-Up Approach to the Primate Mind," Frans B.M. de Waal and Pier Francesco Ferrari note that neurophysiological studies show that specific neuron assemblies in the rat hippocampus are active during memory retrieval and that those same assemblies predict future choices. This would suggest that episodic memory and future orientation aren't as advanced a process as Donald posits in his Theory of Mind. Also, neuroimaging studies in humans show that the cortical areas active during observations of another's actions are related in position and structure to those areas identified as containing mirror neurons in macaques. Could this point to a physiological basis for imitation? ... (Scott Curtis)"
  
  Themenfeld: Information
  Wissenschaftsfach: Kognitionswissenschaft
  
  LCSH: Computers and Society ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; Cognitive Psychology ; User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction ; Consciousness
  DDC: 004
  LCC: QA76.9.C66
  
• 5
  Floridi, L.: ¬Die 4. Revolution : wie die Infosphäre unser Leben verändert.Aus dem Engl. von Axel Walter.
  Berlin : Suhrkamp, 2015. 317 S.
  ISBN 978-3-518-58679-2
  
  Abstract: Unsere Computer werden immer schneller, kleiner und billiger; wir produzieren jeden Tag genug Daten, um alle Bibliotheken der USA damit zu füllen; und im Durchschnitt trägt jeder Mensch heute mindestens einen Gegenstand bei sich, der mit dem Internet verbunden ist. Wir erleben gerade eine explosionsartige Entwicklung von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien. Luciano Floridi, einer der weltweit führenden Informationstheoretiker, zeigt in seinem meisterhaften Buch, dass wir uns nach den Revolutionen der Physik (Kopernikus), Biologie (Darwin) und Psychologie (Freud) nun inmitten einer vierten Revolution befinden, die unser ganzes Leben verändert. Die Trennung zwischen online und offline schwindet, denn wir interagieren zunehmend mit smarten, responsiven Objekten, um unseren Alltag zu bewältigen oder miteinander zu kommunizieren. Der Mensch kreiert sich eine neue Umwelt, eine »Infosphäre«. Persönlichkeitsprofile, die wir online erzeugen, beginnen, in unseren Alltag zurückzuwirken, sodass wir immer mehr ein »Onlife« leben. Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien bestimmen die Art, wie wir einkaufen, arbeiten, für unsere Gesundheit vorsorgen, Beziehungen pflegen, unsere Freizeit gestalten, Politik betreiben und sogar, wie wir Krieg führen. Aber sind diese Entwicklungen wirklich zu unserem Vorteil? Was sind ihre Risiken? Floridi weist den Weg zu einem neuen ethischen und ökologischen Denken, um die Herausforderungen der digitalen Revolution und der Informationsgesellschaft zu meistern. Ein Buch von großer Aktualität und theoretischer Brillanz.
  
  Anmerkung: Originaltitel: The 4th revolution : how the infosphere is reshaping human reality.
  
  Themenfeld: Information ; Vision
  
  LCSH: Information technology ; Social aspects ; Information society ; Internet / Social aspects ; Computers and civilization
  RSWK: Digitale Revolution / Informationsgesellschaft / Internet / Kritik ; Internet / Informationsgesellschaft / Kritik
  BK: 05.20 Kommunikation und Gesellschaft ; 71.43 Technologische Faktoren Soziologie ; 54.08 Informatik in Beziehung zu Mensch und Gesellschaft
  DDC: 302.2301 / DDC22ger
  GHBS: KNZZ (DU) ; HNW (SI) ; OGE (W) ; TTP (HA)
  LCC: HM851
  RVK: CC 8700
  
• 6
  Leonardi, P.M. et al. (Hrsg.): Materiality and organizing : social interaction in a technological world.
  Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press, 2013. XIV, 365 S.
  ISBN 978-0-19-966405-4
  
  Abstract: Ask a person on the street whether new technologies bring about important social change and you are likely to hear a resounding "yes." But the answer is less definitive amongst academics who study technology and social practice. Scholarly writing has been heavily influenced by the ideology of technological determinism - the belief that some types or technologically driven social changes are inevitable and cannot be stopped. Rather than argue for or against notions of determinism, the authors in this book ask how the materiality (the arrangement of physical, digital, or rhetorical materials into particular forms that endure across differences in place and time) of technologies, ranging from computer-simulation tools and social media, to ranking devices and rumors, is actually implicated in the process of formal and informal organizing. The book builds a new theoretical framework to consider the important socio-technical changes confronting people's everyday experiences in and outside of work. Leading scholars in the field contribute original chapters examining the complex interactions between technology and the social, between artifact and humans. The discussion spans multiple disciplines, including management, information systems, informatics, communication, sociology, and the history of technology, and opens up a new area of research regarding the relationship between materiality and organizing.
  
