Literatur zur Informationserschließung

Diese Datenbank enthält über 40.000 Dokumente zu Themen aus den Bereichen Formalerschließung – Inhaltserschließung – Information Retrieval.

© 2015 W. Gödert, TH Köln, Institut für Informationswissenschaft / Powered by litecat, BIS Oldenburg (Stand: 28. April 2022)

Suchergebnisse

• 1
  O'Connor, C. ; Weatherall, J.O.: ¬The misinformation age : how false ideas spread.
  New Haven, CT : Yale University Press, 2019. ix, 266 S.
  ISBN 978-0-300-23401-5
  
  Abstract: The social dynamics of alternative facts: why what you believe depends on who you know. Why should we care about having true beliefs? And why do demonstrably false beliefs persist and spread despite bad, even fatal, consequences for the people who hold them? Philosophers of science Cailin OConnor and James Weatherall argue that social factors, rather than individual psychology, are whats essential to understanding the spread and persistence of false beliefs. It might seem that theres an obvious reason that true beliefs matter: false beliefs will hurt you. But if thats right, then why is it (apparently) irrelevant to many people whether they believe true things or not? The Misinformation Age, written for a political era riven by fake news, alternative facts, and disputes over the validity of everything from climate change to the size of inauguration crowds, shows convincingly that what you believe depends on who you know. If social forces explain the persistence of false belief, we must understand how those forces work in order to fight misinformation effectively.
  
  Anmerkung: Rez. in: JASIST 71(2020) no.5, S.612-615 (Marc Kosciejew).
  
  Themenfeld: Information
  Wissenschaftsfach: Kommunikationswissenschaften ; Politikwissenschaft
  
  LCSH: Errors / Social aspects ; Errors / Psychological aspects
  RSWK: Falschmeldung / Fehlinformation / Massenmedien / Neue Medien / Informationsgesellschaft / Desinformation ; Fehlinformation / Verbreitung info / Informationsgesellschaft
  BK: 05.20 Kommunikation und Gesellschaft
  RVK: AP 14050 ; LC 13000 ; MF 1000
  
• 2
  Buckland, M.K.: Information and society.
  Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, 2017. xiv, 217 S.
  ISBN 978-0-262-53338-6
  (MIT Press Essential Knowledge series)
  
  Abstract: iWe live in an information society, or so we are often told. But what does that mean? This volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series offers a concise, informal account of the ways in which information and society are related and of our ever-increasing dependence on a complex multiplicity of messages, records, documents, and data. Using information in its everyday, nonspecialized sense, Michael Buckland explores the influence of information on what we know, the role of communication and recorded information in our daily lives, and the difficulty (or ease) of finding information. He shows that all this involves human perception, social behavior, changing technologies, and issues of trust. Buckland argues that every society is an "information society"; a "non-information society" would be a contradiction in terms. But the shift from oral and gestural communication to documents, and the wider use of documents facilitated by new technologies, have made our society particularly information intensive. Buckland describes the rising flood of data, documents, and records, outlines the dramatic long-term growth of documents, and traces the rise of techniques to cope with them. He examines the physical manifestation of information as documents, the emergence of data sets, and how documents and data are discovered and used. He explores what individuals and societies do with information; offers a basic summary of how collected documents are arranged and described; considers the nature of naming; explains the uses of metadata; and evaluates selection methods, considering relevance, recall, and precision.
  
  
  LCSH: Information science / Sociological aspects ; Communication / Social aspects ; Documentation / Social aspects ; Information society
  BK: 05.20 (Kommunikation und Gesellschaft)
  LCC: HM851
  
• 3
  Ianni, G. et al. (Hrsg.): Reasoning Web : Semantic Interoperability on the Web, 13th International Summer School 2017, London, UK, July 7-11, 2017, Tutorial Lectures.
  Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. XI, 347 S.
  ISBN 978-3-319-61032-0
  (Lecture Notes in Computer Scienc;10370 )(Information Systems and Applications, incl. Internet/Web, and HCI)
  
  Abstract: This volume contains the lecture notes of the 13th Reasoning Web Summer School, RW 2017, held in London, UK, in July 2017. In 2017, the theme of the school was "Semantic Interoperability on the Web", which encompasses subjects such as data integration, open data management, reasoning over linked data, database to ontology mapping, query answering over ontologies, hybrid reasoning with rules and ontologies, and ontology-based dynamic systems. The papers of this volume focus on these topics and also address foundational reasoning techniques used in answer set programming and ontologies.
  
  Inhalt: Neumaier, Sebastian (et al.): Data Integration for Open Data on the Web - Stamou, Giorgos (et al.): Ontological Query Answering over Semantic Data - Calì, Andrea: Ontology Querying: Datalog Strikes Back - Sequeda, Juan F.: Integrating Relational Databases with the Semantic Web: A Reflection - Rousset, Marie-Christine (et al.): Datalog Revisited for Reasoning in Linked Data - Kaminski, Roland (et al.): A Tutorial on Hybrid Answer Set Solving with clingo - Eiter, Thomas (et al.): Answer Set Programming with External Source Access - Lukasiewicz, Thomas: Uncertainty Reasoning for the Semantic Web - Calvanese, Diego (et al.): OBDA for Log Extraction in Process Mining
  
  Themenfeld: Wissensrepräsentation ; Semantic Web ; Semantische Interoperabilität
  
  LCSH: Computer science ; Mathematical logic ; Database management ; Information storage and retrieval ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer Science ; Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages
  RSWK: RDF / Terminologische Logik ; Terminologische Logik ; OWL ; Ontologie / Semantic Web
  RVK: SS 4800
  
• 4
  White, R.W.: Interactions with search systems.
  New York : Cambridge University Press, 2016. xvi, 509 S.
  ISBN 978-1-107-03422-8
  
  Abstract: Information seeking is a fundamental human activity. In the modern world, it is frequently conducted through interactions with search systems. The retrieval and comprehension of information returned by these systems is a key part of decision making and action in a broad range of settings. Advances in data availability coupled with new interaction paradigms, and mobile and cloud computing capabilities, have created a broad range of new opportunities for information access and use. In this comprehensive book for professionals, researchers, and students involved in search system design and evaluation, search expert Ryen White discusses how search systems can capitalize on new capabilities and how next-generation systems must support higher order search activities such as task completion, learning, and decision making. He outlines the implications of these changes for the evolution of search evaluation, as well as challenges that extend beyond search systems in areas such as privacy and societal benefit.
  
