Literatur zur Informationserschließung

Diese Datenbank enthält über 40.000 Dokumente zu Themen aus den Bereichen Formalerschließung – Inhaltserschließung – Information Retrieval.

© 2015 W. Gödert, TH Köln, Institut für Informationswissenschaft / Powered by litecat, BIS Oldenburg (Stand: 28. April 2022)

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21

Sünkler, S. ; Kerkmann, F. ; Schultheiß, S.: Ok Google . the end of search as we know it : sprachgesteuerte Websuche im Test.
In: B.I.T.online. 21(2018) H.1, S.25-32.

Abstract: Sprachsteuerungssysteme, die den Nutzer auf Zuruf unterstützen, werden im Zuge der Verbreitung von Smartphones und Lautsprechersystemen wie Amazon Echo oder Google Home zunehmend populär. Eine der zentralen Anwendungen dabei stellt die Suche in Websuchmaschinen dar. Wie aber funktioniert "googlen", wenn der Nutzer seine Suchanfrage nicht schreibt, sondern spricht? Dieser Frage ist ein Projektteam der HAW Hamburg nachgegangen und hat im Auftrag der Deutschen Telekom untersucht, wie effektiv, effizient und zufriedenstellend Google Now, Apple Siri, Microsoft Cortana sowie das Amazon Fire OS arbeiten. Ermittelt wurden Stärken und Schwächen der Systeme sowie Erfolgskriterien für eine hohe Gebrauchstauglichkeit. Diese Erkenntnisse mündeten in dem Prototyp einer optimalen Voice Web Search.

Inhalt: Vgl.: https://www.b-i-t-online.de/heft/2018-01-index.php.

Themenfeld: Suchmaschinen ; Computerlinguistik
Objekt: Google
22

Kousha, K. ; Thelwall, M.: Patent citation analysis with Google.
In: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 68(2017) no.1, S.48-61.

Abstract: Citations from patents to scientific publications provide useful evidence about the commercial impact of academic research, but automatically searchable databases are needed to exploit this connection for large-scale patent citation evaluations. Google covers multiple different international patent office databases but does not index patent citations or allow automatic searches. In response, this article introduces a semiautomatic indirect method via Bing to extract and filter patent citations from Google to academic papers with an overall precision of 98%. The method was evaluated with 322,192 science and engineering Scopus articles from every second year for the period 1996-2012. Although manual Google Patent searches give more results, especially for articles with many patent citations, the difference is not large enough to be a major problem. Within Biomedical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Pharmacology & Pharmaceutics, 7% to 10% of Scopus articles had at least one patent citation but other fields had far fewer, so patent citation analysis is only relevant for a minority of publications. Low but positive correlations between Google Patent citations and Scopus citations across all fields suggest that traditional citation counts cannot substitute for patent citations when evaluating research.

Inhalt: Vgl.: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.23608/full.

Themenfeld: Informetrie
Objekt: Google
23

Lewandowski, D. ; Sünkler, S. ; Kerkmann, F.: Are ads on Google search engine results pages labeled clearly enough? : the influence of knowledge on search ads on users' selection behaviour.
In: Everything changes, everything stays the same? - Understanding information spaces : Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium of Information Science (ISI 2017), Berlin/Germany, 13th - 15th March 2017. Eds.: M. Gäde, V. Trkulja u. V. Petras. vwh-Verlag : Glückstadt, 2017. S.62-75.
(Schriften zur Informationswissenschaft; Bd. 70)

Abstract: In an online experiment using a representative sample of the German online population (n = 1.000), we compare users' selection behaviour on two versions of the same Google search engine results page (SERP), one showing advertisements and organic results, the other showing organic results only. Selection behaviour is analyzed in relation to users' knowledge on Google's business model, on SERP design, and on these users' actual performance in marking advertisements on SERPs correctly. We find that users who were not able to mark ads correctly selected ads significantly more often. This leads to the conclusion that ads need to be labeled more clearly, and that there is a need for more information literacy in search engine users.

Inhalt: Vgl.: http://www.vwh-verlag.de/vwh/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/titelei_isi17.pdf.

Anmerkung: Vgl.: http://searchstudies.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Ads_Labeling_ISI2017_Lewandowski_Suenkler_Kerkmann-93478.pdf.

Themenfeld: Suchmaschinen
Objekt: Google
24

Somers, J.: Torching the modern-day library of Alexandria : somewhere at Google there is a database containing 25 million books and nobody is allowed to read them..[20.04.2017].
In: https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/04/the-tragedy-of-google-books/523320/.

Abstract: You were going to get one-click access to the full text of nearly every book that's ever been published. Books still in print you'd have to pay for, but everything else-a collection slated to grow larger than the holdings at the Library of Congress, Harvard, the University of Michigan, at any of the great national libraries of Europe-would have been available for free at terminals that were going to be placed in every local library that wanted one. At the terminal you were going to be able to search tens of millions of books and read every page of any book you found. You'd be able to highlight passages and make annotations and share them; for the first time, you'd be able to pinpoint an idea somewhere inside the vastness of the printed record, and send somebody straight to it with a link. Books would become as instantly available, searchable, copy-pasteable-as alive in the digital world-as web pages. It was to be the realization of a long-held dream. "The universal library has been talked about for millennia," Richard Ovenden, the head of Oxford's Bodleian Libraries, has said. "It was possible to think in the Renaissance that you might be able to amass the whole of published knowledge in a single room or a single institution." In the spring of 2011, it seemed we'd amassed it in a terminal small enough to fit on a desk. "This is a watershed event and can serve as a catalyst for the reinvention of education, research, and intellectual life," one eager observer wrote at the time. On March 22 of that year, however, the legal agreement that would have unlocked a century's worth of books and peppered the country with access terminals to a universal library was rejected under Rule 23(e)(2) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure by the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. When the library at Alexandria burned it was said to be an "international catastrophe." When the most significant humanities project of our time was dismantled in court, the scholars, archivists, and librarians who'd had a hand in its undoing breathed a sigh of relief, for they believed, at the time, that they had narrowly averted disaster.