  Inhalt: Materiality and Organizing marks a long overdue turning point in the scholarly study of the human-technology relationship that now engulfs our lives. For too long, researchers have tended to treat technology as a dream conjured by agents and imbued with their projects. This brilliant sequence of essays restores and deepens the entire field of perception. It finally returns us to the facticity of technology as it persistently redefines the horizon of the possible. These tightly argued masterpieces reestablish technology as embodied and significant. Most importantly, they return us to materiality just in time. With each passing day, technology becomes both more abstracted from its physical manifestations and more ubiquitous, producing a dematerialized materiality. Only a relentless focus on this paradox will yield the intellectual tools that are required to participate in our own destinies. Shoshana Zuboff, Charles Edward Wilson Professor, Harvard Business School This volume is a much-needed exploration of the material aspects of the technologies that have reshaped our world. For two decades, a narrative framing technologies as social constructions has led to important advances in our understanding of their nature and impacts. Materiality and Organizing provides an important counterbalance to this approach in its exploration of the dimensions of materiality that constrain but also enable technologies to connect with and affect people, organizations, and society. This volume is required reading for scholars interested in technology, its development, and its impacts. Its insights into information technology are particularly significant. Professor Marshall Scott Poole, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign For too long the materiality of social life has been ignored by sociologists and organization studies scholars. The role of materiality in social life is turning out to be one of the most interesting and difficult issues in the field. This multidisciplinary collection does not offer a single solution but offers the latest thoughts of scholars who try and take materiality seriously in their own research. The resulting volume is a deep and fascinating collection of essays. (Professor Trevor Pinch, Cornell University)
  
  Anmerkung: Rez. in: JASIST 66(2015) no.12, S.2717-2720 (G.F. Lanzara)
  
  
  LCSH: Computers / Social aspects ; Technological innovations / Social aspects ; Digital communications / Social aspects ; Organizational behavior
  RSWK: Interaktion e.V. / Technologie / Kommunikation / Organisationsverhalten / Materialität / Aufsatzsammlung
  DDC: 303.4834
  GHBS: ORD (E)
  LCC: HM1111.M38 2012
  
• 7
  Morozov, E.: ¬The net delusion : the dark side of internet freedom.
  New York : Public Affairs, 2011. XVII, 409 S.
  ISBN 978-1-586-48874-1
  
  Abstract: "The revolution will be Twittered!" declared journalist Andrew Sullivan after protests erupted in Iran. But as journalist and social commentator Evgeny Morozov argues in "The Net Delusion," the Internet is a tool that both revolutionaries and authoritarian governments can use. For all of the talk in the West about the power of the Internet to democratize societies, regimes in Iran and China are as stable and repressive as ever. Social media sites have been used there to entrench dictators and threaten dissidents, making it harder--not easier--to promote democracy. In this spirited book, journalist and social commentator Evgeny Morozov shows that by falling for the supposedly democratizing nature of the Internet, Western do-gooders may have missed how it also entrenches dictators, threatens dissidents, and makes it harder-not easier-to promote democracy. Buzzwords like "21st-century statecraft" sound good in PowerPoint presentations, but the reality is that "digital diplomacy" requires just as much oversight and consideration as any other kind of diplomacy. Marshalling a compelling set of case studies, " The Net Delusion" shows why the cyber-utopian stance that the Internet is inherently liberating is wrong, and how ambitious and seemingly noble initiatives like the promotion of "Internet freedom" are misguided and, on occasion, harmful.
  
  Inhalt: The Google doctrine -- Texting like it's 1989 -- Orwell's favorite lolcat -- Censors and sensibilities -- Hugo Chavez would like to welcome you to the spinternet -- Why the KGB wants you to join Facebook -- Why Kierkegaard hates slacktivism -- Open networks, narrow minds : cultural contradictions of internet freedom -- Internet freedoms and their consequences -- Making history (more than a browser menu) -- The wicked fix.
  
  Anmerkung: Rez. in: JASIST 62(2011) no.12, S.2540-2543 (C. Leslie)
  
  Themenfeld: Internet
  
  LCSH: Internet / Political aspects ; Internet / Censorship ; Computers / Access control ; Freedom of information
  RSWK: Internet / Informationsfreiheit / Zensur ; Internet / Privatsphäre / Datenschutz ; Internet / Freiheit / Demokratisierung ; Internet / Demokratie / Informationsgesellschaft / Freiheit / Zensur / Überwachung / Diktatur / Soziales Netzwerk / Informationsfreiheit / Informationsverarbeitung ; Internet / Demokratisierung / Utopie (BVB) ; Demokratisierung / Internet / Informationsfreiheit (SWB)
  BK: 05.38 / Neue elektronische Medien
  DDC: 303.48/33
  LCC: HM851 .M665 2011
  RVK: AP 18420
  