  Anmerkung: Vgl. auch den Beitrag: Lewandowski, D.: Wie "Next Generation Search Systems" die Suche auf eine neue Ebene heben und die Informationswelt verändern. In: http://www.password-online.de/?wysija-page=1&controller=email&action=view&email_id=254&wysijap=subscriptions&user_id=1045..
  
  Themenfeld: Suchmaschinen ; Katalogfragen allgemein
  
  LCSH: Search engines / Technological innovations
  RSWK: Information Retrieval
  BK: 06.74 (Informationssysteme)
  DDC: 025.04252 / dc23
  LCC: TK5105.884
  RVK: ST 270 ; ST 278
  
• 5
  Borgman, C.L.: Big data, little data, no data : scholarship in the networked world.
  Cambridge, MA : MIT Press, 2015. XXV, 383 S.
  ISBN 978-0-262-02856-1
  
  Abstract: "Big Data" is on the covers of Science, Nature, the Economist, and Wired magazines, on the front pages of the Wall Street Journal and the New York Times. But despite the media hyperbole, as Christine Borgman points out in this examination of data and scholarly research, having the right data is usually better than having more data; little data can be just as valuable as big data. In many cases, there are no data -- because relevant data don't exist, cannot be found, or are not available. Moreover, data sharing is difficult, incentives to do so are minimal, and data practices vary widely across disciplines. Borgman, an often-cited authority on scholarly communication, argues that data have no value or meaning in isolation; they exist within a knowledge infrastructure -- an ecology of people, practices, technologies, institutions, material objects, and relationships. After laying out the premises of her investigation -- six "provocations" meant to inspire discussion about the uses of data in scholarship -- Borgman offers case studies of data practices in the sciences, the social sciences, and the humanities, and then considers the implications of her findings for scholarly practice and research policy. To manage and exploit data over the long term, Borgman argues, requires massive investment in knowledge infrastructures; at stake is the future of scholarship.
  
  Inhalt: Provocations -- What are data? -- Data scholarship -- Data diversity -- Data scholarship in the sciences -- Data scholarship in the social sciences -- Data scholarship in the humanities -- Sharing, releasing, and reusing data -- Credit, attribution, and discovery of data -- What to keep and why to keep them.
  
  Anmerkung: Weitere Rez. in: JASIST 67(2016) no.3, S.751-753 (C. Tenopir).
  
  
  LCSH: Communication in learning and scholarship / Technological innovations ; Research / Methodology ; Research / Data processing ; Information technology ; Information storage and retrieval systems ; Cyberinfrastructure
  RSWK: Wissenschaft / Digitalisierung ; Forschung / Datenauswertung / Massendaten / Integrität ; Forschung / Datenverarbeitung / Informationssystem / Wissenschaft / E-Science
  BK: 54.04 Ausbildung, Beruf, Organisationen Informatik ; 06.35 Informationsmanagement ; 02.13 Wissenschaftspraxis
  DDC: 004 ; 020
  GHBS: TZB (PB)
  LCC: AZ195
  RVK: AK 28000 ; AK 28400 ; AK 39950
  
• 6
  Tetens, H.: Philosophisches Argumentieren : Eine Einführung.4., unveränd. Aufl.
  München : Beck, 2015. 311 S.
  ISBN 978-3-406-51114-1
  (Beck'sche Reihe ; 1607)
  
  Abstract: Wer philosophiert, der argumentiert. Dabei hält sich das erstaunliche Vorurteil, daß beim philosophischen Argumentieren einfach nur die formale Logik auf die Themen der Philosophie anzuwenden sei. Aber mit Logikkenntnissen allein ist es nicht getan. Das spannende und aufregende Denkabenteuer philosophischen Argumentierens beginnt jenseits des bloß Formalen. Holm Tetens legt ein Buch vor, das in die Eigenheiten philosophischen Argumentierens ganz von den inhaltlichen Themen und Problemen der Philosophie her einführt. Dabei kommt die formale Logik durchaus zu ihrem Recht, indem zu Anfang ihre Prinzipien und die Technik ihrer Anwendung vorgestellt werden. Ansonsten ist das Buch aber so untechnisch geschrieben, daß man ihm auch ohne tiefere Logikkenntnisse gut folgen kann. Für jeden, der sich für die Philosophie interessiert, sei er Anfänger, Laie oder bereits gut mit ihr vertraut, hält dieses Buch eine Fülle an Informationen und provokanten Denkanregungen bereit.
  
  Themenfeld: Grundlagen u. Einführungen: Allgemeine Literatur
  Wissenschaftsfach: Philosophie
  
  LCSH: Logic ; Reasoning
  RSWK: Philosophie / Argumentation / Einführung ; Aussagenlogik
  BK: 08.33 Logik Philosophie ; 08.03 Grundlagen und Methoden der Philosophie
  DDC: 168 / DDC22ger
  GHBS: HLF (HA) ; HIE (W) ; HLH (E)
  LCC: BC177
  RVK: CB 4000: Einführungen in die Philosophie / Philosophie / Allgemeines ; CC 2400: Einführungen, Handbücher, Sammelbände und Bibliografien / Philosophie / Systematische Philosophie ; CC 2500
  
• 7
  Cronin, B. u. C.R. Sugimoto (Hrsg.): Beyond bibliometrics : harnessing multidimensional indicators of scholarly intent.
  Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, 2014. VIII, 466 S.
  ISBN 978-0-262-52551-0
  
  Abstract: Bibliometrics has moved well beyond the mere tracking of bibliographic citations. The web enables new ways to measure scholarly productivity and impact, making available tools and data that can reveal patterns of intellectual activity and impact that were previously invisible: mentions, acknowledgments, endorsements, downloads, recommendations, blog posts, tweets. This book describes recent theoretical and practical advances in metrics-based research, examining a variety of alternative metrics -- or "altmetrics" -- while also considering the ethical and cultural consequences of relying on metrics to assess the quality of scholarship. Once the domain of information scientists and mathematicians, bibliometrics is now a fast-growing, multidisciplinary field that ranges from webometrics to scientometrics to influmetrics. The contributors to Beyond Bibliometrics discuss the changing environment of scholarly publishing, the effects of open access and Web 2.0 on genres of discourse, novel analytic methods, and the emergence of next-generation metrics in a performance-conscious age.
  
  Inhalt: Inhalt: Scholars and scripts, spoors and scores / Blaise CroninHistory and evolution of (biblio)metrics / Nicola De Bellis -- The citation : from culture to infrastructure / Paul Wouters -- The data it is me! / Ronald E. Day -- The ethics of evaluative bibliometrics / Jonathan Furner -- Criteria for evaluating indicators / Yves Gingras -- Obliteration by incorporation / Katherine W. McCain -- A network approach to scholarly evaluation / Jevin D. West and Daril A. Vilhena -- Science visualization and discursive knowledge / Loet Leydesdorff -- Measuring interdisciplinarity / Vincent Larivière and Yves Gingras -- Bibliometric standards for evaluating research institutes in the natural sciences / Lutz Bornmann, Benjamin E. Bowman, Jonathan Bauer, Werner Marx, Hermann Schier and Margit Palzenberger -- Identifying and quantifying research strengths using market segmentation / Kevin W. Boyack and Richard Klavans -- Finding and recommending scholarly articles / Michael J. Kurtz and Edwin A. Henneken -- Altmetrics / Jason Priem -- Web impact measures for research assessment / Kayvan Kousha and Mike Thelwall -- Bibliographic references in Web 2.0 / Judit Bar-Illan, Hadas Shema and Mike Thelwall -- Readership metrics / Stefanie Haustein -- Evaluating the work of judges / Peter Hook -- Academic genealogy / Cassidy R. Sugimoto -- A publishing perspective on bibliometrics / Judith Kamalski, Andrew Plume and Mayur Amin -- Science metrics and science policy / Julia Lane, Mark Largent and Rebecca Rosen.
  
  Anmerkung: Rez. in: JASIST 67(2016) no.7, S.1780-1783 (Daniel O'Connor).
  
  
  LCSH: Bibliometrics ; Bibliographical citations / Evaluation ; Scholarly publishing / Evaluation ; Scholarly electronic publishing / Evaluation ; Scientific literature / Evaluation ; Research / Evaluation / Statistical methods ; Communication in learning and scholarship / Technological innovations
  RSWK: Bibliometrie / Aufsatzsammlung ; Altmetrische Daten / Aufsatzsammlung
  BK: 06.35 Informationsmanagement ; 02.13 Wissenschaftspraxis
  DDC: 010.72/7 / ddc23
  GHBS: AZC (E)
  LCC: Z669.8
  RVK: AK 28100 ; AN 96300 ; AN 96800
  
• 8
  Leonardi, P.M. et al. (Hrsg.): Materiality and organizing : social interaction in a technological world.
  Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press, 2013. XIV, 365 S.
  ISBN 978-0-19-966405-4
  
  Abstract: Ask a person on the street whether new technologies bring about important social change and you are likely to hear a resounding "yes." But the answer is less definitive amongst academics who study technology and social practice. Scholarly writing has been heavily influenced by the ideology of technological determinism - the belief that some types or technologically driven social changes are inevitable and cannot be stopped. Rather than argue for or against notions of determinism, the authors in this book ask how the materiality (the arrangement of physical, digital, or rhetorical materials into particular forms that endure across differences in place and time) of technologies, ranging from computer-simulation tools and social media, to ranking devices and rumors, is actually implicated in the process of formal and informal organizing. The book builds a new theoretical framework to consider the important socio-technical changes confronting people's everyday experiences in and outside of work. Leading scholars in the field contribute original chapters examining the complex interactions between technology and the social, between artifact and humans. The discussion spans multiple disciplines, including management, information systems, informatics, communication, sociology, and the history of technology, and opens up a new area of research regarding the relationship between materiality and organizing.
  