• 8
  Cohoon, J. McGrath u. W. Aspray (Hrsg.): Women and information technology : research on underrepresentation.
  Cambridge, MA : MIT Press, 2006. xviii, 500 S.
  ISBN 0-262-03345-3
  
  Abstract: Experts investigate the reasons for low female participation in computing and suggest strategies for moving toward parity through studies of middle and high school girls, female students and postsecondary computer science programs, and women in the information technology workforce. Computing remains a heavily male-dominated field even after 25 years of extensive efforts to promote female participation. The contributors to "Women and Information Technology" look at reasons for the persistent gender imbalance in computing and explore some strategies intended to reverse the downward trend. The studies included are rigorous social science investigations; they rely on empirical evidence - not rhetoric, hunches, folk wisdom, or off-the-cuff speculation about supposed innate differences between men and women. Taking advantage of the recent surge in research in this area, the editors present the latest findings of both qualitative and quantitative studies. Each section begins with an overview of the literature on current research in the field, followed by individual studies. The first section investigates the relationship between gender and information technology among preteens and adolescents, with each study considering what could lead girls' interest in computing to diverge from boys'; the second section, on higher education, includes a nationwide study of computing programs and a cross-national comparison of computing education; the final section, on pathways into the IT workforce, considers both traditional and non-traditional paths to computing careers.
  
  Anmerkung: Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.11, S.1704 (D.E. Agosto): "Student participation in computer science (CS) has dropped significantly over the past few years in the United States. As the Computing Research Association (Vegso, 2006) recently noted, "After five years of decline, the number of new CS majors in fall 2005 was half of what it was in fall 2000 (15,958 vs. 7,952)." Many computing educators and working professionals worry that this reduced level of participation might result in slowed technological innovation in future years. Adding to the problem is especially low female participation in the computer-related disciplines. For example, Cohoon (2003) showed that the percentage of high school girls indicating intent to study CS in college dropped steadily from 1991 to 2001, from a high of 37% to a low of 20%. The National Science Foundation's most recent report on Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering (National Science Foundation, 2004) indicates that while females obtained 57% of all bachelor's degrees in 2001, they obtained just 28% of computer-related undergraduate degrees. These low percentages of female participation are reflected in the computing workforce as well. Women and Information Technology: Research on Underrepresentation provides an overview of research projects and research trends relating to gender and computing. The book takes a proactive general stance; the ultimate goal of publishing the research included in the volume is to lead to significant gains in female representation in the study and practice of the computing-related fields. ... The volume as a whole does not offer a clear-cut solution to the problem of female underrepresentation, but a number of the chapters do indicate that recruitment and retention must be dealt with jointly, as each is dependent on the other. Another recurring theme is the importance of role models from early on in girls' lives, in the form of both female faculty and female computing professionals as role models. Still another recurring theme is the importance of female mentoring before and during the college years, including both informal peer mentoring and formal faculty mentoring. Taken as a whole, this is a successful work that is probably most useful as a background reference tool. As such, it should assist students and scholars interested in continuing this undeniably important area of research."
  
  
  LCSH: Computers and women ; Sex differences in education ; Women computer scientists
  RSWK: Frau / Informationstechnik / Aufsatzsammlung (SWB) ; Aufsatzsammlung / Frau / Informationstechnische Grundbildung (GBV) ; Frau / Informatik / Beruf / Unterprivilegierung (BVB)
  BK: 54.08 / Informatik in Beziehung zu Mensch und Gesellschaft ; 71.31 / Geschlechter und ihr Verhalten
  DDC: 004/.082 / dc22
  LCC: QA76.9.W65W66 2006
  RVK: MS 3050
  
• 9
  Kling, R. ; Rosenbaum, H. ; Sawyer, S.: Understanding and communicating social informatics : a framework for studying and teaching the human contexts of information and communication technologies.
  Medford, NJ : Information Today, 2005. XX, 216 S.
  ISBN 1-57387-228-8
  