  Inhalt: Materiality and Organizing marks a long overdue turning point in the scholarly study of the human-technology relationship that now engulfs our lives. For too long, researchers have tended to treat technology as a dream conjured by agents and imbued with their projects. This brilliant sequence of essays restores and deepens the entire field of perception. It finally returns us to the facticity of technology as it persistently redefines the horizon of the possible. These tightly argued masterpieces reestablish technology as embodied and significant. Most importantly, they return us to materiality just in time. With each passing day, technology becomes both more abstracted from its physical manifestations and more ubiquitous, producing a dematerialized materiality. Only a relentless focus on this paradox will yield the intellectual tools that are required to participate in our own destinies. Shoshana Zuboff, Charles Edward Wilson Professor, Harvard Business School This volume is a much-needed exploration of the material aspects of the technologies that have reshaped our world. For two decades, a narrative framing technologies as social constructions has led to important advances in our understanding of their nature and impacts. Materiality and Organizing provides an important counterbalance to this approach in its exploration of the dimensions of materiality that constrain but also enable technologies to connect with and affect people, organizations, and society. This volume is required reading for scholars interested in technology, its development, and its impacts. Its insights into information technology are particularly significant. Professor Marshall Scott Poole, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign For too long the materiality of social life has been ignored by sociologists and organization studies scholars. The role of materiality in social life is turning out to be one of the most interesting and difficult issues in the field. This multidisciplinary collection does not offer a single solution but offers the latest thoughts of scholars who try and take materiality seriously in their own research. The resulting volume is a deep and fascinating collection of essays. (Professor Trevor Pinch, Cornell University)
  
  Anmerkung: Rez. in: JASIST 66(2015) no.12, S.2717-2720 (G.F. Lanzara)
  
  
  LCSH: Computers / Social aspects ; Technological innovations / Social aspects ; Digital communications / Social aspects ; Organizational behavior
  RSWK: Interaktion e.V. / Technologie / Kommunikation / Organisationsverhalten / Materialität / Aufsatzsammlung
  DDC: 303.4834
  GHBS: ORD (E)
  LCC: HM1111.M38 2012
  
• 9
  Parrochia, D. ; Neuville, D.: Towards a general theory of classifications.
  Basel : Birkhäuser, 2013. XXIII, 304 S.
  ISBN 978-3-0348-0608-4
  (Studies in universal logic)
  
  Abstract: This book is an essay on the epistemology of classifications. Its main purpose is not to provide an exposition of an actual mathematical theory of classifications, that is, a general theory which would be available to any kind of them: hierarchical or non-hierarchical, ordinary or fuzzy, overlapping or not overlapping, finite or infinite, and so on, establishing a basis for all possible divisions of the real world. For the moment, such a theory remains nothing but a dream. Instead, the authors are essentially put forward a number of key questions. Their aim is rather to reveal the "state of art" of this dynamic field and the philosophy one may eventually adopt to go further. To this end they present some advances made in the course of the last century, discuss a few tricky problems that remain to be solved, and show the avenues open to those who no longer wish to stay on the wrong track. Researchers and professionals interested in the epistemology and philosophy of science, library science, logic and set theory, order theory or cluster analysis will find this book a comprehensive, original and progressive introduction to the main questions in this field.
  
  Inhalt: Philosophical problemsInformation / data structures / Empirical clustering and classic hierarchies / Algebra of trees / Generalized classifications / Topology of generalized classifications / Metaclassification / For an axiomatic theory of classifications / Alternative theories and higher infinite / Postscript.
  
  
  LCSH: Categories (Philosophy) ; Classification / Mathematics ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Mathematics / Philosophy
  RSWK: Klassifikation
  BK: 31.10 Mathematische Logik Mengenlehre ; 31.11 Ordnungen allgemeine mathematische Systeme ; 31.02 Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheorie der Mathematik
  DDC: 001.01/2 / dc23
  LCC: BC172
  RVK: CC 2600
  
• 10
  Hider, P.: Information resource description : creating and managing metadata.
  London : Facet Publ., 2012. XIX, 220 S.
  ISBN 978-1-85604-667-1
  
  Abstract: An overview of the field of information organization that examines resource description as both a product and process of the contemporary digital environment. This timely book employs the unifying mechanism of the semantic web and the resource description framework to integrate the various traditions and practices of information and knowledge organization. Uniquely, it covers both the domain-specific traditions and practices and the practices of the 'metadata movement' through a single lens - that of resource description in the broadest, semantic web sense. This approach more readily accommodates coverage of the new Resource Description and Access (RDA) standard, which aims to move library cataloguing into the centre of the semantic web. The work surrounding RDA looks set to revolutionise the field of information organization, and this book will bring both the standard and its model and concepts into focus.
  
  Inhalt: Information resource attributes - metadata for information retrieval - metadata sources and quality - economics and management of metadata - knowledge organization systems - the semantic web - books and e-books, websites and audiovisual resources - business and government documents - learning resources - the field of information/knowledge organization.
  
  Themenfeld: Formalerschließung ; Metadaten
  
  LCSH: Libraries / information technology ; Libraries / Technological innovations ; Digital preservation ; Metadata ; Metadata
  RSWK: Metadaten / Informationsquelle ; Metadaten / Management (BVB) ; Information / Beschreibung (BVB) ; Bestandserschließung (BVB)
  BK: 06.99 (Information und Dokumentation: Sonstiges)
  DDC: 025.3
  GHBS: BBV (FH K)
  LCC: Z666.7.H53 2013
  RVK: AN 95000
  
• 11
  Chalmers, D.J.: Constructing the world.
  Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press, 2012. xxiii, 494 S.
  ISBN 978-0-19-960858-4
  
  Abstract: David J. Chalmers constructs a highly ambitious and original picture of the world, from a few basic elements. He develops and extends Rudolf Carnap's attempt to do the same in Der Logische Aufbau Der Welt (1928). Carnap gave a blueprint for describing the entire world using a limited vocabulary, so that all truths about the world could be derived from that description--but his Aufbau is often seen as a noble failure. In Constructing the World, Chalmers argues that something like the Aufbau project can succeed. With the right vocabulary and the right derivation relation, we can indeed construct the world. The focal point of Chalmers's project is scrutability: roughly, the thesis that ideal reasoning from a limited class of basic truths yields all truths about the world. Chalmers first argues for the scrutability thesis and then considers how small the base can be. All this can be seen as a project in metaphysical epistemology: epistemology in service of a global picture of the world and of our conception thereof. The scrutability framework has ramifications throughout philosophy. Using it, Chalmers defends a broadly Fregean approach to meaning, argues for an internalist approach to the contents of thought, and rebuts W. V. Quine's arguments against the analytic and the a priori. He also uses scrutability to analyze the unity of science, to defend a conceptual approach to metaphysics, and to mount a structuralist response to skepticism. Based on Chalmers's 2010 John Locke lectures, Constructing the World opens up debate on central areas of philosophy including philosophy of language, consciousness, knowledge, and reality. This major work by a leading philosopher will appeal to philosophers in all areas.
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Kognitionswissenschaft ; Philosophie
  