  Anmerkung: Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.1, S.151-152 (R. Gazan): "Anyone who has ever struggled to describe social informatics to a skeptical colleague or a room full of students will appreciate this clear and well-organized introduction to the field. It is at once a literature review, a teaching guide, and an outreach manifesto for integrating the social aspects of information and communication technologies (ICTs) into system design, analysis, and research. The context of this book is of particular importance. Rob Kling founded social informatics as a research field, and led the creation of the Center for Social Informatics at Indiana University. Kling pinpoints 1996 as the year when his long-simmering ideas coalesced into social informatics, though in the Foreword, William H. Dutton argues that the birth date of the field was actually more than a decade earlier. Kling, Howard Rosenbaum, and Steve Sawyer worked on this book intermittently for years, but upon Kling's death in May 2003, Rosenbaum and Sawyer completed the work. Under the circumstances, the book could easily have become a festschrift or celebration of Kling's career, but the authors maintain tight focus on the findings and applicability of social informatics research throughout. While much of Kling's work is cited, and very little of it critiqued, overall there is a good balance and synthesis of diverse approaches to social informatics research. Creating a conceptual critical mass around an idea like social informatics is only the first phase in its evolution. The initial working definition of social informatics-"the interdisciplinary study of the design, uses and consequences of ICTs that takes into account their interaction with institutional and cultural contexts" (p. 6)-was developed at a seminal 1997 workshop, and background information about the workshop's participants and process is summarized in two brief appendices. The results of this workshop yielded a raft of empirical studies, and at this point in the development of social informatics, the authors' focus on applying and extending the results of these initial studies is particularly well-timed. The authors identify a disconnect between popular, professional, and scholarly discourse on how ICTs coevolve with organizations, institutions, and society, and they aim to bridge this gap by providing a "pointer to the practical value of the scholarship on organizational and societal effects of computerization" (p. 3). ; The opening chapter provides a 10-page introduction to social informatics and identifies three high-level subdomains of the field: the normative, analytical, and critical orientations. Chapter 2 then narrows the focus to the social, technical, and institutional nature and consequences of ICTs, and provides a well-chosen review and analysis of social informatics research, mostly case studies of system implementations gone wrong. The recurring finding in these cases is that the social and institutional context of the system implementation was not sufficiently accounted for. In light of these concrete examples, the value and applicability of a social informatics perspective becomes clear. The chapters are organized exceptionally well, with bullet points and tables summarizing core ideas. One particularly good example of the organization of ideas is a table comparing designer-centric and social design views on the task of designing ICTs for workplaces (p. 42). Included are the different views of work, intended goals, design assumptions, and technological choices inherent in each design philosophy. Readers can immediately grasp how a social informatics perspective, as opposed to the more traditional designer-centric perspective, would result in significant differences in the design of workplace ICTs. The chapter titled, "Social Informatics for Designers, Developers, and Implementers of ICT Based Systems," provides an extremely focused introduction to the importance of social informatics for system builders, with more examples of large-scale system breakdowns resulting from failure to account for context, such as the 1988 destruction of a civilian passenger jet in the Persian Gulf by the USS Vincennes. However, many of the chapter subheadings have promising titles such as "ICTs Rarely Cause Social Transformations" (p. 28), and though the findings of several studies that reach this conclusion are reviewed, this section is but a page in length and no dissenting findings are mentioned; this seems insufficient support for such a substantial claim. Throughout the book, conclusions from different studies are effectively juxtaposed and summarized to create a sense of a cohesive body of social informatics research findings, which are expressed in a very accessible manner. At the same time, the findings are discussed in relation to their applicability to diverse audiences outside the social informatics field: system designers and developers, ICT policy analysts, teachers of technical curricula, and ICT professionals. Anticipating and addressing the concerns of such a diverse group of audiences outside the field of social informatics is an admirable but overly ambitious goal to achieve in a 153-page book (not counting the excellent glossary, references, and appendices). For example, the chapter on social informatics for ICT policy analysts includes approximately twenty pages of ICT policy history in the U.S. and Europe, which seems a luxury in such a small volume. Though it is unquestionably relevant material, it does not fit well with the rest of the book and might be more effective as a stand-alone chapter for an information policy course, perhaps used in tandem with the introduction. ; In the authors' view, the primary means to more widespread acceptance of social informatics is to integrate it with the more traditionally technical curricula of ICT oriented students in computer science and related fields, and this is the focus of Chapter 5. Here the book delivers on its promise of providing a clear framework for both understanding and teaching social informatics. The goal is not simply to learn how to build systems, but to learn how to build systems that account for the context in which they are used. The authors prescribe field experience problem-driven learning techniques embedded in the needs of particular organizations, and a critical, reflexive orientation toward ICT design and construction. In a chapter endnote, the authors mention that a socia informatics perspective would also be useful to students in other fields such as communication and education, but that space limitations required a focus on computer science. Though an understandable choice, if the goal is to convince those outside the field of the value of a social informatics perspective, it would seem natural to include management or economics curricula as fertile ground to analyze some of the tangible effects of a failure to account for the social context of system implementations. Chapter 6 is something of an outreach manifesto, a treatise on communicating social informatics research to professional and research communities, and an explicit call for social informatics researchers "to shoulder the responsibility for communicating the core of social informatics . . . to ICT professionals and other research communities" (pp. 106-107). The authors are not shy about framing social informatics less as a research field and more as an up-and-coming competitor in the marketplace of ICT-oriented ideas; achieving more widespread acceptance of social informatics is presented almost as a sales and marketing challenge, the goal being "getting to yes" in the minds of ICT professionals. It is an effective presentation strategy, but one that comes with a cost. ; Throughout the book, the authors portray social informatics research as being underutilized and misunderstood outside the field, and they should be commended for acknowledging and addressing these problems head-on. Yes, there is resistance from ICT professionals and faculty and students in technical disciplines, most of whom have not been trained to consider social and institutional issues as part of their work. However, this stance sometimes results in a defensive tone. Social informatics research is repeatedly described as "systematic," "rigorous," and "empirically anchored," as if in preemptive response to doubts about the seriousness of social informatics scholarship. Chapter titles such as "Perceptions of the Relevance of Social Informatics Research" and "Raising the Profile of Social Informatics Research" contribute to this impression. Nonscholarly observers are dismissed as "pundits," and students who lack a social informatics perspective have "typically naïve" conceptualizations (p. 100). The concluding chapter ends not with a powerful and memorable synthesis, but with a final plea: "Taking Social Informatics Seriously." The content of the book is strong enough to stand on its own, but the manner in which it is presented sometimes detracts from the message. The book's few weaknesses can be viewed simply as the price of attempting both to survey social informatics research findings and to articulate their importance for such a diverse set of audiences, in such a brief volume. The central tension of the book, and the field of social informatics as a whole, is that on the one hand the particular-use context of an ICT is of critical importance, but furthering a social informatics agenda requires that some context-independent findings and tools be made evident to those outside the field. Understanding and Communicating Social Informatics is an important and worthwhile contribution toward reconciling this tension, and translating social informatics research findings into better real-world systems."
  
  
  LCSH: Computers and civilization
  RSWK: Kommunikationstechnik / Informationstechnik / Gesellschaft (GBV) ; Kommunikationstechnik / Gesellschaft (BVB)
  BK: 02.13 Wissenschaftspraxis ; 54.08 Informatik in Beziehung zu Mensch und Gesellschaft
  DDC: 303.48/33 22
  LCC: QA76.9.C66K54 2005
  
• 10
  Davidson, J.D. ; Rees-Mogg, W.: Sovereign individual.
  London : Macmillan, 1997. X,416 S.
  ISBN 0-333-66208-3
  
  Anmerkung: Vgl. auch den Beitrag: Cawkell, T.: The information age: for better or for worse
  
  Themenfeld: Information
  
  LCSH: Economic forecasting ; Twenty / first century / Forecasts ; Computers and civilization ; Information society ; World politics / 1989 / Forecasting
  DDC: 338.9
  
• 11
  Smith, R. ; Gibbs, M.: Navigating the Internet.
  Carmel, Ind. : SAMS Publ., 1993. XXIII, 500 S.
  ISBN 0-672-30362-0
  
  Themenfeld: Internet
  
  LCSH: Computers (Software)
  RSWK: Internet ; Internet / Führer (BVB)
  BK: 06.40 / Bibliotheksarten / IuD-Einrichtungen: Allgemeines ; 54.32 / Rechnerkommunikation
  DDC: 004.6/7
  GHBS: TWJ (E) ; TWU (HA)
  LCC: TK5105.875.I57
  
• 12
  Cawkell, A.E.: Encyclopaedic dictionary of information technology and systems.
  London : Bowker-Saur, 1993. VI,338 S.
  ISBN 1-85739-036-9
  
  Abstract: The entries, in alphabetical order, cover people, organizations, and technology, including terms and their concepts as having become known up to April 1993. The dictionary contains very short and very long entries, some of them are repeated in different combinations, such as 'Artificial intelligence (AI)' which is combines in separate entries with - expert systems - history - inference - information retrieval applications - knowledge bases - natural language - shells and chaining - software and hardware trends - vision systems. There is no entry for 'index', however many for 'indexing' (7 columns for the concept as such) and combinations, such as Indexing - automatic, - coordinate indexing, - online systems, - system performance, exhaustivity and specifity, - system performance, recall and prescision, - thesauri. Some 5.000 terms, including abbreviations are related to their concepts and are explained and described
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Informationstechnik
  
  Compass: Information technology
  LCSH: Information technology / Dictionaries ; Computers / Dictionaries
  DDC: 004.03
  
• 13
  Heintz, B.: ¬Die Herrschaft der Regel : zur Grundlagengeschichte des Computers.
  Frankfurt : Campus, 1993. 332 S.
  ISBN 3-593-34860-8
  
  Inhalt: Zugl.: Zürich, Univ., Diss., 1991/92
  
  Anmerkung: Rez. in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 1995, H.12, S.142-144 (I. Diener)
  