  LCSH: Knowledge, Theory of ; Logical positivism
  RSWK: Erkenntnistheorie ; Carnap, Rudolf: Der logische Aufbau der Welt ; Neopositivismus
  BK: 08.24 (Neue westliche Philosophie) ; 08.32 (Erkenntnistheorie)
  DDC: 121 / dc23
  LCC: BD161
  RVK: CC 4400
  
• 12
  Tononi, G.: Phi : a voyage from the brain to the soul.
  New York : Pantheon Books, 2012. XII, 364 S.
  ISBN 978-0-30-790721-9
  
  Abstract: From one of the most original and influential neuroscientists at work today, here is an exploration of consciousness unlike any other-as told by Galileo, who opened the way for the objectivity of science and is now intent on making subjective experience a part of science as well. Giulio Tononi is one of the most creative and the most influential neurologists in the world nowadays. Tononis way of exploring consciousness is different from those of the others, which is that his course of exploring consciousness is narrated by Galileo who used to pave the way for the objectivity of science and devoted himself to making subjective experience a part of science in the book Phi:a Voyage from the Brain to the Soul. Galileo's journey has three parts, each with a different guide. In the first, accompanied by a scientist who resembles Francis Crick, he learns why certain parts of the brain are important and not others, and why consciousness fades with sleep. In the second part, when his companion seems to be named Alturi (Galileo is hard of hearing; his companion's name is actually Alan Turing), he sees how the facts assembled in the first part can be unified and understood through a scientific theory-a theory that links consciousness to the notion of integrated information (also known as phi). In the third part, accompanied by a bearded man who can only be Charles Darwin, he meditates on how consciousness is an evolving, developing, ever-deepening awareness of ourselves in history and culture-that it is everything we have and everything we are. Not since Gödel, Escher, Bach has there been a book that interweaves science, art, and the imagination with such originality. This beautiful and arresting narrative will transform the way we think of ourselves and the world.
  
  Themenfeld: Information
  Wissenschaftsfach: Kognitionswissenschaft
  
  LCSH: Consciousness / Physiological aspects ; Brain / Physiology ; Mind and body ; Neuropsychology
  RSWK: Bewusstsein / Gehirn / Physiologie / Leib-Seele-Problem
  BK: 77.50 (Psychophysiologie) ; 77.47 (Bewußtseinszustände) ; 44.37 (Physiologie)
  DDC: 612.8 / dc23
  GHBS: TUP ; TZH
  LCC: QP411
  
• 13
  Terzis, G. u. R. Arp (Hrsg.): Information and living systems : philosophical and scientific perspectives.
  Cambridge, MA : MIT Press, 2011. XLIII, 414 S.
  ISBN 978-0-262-20174-2
  
  Abstract: This volume has the virtue of airing a number of refreshing voices that are not often heard on this side of the Atlantic, and that bring perspectives that should energize our conversations about information in living systems." --Evelyn Fox Keller, MIT "Terzis and Arp have brought together an international array of experimental and theoretical scientists, philosophers, and cognitive scientists to explore the most consequential notion in modern biology--information. The notion is indispensable to molecular biology, and yet we have no idea how seriously we need to take it in that domain. The role of information is equally central to the origin and maintenance of life in a Second Law-driven world that destroys order. And the naturalization of information is the only bridge that can be crossed from cognitive psychology to neuroscience. All of these issues are faced squarely and accessibly in this important volume." --Alex Rosenberg, Duke University "Since the 1960s at least, it has become clear that we cannot content ourselves with describing living systems, and their life cycles, only in terms of matter and energy. An additional dimension--information--is the necessary complement. However, following an initial enthusiasm for an information-based approach to biology, conceptual developments and practical applications have been slow, to such an extent that doubts have eventually arisen, among biologists and philosophers alike, as to the real relevance, if not the legitimacy, of this approach. How profoundly ill-advised were those concerns is dramatically demonstrated by this excellent collection. Information and Living Systems provides a convincing and healthily fresh overview of this subject area in many of its ramifications, throughout the whole of biology." --Alessandro Minelli, University of Padova "Since the time of the discovery of the double-helical structure of DNA and its expression, scientists and philosophers have become increasingly aware that information is integral to the understanding of the organization of life--indeed, to the understanding of life. Information and Living Systems covers the gamut of issues--from the properties of the organism itself to epigenetic and evolutionary considerations to cognition, language, and personality. It transcends in scope and depth any available publications on bioinformation known to me. It is an important scholarly contribution that will interest professional biologists, philosophers, and information theorists, and will be very useful in courses for advanced undergraduate and graduate students.
  
  Inhalt: The need for a universal definition of life in twenty-first-century biology -- Energy coupling -- Bioinformation as a triadic relation -- The biosemiotic approach in biology : theoretical bases and applied models -- Problem solving in the life cycles of multicellular organisms : immunology and cancer -- The informational nature of biological causality -- The self-construction of a living organism -- Plasticity and complexity in biology : topological organization, regulatory protein networks, and mechanisms of genetic expression -- Decision making in the economy of nature : value as information -- Information theory and perception : the role of constraints, and what do we maximize information about? -- Attention, information, and epistemic perception -- Biolinguistics and information -- The biology of personality
  
  Anmerkung: Rez. in: JASIST 63(2012) no.2, S.425-427 (Emily Miller)
  
  Themenfeld: Information
  
  LCSH: Information theory in biology ; Computational Biology ; Information Theory ; Biological Phenomena
  RSWK: Biologie / Informationstheorie / Bioinformatik
  BK: 42.11 / Biomathematik / Biokybernetik ; 42.02 / Philosophie und Theorie der Biologie
  DDC: 570
  LCC: QH507
  
• 14
  DeNardis, L. (Hrsg.): Opening standards : the global politics of interoperability.
  Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, 2011. xv, 255 S.
  ISBN 978-0-262-01602-5
  (Information society series)
  
  Abstract: Openness is not a given on the Internet. Technical standards--the underlying architecture that enables interoperability among hardware and software from different manufacturers--increasingly control individual freedom and the pace of innovation in technology markets. Heated battles rage over the very definition of "openness" and what constitutes an open standard in information and communication technologies. In Opening Standards, experts from industry, academia, and public policy explore just what is at stake in these controversies, considering both economic and political implications of open standards. The book examines the effect of open standards on innovation, on the relationship between interoperability and public policy (and if government has a responsibility to promote open standards), and on intellectual property rights in standardization--an issue at the heart of current global controversies. Finally, Opening Standards recommends a framework for defining openness in twenty-first-century information infrastructures. Contributors discuss such topics as how to reflect the public interest in the private standards-setting process; why open standards have a beneficial effect on competition and Internet freedom; the effects of intellectual property rights on standards openness; and how to define standard, open standard, and software interoperability.
  
  Inhalt: Inhalt: Introduction: Global Controversies over Open Standards - The Politics of Interoperability / p. 1 - Injecting the public interest into ICT standards / John B. Morris -- The government at the standards bazaar / Stacy Baird -- Governments, the public interest, and standards setting / D. Linda Garcia -- Securing the root / Brenden Kuerbis and Milton Mueller -- Open document standards for government, the South Africa experience / Andrew Rens -- An economic basis for open standards / Rishab Ghosh -- Open innovation and interoperability / Nick Tsilas -- Standards, trade, and development / John Wilson -- Questioning copyright in standards / Pamela Samuelson -- Constructing legitimacy : the W3C's patent policy / Andrew Russell -- Common and uncommon knowledge : reducing conflict between standards and patents / Brian Kahin -- ICT standard setting today : a system under stress / Andrew Updegrove -- Software standards, openness, and interoperability / Robert Sutor -- Open standards : definition and policy / Ken Krechmer. Elektronische Ausgabe unter: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/academiccompletetitles/home.action; http://site.ebrary.com/lib/alltitles/docDetail.action?docID=10496262.
  
  Anmerkung: Rez. in: JASIST 64(2013) no.4, S.868-870 (B. Chawner)
  
  
  LCSH: Computer networks / Standards / Government policy ; Computer networks / Standards / Political aspects ; Computer networks / Standards / Economic aspects ; Internetworking (Telecommunication) / Technological innovations
  RSWK: Software / Standardisierung / Interoperabilität / Publizität / Aufsatzsammlung
  DDC: 004.6/2
  LCC: TK5105.55
  RVK: QR 700
  
• 15
  Foster, A. ; Rafferty, P. (Hrsg.): Innovations in information retrieval : perspectives for theory and practice.
  London : Facet Publ., 2011. XVIII, 156 S.
  ISBN 978-1-85604-697-8
  
  Abstract: The advent of new information retrieval (IR) technologies and approaches to storage and retrieval provide communities with previously unheard of opportunities for mass documentation, digitization, and the recording of information in all its forms. This book introduces and contextualizes these developments and looks at supporting research in IR, the debates, theories and issues. Contributed by an international team of experts, each authored chapter provides a snapshot of changes in the field, as well as the importance of developing innovation, creativity and thinking in IR practice and research. Key discussion areas include: browsing in new information environments classification revisited: a web of knowledge approaches to fiction retrieval research music information retrieval research folksonomies, social tagging and information retrieval digital information interaction as semantic navigation assessing web search machines: a webometric approach. The questions raised are of significance to the whole international library and information science community, and this is essential reading for LIS professionals , researchers and students, and for all those interested in the future of IR.
  
  Inhalt: Inhalt: Bawden, D.: Encountering on the road to serendip? Browsing in new information environments. - Slavic, A.: Classification revisited: a web of knowledge. - Vernitski, A. u. P. Rafferty: Approaches to fiction retrieval research, from theory to practice? - Inskip, C.: Music information retrieval research. - Peters, I.: Folksonomies, social tagging and information retrieval. - Kopak, R., L. Freund u. H. O'Brien: Digital information interaction as semantic navigation. - Thelwall, M.: Assessing web search engines: a webometric approach
  