  
  LCSH: Computers
  RSWK: Mathematik / Grundlage / Geschichte 1890-1940 ; Mathematik / Wissenssoziologie / Geschichte 1890-1940 ; Computer / Geschichte 1940-1960 / Formalismus / Turing-Maschine / Rationalisierung / Geschichte 1890-1940 ; Datenverarbeitung / Soziologie / Geschichte (BVB) ; Datenverarbeitung / Mathematik / Geschichte (BVB) ; Techniksoziologie (BVB)
  BK: 54.01 / Geschichte der Informatik ; 54.00 / Informatik: Allgemeines ; 31.01 / Geschichte der Mathematik
  Eppelsheimer: Mat T 1091 / Turing-Maschine ; Mat A 291 / Turing-Maschine
  LCC: QA76.5.H4455 1993
  RVK: SG 700 Mathematik / Biographien, Geschichte und Philosophie der Mathematik / Philosophie und Mathematik ; ST 120 Informatik / Monographien / Grundlagen der Informatik / Grundlagen der Informatik ; SR 800 Informatik / Nachschlagewerke. Didaktik / Allgemeines, Nachschlagewerke, Ausbildung / Geschichte der Datenverarbeitung
  
• 14
  Bexte, P. ; Künzel, W.: Allwissen und Absturz : der Ursprung des Computers.
  Frankfurt : Insel Verlag, 1993. 216 S.
  ISBN 3-458-16527-4
  
  Abstract: Kaum eine Wissenschaft der Neuzeit dürfte so geschichtslos angetreten sein wie die Computertheorie. Die simulierte Gleichzeitigkeit alles je Geschriebenen, die der Bildschirm erzeugt, scheint die Beschäftigung mit der Historie abzuschaffen. Das System schluckt die Geschichte und läßt so vergessen, daß es seinerseits eine solche hat. Uns aber hat sie nicht mehr losgelassen, seit wir vor Jahren an an die Schriften des mittelalterlichen Theologikers Raimundus Lullus gerieten. Seine logischen Modelle haben wir in die Computersprachen Cobol sowie Assembler übertragen und sie in einen Berliner Großrechner eingegeben. So entstand aus einer bloßen Übersetzung das ablauffähige Programm "Ars Magna. Author: Raimundus Lullus, um 1300". Dieser älteste Systementwurf war uns der Tigersprung in das Vergangene, der das Kontinuum der Geschichtslosigkeit aufsprengt. Im Kurzschluß von Jetztzeit und Vergangenheit glühen Verbindungen auf, die scheinbar Bekanntes in neuem Licht erscheinen lassen. Daß die Elektronenhirne einen solch direkten Draht zu mittelalterlichen Gottesbeweisen haben, verlangt nach einer Spurensicherung neuer Art, nach einer besonderen Archäologie des Immateriellen. Die Spur führt auf ein ungesichertes Terrain, auf verschüttete Pfade durch zerbrochene Buchstäblichkeiten, die keine Kabbala mehr zusammenhält. Vertraute Oppositionsbegriffe, die den Dingen eine neuzeitliche Ordnung geben würden, wie Wissenschaft/Kunst, Subjekt/Objekt, Religion/Technik, greifen hier nicht mehr. Hier bedarf es einer anderen Lektüre. Und in solcher Überschreitung zeigen uns die alten Texte plötzlich die Spuren des Neuen. Die von Raimundus Lullus ab 1275 entwickelte Logik ist Gestalt geworden Kosmologie. Sie verkörpert Offenbarungswissen, demonstriert die Logik des Universums. In ihrem kombinatorischen Verfahren sind Gottesbeweis und Maschinenbau identisch, sie fallen zusammen, bilden keine Gegensätze. Mit ihr wird ein Feld eröffnet, das sich nicht durch Widersprüche strukturiert, sondern durch hemmungslose Kommunikation von anderweitig Getrenntem. Alles folgt hier ein und derselben Logik, einer Ars Combinatoria, die durch alle Bereiche geht. Sie durchmißt die gesamte Stufenleiter des Seins, von den Steinen, Pflanzen, Tieren, über Menschen, Himmel, Engel bis hinauf zu Gott und wieder hinab. So verbindet diese Logik Himmel und Erde, Asien und Europa, medizinischen und juristischen Körper, Musik und die Quadratur des Kreises etc. Diese Kombinatorik leistet also, was der Mythos älteren Kulturen bot: die Verknüpfung von allem mit allem. So entstehen Netzwerke, als deren ältester Programmierer sich Raimundus Lullus erweist. Seine Ars Magna liefert uns die Basis-Algorithmen, seine Tafeln geben uns den Code des Universums. Hierin berührt er sich mit einer Theorie des Universums als "big computer", wie kein Geringerer als Konrad Zuse sie in unseren Tagen vorgekegt hat. Lullus war der erste Hacker in den himmlischen Datenbanken.
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Informatik
  Objekt: Ars combinatoria
  
  LCSH: Computers / History ; Machine theory
  RSWK: Kombinatorik / Geschichte 1270-1716 / Computer / Geschichte Anfänge ; Kombinatorik (ÖVK) ; Systeme (ÖVK) ; Computer-Geschichte (ÖVK)
  BK: 54.01 / Geschichte der Informatik
  LCC: QA76.17.K86 1993
  RVK: ER 640 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft / Sprachphilosophie (Primärliteratur der Sprachphilosophie; Sekundärliteratur s.o. bei Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft) / Sonstiges ; SR 800 Informatik / Nachschlagewerke. Didaktik / Allgemeines, Nachschlagewerke, Ausbildung / Geschichte der Datenverarbeitung
  
• 15
  Nyce, J.M. u. P.D. Kahn (Hrsg.): From Memex to hypertext : Vannavar Bush and the mind's machine.
  San Diego : Academic Press, 1991. XI,367 S.
  ISBN 0-12-523270-5
  
  Themenfeld: Hypertext
  Objekt: Memex
  
  Compass: Computers
  LCSH: Electronic analog computers / History
  DDC: 004.19
  
• 16
  Mönnich, M.W.: Personalcomputer in Bibliotheken : Arbeitsplätze für Benutzer.
  Köln : Greven, 1991. XI,106 S.
  ISBN 3-7743-0569-2
  (Kölner Arbeiten zum Bibliotheks- und Dokumentationswesen; H.15)
  
  
  LCSH: Microcomputer workstations ; Libraries / Data processing ; Microcomputers
  RSWK: Wissenschaftliche Bibliothek / Personalcomputer / Benutzer ; Bibliothek / Personalcomputer / Benutzerarbeitsplatz (ÖVK) ; Bibliothek / Benutzer / Arbeitsplatz / Personalcomputer (BVB) ; Personalcomputer / Bibliothek / Benutzung (BVB) ; Bibliothek / Personalcomputer / Benutzer (BVB) ; Personalcomputer / Bibliothek (BVB)
  BK: 06.60 / Bibliotheksbenutzung
  ASB: Ah ; Al ; Af ; Wbr 2 ; Wbr 1
  Eppelsheimer: Bib D 88 / Kleincomputer ; Bib A 589 Kleincomputer
  SFB: BID 5 ; BID 700 ; BID 762
  GHBS: AWU (DU) ; BAHW (FH K)
  LCC: Z678.93.M53
  RVK: AN 73600 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Datenverarbeitung / Einsatz in Benutzung und Ausleihe ; AN 73000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Datenverarbeitung / Allgemeines
  
• 17
  Penrose, R.: Computerdenken : Des Kaisers neue Kleider oder Die Debatte um Künstliche Intelligenz, Bewußtsein und die Gesetze der Physik.Mit einem Vorwort von Martin Gardner und einem Vorwort zur deutschen Ausgabe von Dieter Wandschneider; aus dem Englischen übersetzt von Michael Springer.
  Heidelberg : Spektrum der Wissenschaft Verlagsgesellschaft, 1991. XXI,454 S.
  ISBN 3-89330-708-7
  
  Abstract: In seinem Klassiker erläutert der international führende Mathematiker und Physiker, Sir Roger Penrose, seine These, dass die geistigen Fähigkeiten des menschlichen Gehirns nicht durch Berechnungen von Elektronengehirnen erreicht werden können - und provozierte eine neue KI-Debatte. . . . des Kaisers neue Kleider - steht auf dem Buchumschlag. Der renommierte englische Physiker Penrose will damit sichtbar machen, daß die Vertreter der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) nackt dastehen. Mit einem 400 Seiten langen Exkurs versucht er, ihre Behauptung zu widerlegen, daß Maschinen ebenso intelligent sein können wie Menschen. bild der wissenschaft Roger Penrose ( . . . ) gelang das Kunststück, mit dem formelgespickten Wälzer "The Emperors's New Mind" (auf deutsch jetzt unter dem geistlosen Titel "Computerdenken" erschienen) auf den US-Bestsellerlisten zu landen, ungeachtet aller Quanten-Ket-Vektoren und Einsteinscher Krüümungstensoren, mit denen der Autor seine Leser plagt. DER SPIEGEL Das erklärte Ziel dieses Buches ist, den Standpunkt einiger KI-Enthusiasten zu widerlegen, daß Computer irgendwann all das können, was menschliche Gehirne können - und sogar mehr. Aber der Leser merkt bald, dass Pnerose vor allem das Ziel verfolgt, einen Wegzur großen Synthese von klassischer Physik, Quantenphysik und Neurowissenschaften aufzuzeigen. John Horgan in Scientific American Wer "Computerdenken" liest (oder durcharbeitet), sollte nicht auf Antwort hoffen, darf aber neue Sichtwiesen und überraschende Interpretationen erwarten. Ein nahrhaftes Geschenk für naturwissenschaftlich Interessierte. Die Zeit Trotz des mathematichen Themas wurde The Emperor's New Mind prompt ein Bestseller und sein Autor zum bestgehaßten Mann der KI-Szene ( . . . ).
  