  Anmerkung: Rez. in: Mitt VÖB 64(2911) H.3/4, S.547-553 (O. Oberhauser): "Dieser mit 156 Seiten (inklusive Register) relativ schmale Band enthält sieben mit dem Gütesiegel "peer-reviewed" versehene Beiträge namhafter Autoren zu "research fronts" auf dem Gebiet des Information Retrieval (IR) - ein Begriff, der hier durchaus breit verstanden wird. Wie die Herausgeber Allen Foster und Pauline Rafferty - beide aus dem Department of Information Studies an der Aberystwyth University (Wales) - in ihrer Einleitung betonen, sind Theorie und Praxis der Wissensorganisation im Internet- Zeitalter nicht mehr nur die Domäne von Informationswissenschaftlern und Bibliotheksfachleuten, sondern auch von Informatikern, Semantic-Web-Entwicklern und Wissensmanagern aus den verschiedensten Institutionen; neben das wissenschaftliche Interesse am Objektbereich ist nun auch das kommerzielle getreten. Die Verarbeitung von Massendaten, die Beschäftigung mit komplexen Medien und die Erforschung der Möglichkeiten zur Einbeziehung der Rezipienten sind insbesondere die Aspekte, um die es heute geht. ..." Weitere Rez. in: Library review 61(2012) no.3, S.233-235 (G. Macgregor); J. Doc. 69(2013) no.2, S.320-321 (J. Bates)
  
  
  LCSH: Information retrieval / Technological innovations
  RSWK: Information Retrieval
  BK: 06.74 / Informationssysteme
  DDC: 025.524
  GHBS: BCA (FH K)
  
• 16
  Bergmann, J. u. P. Danowski (Hrsg.): Handbuch Bibliothek 2.0.
  Berlin : De Gruyter Saur, 2010. XII, 392 S.
  ISBN 978-3-11-023209-7 * ; 978-3-598-023210-3
  (Bibliothekspraxis ; 41)
  
  Abstract: Unter Bibliothek 2.0 verstehen die Herausgeber eine Einrichtung, die die Prinzipien des Web 2.0 wie Offenheit, Wiederverwendung (ReUse), Kollaboration und Interaktion in der Gesamtorganisation anwendet. Bibliotheken erweitern Serviceangebote und Arbeitsabläufe um die Möglichkeiten der Web 2.0-Technologien. Dies verändert Berufsbild und Selbstverständnis der Bibliothekare. Der Sammelband bietet einen kompletten Überblick zum Thema Bibliothek 2.0 und den aktuellen Stand der Entwicklungen aus technologischer, soziologischer, informationstheoretischer sowie praxisorientierter Sicht.
  
  Anmerkung: Vgl. Anzeige in: BuB. 62(2010) H.9, S.613.
  
  
  LCSH: Libraries and the Internet ; Web 2.0 ; Libraries / Information technology ; Public services (Libraries) / Technological innovations ; Librarians / Effect of technological innovations on
  RSWK: Bibliothek / World Wide Web 2.0 / Aufsatzsammlung
  BK: 05.38 / Neue elektronische Medien
  DDC: 020.285/4678 / dc22
  GHBS: AUB (DU) ; AWU (DU) ; AVZ (PB) ; AUC (SI) ; AWW (W) ; AWKA (HA) ; BBO (FH K)
  LCC: Z674.75.W67 H36 2010
  RVK: AN 73000 ; AN 73600
  
• 17
  Heinström, J.: From fear to flow : personality and information reactions.
  Oxford : Chandos, 2010. xiii, 225 S.
  ISBN 978-1-84334-514-5
  (Chandos information professional series)
  
  Abstract: This book explores how personality traits may influence attitude, behaviour, and reaction to information. In threatening health situations, for instance, calm people with high self-reliance often react by actively seeking out diagnostic information and treatment alternatives, while more anxious persons may become stagnated and depressed and deliberately avoid information. Persistence and conscientiousness often leads to a problem-solving approach to information seeking: structured and organized with a focus on the outcome. Openness to experience again is often related to enjoyment of information exploration, sometimes to the point of experiencing flow, total immersion in the experience. This book will cover personality related information reactions in contexts such as everyday life, decision-making, work, studies and human-computer interaction.This book introduces a little researched area which is current and needed in our Information Age. It combines knowledge from psychology and information studies.
  
  Anmerkung: Rez. in: JASIST 63(2012) no.2, S.424-425 (Andrea J. Copeland)
  
  Themenfeld: Informationsdienstleistungen
  
  LCSH: Information behavior ; Information literacy / Psychological aspects ; Research / Psychological aspects ; Difference (Psychology)
  RSWK: Informationskompetenz / Informationsverhalten / Persönlichkeitsforschung
  DDC: 153.7
  LCC: ZA3075 .H46 2010
  
• 18
  Uhl, M.: Medien - Gehirn - Evolution : Mensch und Medienkultur verstehen ; eine transdisziplinäre Medienanthropologie.
  Bielefeld : transcript-Verl., 2009. 385 S.
  ISBN 978-3-8376-1255-4
  (Medienumbrüche; 43)
  
  Abstract: Medien sind der Treibstoff der Wissensgesellschaft. Unsere Gehirne sind ihr Motor. Dieses Buch führt Medienwissenschaften, Neurobiologie, Kognitionsforschung und evolutionäre Anthropologie zusammen zu einem disziplinübergreifenden Verständnis der Dynamiken von Mensch und (Medien-)Kultur. Matthias Uhl lässt deutlich werden, dass die Wahrnehmung und Wirkung medialer Kommunikation nur vor dem Hintergrund eines empiriebasierten Menschenbildes umfassend begriffen werden kann. Wer den Zusammenhang von Stimulus, Sinn und Synapse in den Köpfen der Bewohner des dritten Jahrtausends verstehen will, kommt an diesem Buch nicht vorbei.
  