  Anmerkung: Originaltitel: The emperor's new mind
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Informatik ; Kognitionswissenschaft
  
  LCSH: Artificial intelligence ; Computers ; Physics / Philosophy ; Science / Philosophy ; Thought and thinking
  RSWK: Künstliche Intelligenz / Mathematik ; Künstliche Intelligenz / Physik ; Künstliche Intelligenz / Bewusstsein ; Künstliche Intelligenz / Quantengravitation / Erkenntnistheorie ; Bewusstsein / Philosophie
  BK: 54.08 Informatik in Beziehung zu Mensch und Gesellschaft
  DDC: 006.3
  SFB: NAT 29 ; PHIL 57 ; PSY 200 ; NAT 130 ; MA 50 ; NAT 83 ; EDV 90
  GHBS: HRF (SI) ; TVU (E) ; UHE (DU) ; UAQ (DU) ; TUC (DU) ; HNW (SI) ; HMZ (SI) ; HIM (SI)
  RVK: CC 5200 ; SG 700 ; ST 285 ; ST 300 ; UB 6000 ; UB 9000
  
• 18
  Dyer, H. u. A. Gunson (Comp.): ¬A directory of library and information retrieval software for microcomputers.4th ed.
  Aldershot : Gower, 1990. 142 S.
  
  Anmerkung: Rez. in: Library review 40(1991) no.4, S.58-59
  
  Themenfeld: Bibliographische Software
  
  LCSH: Microcomputers / Library applications / Directories
  Precis: Libraries / Applications of microcomputer systems / Software packages
  DDC: 020.285536
  LCC: Z678.9
  
• 19
  Liebenau, J. ; Backhouse, J.: Understanding information : an introduction.
  London : MacMillan, 1990. IX,125 S.
  ISBN 0-333-53680-0
  (Macmillan information systems series)
  
  Themenfeld: Information
  
  LCSH: Information storage and retrieval systems ; Electronic digital computers
  Precis: Information systems
  DDC: 303.4833
  LCC: Z699
  RVK: QA76.5
  
• 20
  Davis, P.J. ; Hersh, R.: Descartes' Traum : über die Mathematisierung von Zeit und Raum ; von denkenden Computern, Politik und Liebe.Aus d. Amerikan. u. mit e. Glossar von Klaus Volkert.
  Frankfurt am Main : Krüger, 1988. 422 S.
  ISBN 3-8105-0423-8
  
  Abstract: Es war René Descartes, der die Welt im 17. Jahrhundert auf den Kurs steuerte, dessen Stationen bald seine kühnsten Träume übersteigen sollten: die Rationalisierung der Welt, ihre Erkundung und Beherrschung durch die Methoden der Messung, des Zählens, Quantifizierens und Analysierens. Philip J. Davis und Reuben Hersh fahren diese Route erneut ab und stellen in ihrem »Kursbuch«, das erstmals 1986 erschien, eine Reihe wichtiger Fragen: Wie beeinflußt die Computerisierung der Welt die materiellen und intellektuellen Bausteine unserer Zivilisation? Wie verändert der Computer unsere Vorstellungen von der Realität, vom Wissen und von der Zeit? Hat er unser alltägliches Leben tatsächlich erleichtert?
  
  Inhalt: Weitere Ausgaben.
  
  Anmerkung: Originaltitel: Descartes' dream
  
  
  LCSH: Descartes, René ; Mathematics / Philosophy ; Mathematics / Social aspects ; Computers and civilization
  RSWK: Angewandte Mathematik / Aufsatzsammlung ; Mathematisierung / Aufsatzsammlung ; Mathematisierung / Weltbild ; Datenverarbeitung / Ethik ; Datenverarbeitung / Kritik ; Mathematisierung / Gesellschaft / Entwicklung / Aufsatzsammlung (DNB) ; Vernunft (VÖB) ; Mathematik (VÖB)
  BK: 31.02 Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheorie der Mathematik ; 54.08 Informatik in Beziehung zu Mensch und Gesellschaft
  Eppelsheimer: Mat A 72 ; Mat T 1072 ; Mat A 73 / Mathematisierung
  SFB: MA 28 ; MA 45 ; PHIL 133 ; S 943
  GHBS: TBP (PB) ; TUJ (W) ; TBW (W) ; SUA (HA)
  RVK: CC 2600 ; CF 3017 ; QH 100 ; SG 700 ; SK 130