  Anmerkung: Zugl.: Siegen, Univ., Habil.-Schr. u.d.T.: Uhl, Matthias: Evolutionäre Medienanthropologie : eine transdisziplinäre Theorie der Wahrnehmung, Wirkung und Nutzung von Medien
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Kommunikationswissenschaften
  
  LCSH: Mass media / Psychological aspects ; Cognition / Psychological aspects ; Neurobiology ; Symbolic anthropology
  RSWK: Medienkultur / Kognition / Anthropologie ; Anthropologie / Medien ; Anthropologie / Medienkultur
  BK: 05.20 Kommunikation und Gesellschaft ; 77.93 Angewandte Psychologie
  DDC: 302.23 ; 791
  LCC: HM1206
  RVK: AP 13500: Allgemeines / Allgemeines / Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaften, Kommunikationsdesign ; LC 50000: Darstellung ohne geografischen Bezug / Ethnologie / Kunst und Wissen ; AP 13700: Semiotik (Semiologie) / Allgemeines / Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaften, Kommunikationsdesign ; AP 13550: Grundlagen, Methodik, Theorie / Allgemeines / Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaften, Kommunikationsdesign ; LC 13000: Darstellung ohne geografischen Bezug / Ethnologie / Materielle Kultur und Wirtschaftsethnologie
  
• 19
  Palfrey, J. ; Gasser, U.: Generation Internet : die Digital Natives: Wie sie leben - Was sie denken - Wie sie arbeiten.Übersetzung aus dem Amerikanischen.
  München : Hanser, Carl, 2008. VIII, 440 S.
  ISBN 978-3-446-41484-6
  
  Abstract: Der Wandel, den die digitale Revolution ausgelöst hat, besteht nicht nur in ausgefeilten Suchmaschinen und neuen Geschäftsmodellen. Weit folgenreicher ist die wachsende Kluft zwischen denen, die im Sternzeichen Internet geboren sind, und jenen, für die das nicht gilt. Die Kinder einer neuen Generation, die sich ein Leben ohne Google nicht vorstellen kann, sind nun volljährig. Sie sind die ersten Digital Natives, deren Mediengewohnheiten unsere Wirtschaft, unsere Kultur, ja sogar unser Familienleben tiefgreifend verändern. Die bisher sichtbaren Veränderungen stellen dabei nur die Spitze des Eisbergs dar. Wie lebt diese global vernetzte Generation von Digital Natives? Wie unterscheiden sie sich von früheren Generationen? Wie gehen sie mit Informationen um? Wahren sie ihre Privatsphäre? Was bedeutet Identität für junge Menschen, die Online-Profile und Avatare haben? Wie müssen Unternehmen mit ihnen kommunizieren? Welche Chancen und Risiken ergeben sich für die Gesellschaft? Basierend auf aktuellen Forschungsergebnissen zeichnet dieses Buch der Internetexperten John Palfrey und Urs Gasser das Porträt einer digital geborenen Generation und gewährt faszinierende Einblicke für alle, die unsere digitale Gegenwart begreifen wollen, um zu wissen, wie die Zukunft zu gestalten ist.
  
  Inhalt: Original: Born digital : understanding the first generation of digital natives. New York : Basic Books, 2008.
  
  Anmerkung: Vgl. den Rezensionsartikel: Beuth, P.: Sternzeichen Google. In: Frankfurter Rundschau. Nr.236 vom 91.10.2008, S.45. Weitere Rez. in: Mitt VÖB 62(2009) H.1, S.89-90 (M. Buzinkay)
  
  Themenfeld: Internet
  Wissenschaftsfach: Kommunikationswissenschaften
  
  LCSH: Information society / Social aspects ; Information technology / Social aspects ; Technological innovations / Social aspects ; Internet and children ; Internet and teenagers ; Internet / Social aspects ; Technology / Social aspects ; Digital media / Social aspects
  DDC: 302.23/10835 / dc22
  LCC: HM851.P34 2008
  
• 20
  Goldstein, R.: Kurt Gödel : Jahrhundertmathematiker und großer Entdecker.Aus dem Amerikan. von Thorsten Schmidt.
  München : Piper, 2007. 312 S.
  ISBN 3-492-24960-4
  
  Abstract: »Gödel, Escher, Bach« war der Titel eines Kultbuchs der achtziger Jahre. Wer war eigentlich Kurt Gödel, der 1906 in Brünn geboren wurde? Ein Jahrhundertgenie als Mathematiker, der größte Logiker seit Aristoteles, ein enger Freund und wichtiger Gesprächspartner von Albert Einstein in Princeton. Im Jahr 1931 formulierte Gödel den Unvollständigkeitssatz, der die Mathematiker schockierte. Er besagt im Kern, daß es keine vollständigen Theorien geben kann. Gödels Entdeckung steht auf einer Stufe mit Einsteins Relativitätstheorien und Heisenbergs Unbestimmtheitsrelation. Rebecca Goldstein, Philosophin und Autorin mehrerer Romane aus dem Wissenschaftsmilieu, zeigt, warum Kurt Gödel, der 1978 in Princeton starb, zu den größten Genies der Menschheit gerechnet wird. Sie erzählt von einer außergewöhnlichen Persönlichkeit, die skurrile und später auch paranoide Züge trug.
  
  Inhalt: A Platonist among the positivists -- Hilbert and the formalists -- The proof of incompleteness -- Gödel's incompleteness.
  
  Anmerkung: Originaltitel: Incompleteness - the proof and paradox of Kurt Gödel
  
  
  LCSH: Gödel, Kurt ; Logicians / United States / Biography ; Logicians / Austria / Biography ; Proof theory
  RSWK: Gödel, Kurt / Biographie ; Gödelscher Unvollständigkeitssatz ; Widerspruchsfreiheit / Beweistheorie / Mathematik
  BK: 08.25 / Zeitgenössische westliche Philosophie ; 08.33 / Logik ; 31.10 / Mathematische Logik ; 31.01 / Geschichte der Mathematik
  DDC: 510.92 [DDC22ger] ; 510/.92 B / dc22
  LCC: QA29.G58G65 2005
  RVK: SG 174 Mathematik / Biographien, Geschichte und Philosophie der Mathematik / Biographien / Einzelbiographien