Themenfeld: Elektronisches Publizieren
Objekt: Google books
25

epd: Kaiserslauterer Forscher untersuchen Google-Suche.
In: ¬Die Rheinpfalz. Nr. 210 vom 09.09.2017.
(Ihr Wochenende / Mediathek / Medienwelten)

Inhalt: "Bei der Suche nach Politikern und Parteien über Suchmaschinen wie Google spielt Personalisierung einem Forschungsprojekt zufolge eine geringere Rolle als bisher angenommen. Bei der Eingabe von Politikernamen erhalten verschiedene Nutzer größtenteils die gleichen Ergebnisse angezeigt, lautet ein gestern veröffentlichtes Zwischenergebnis einer Analyse im Auftrag der Landesmedienanstalten. Die Ergebnisse stammen aus dem Forschungsprojekt "#Datenspende: Google und die Bundestagswahl2017" der Initiative AIgorithmWatch und der Technischen Universität Kaiserslautern. Im Durchschnitt erhalten zwei unterschiedliche Nutzer demnach bei insgesamt neun Suchergebnissen sieben bis acht identische Treffer, wenn sie mit Google nach Spitzenkandidaten der Parteien im Bundestagswahlkampf suchen. Die Suchergebnisse zu Parteien unterscheiden sich allerdings stärker. Bei neun Suchanfragen gebe es hier nur fünf bis sechs gemeinsame Suchergebnisse, fanden die Wissenschaftler heraus. Die Informatikprofessorin Katharina Zweig von der TU Kaiserslautern zeigte sich überrascht, dass die Suchergebisse verschiedener Nutzer sich so wenig unterscheiden. "Das könnte allerdings morgen schon wieder anders aussehen", warnte sie, Die Studie beweise erstmals, dass es grundsätzlich möglich sei, Algorithmen von Intermediären wie Suchmaschinen im Verdachtsfall nachvollziehbar zu machen. Den Ergebnissen zufolge gibt es immer wieder kleine Nutzergruppen mit stark abweichenden Ergebnislisten. Eine abschließende, inhaltliche Bewertung stehe noch aus. Für das Projekt haben nach Angaben der Medienanstalt bisher fast 4000 freiwillige Nutzer ein von den Forschern programmiertes Plug-ln auf ihrem Computer- installiert. Bisher seien damitdrei Millionen gespendete Datensätze gespeichert worden. Das Projekt wird finanziert von den Landesmedienanstalten Bayern, Berlin-Brandenburg, Hessen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland und Sachsen." Vgl. auch: https://www.swr.de/swraktuell/rp/kaiserslautern/forschung-in-kaiserslautern-beeinflusst-google-die-bundestagswahl/-/id=1632/did=20110680/nid=1632/1mohmie/index.html. https://www.uni-kl.de/aktuelles/news/news/detail/News/aufruf-zur-datenspende-welche-nachrichten-zeigt-die-suchmaschine-google-zur-bundestagswahl-an/.

Themenfeld: Suchmaschinen
Objekt: Google
26

Zhao, Y. ; Ma, F. ; Xia, X.: Evaluating the coverage of entities in knowledge graphs behind general web search engines : Poster.
In: http://www.iskocus.org/NASKO2017papers/NASKO2017_paper_10.pdf [NASKO 2017, June 15-16, 2017, Champaign, IL, USA].

Abstract: Web search engines, such as Google and Bing, are constantly employing results from knowledge organization and various visualization features to improve their search services. Knowledge graph, a large repository of structured knowledge represented by formal languages such as RDF (Resource Description Framework), is used to support entity search feature of Google and Bing (Demartini, 2016). When a user searchs for an entity, such as a person, an organization, or a place in Google or Bing, it is likely that a knowledge cardwill be presented on the right side bar of the search engine result pages (SERPs). For example, when a user searches the entity Benedict Cumberbatch on Google, the knowledge card will show the basic structured information about this person, including his date of birth, height, spouse, parents, and his movies, etc. The knowledge card, which is used to present the result of entity search, is generated from knowledge graphs. Therefore, the quality of knowledge graphs is essential to the performance of entity search. However, studies on the quality of knowledge graphs from the angle of entity coverage are scant in the literature. This study aims to investigate the coverage of entities of knowledge graphs behind Google and Bing.

Inhalt: Beitrag bei: NASKO 2017: Visualizing Knowledge Organization: Bringing Focus to Abstract Realities. The sixth North American Symposium on Knowledge Organization (NASKO 2017), June 15-16, 2017, in Champaign, IL, USA.

Themenfeld: Suchmaschinen
Objekt: Google ; Bing
27

Tetzchner, J. von: As a monopoly in search and advertising Google is not able to resist the misuse of power : is the Internet turning into a battlefield of propaganda? How Google should be regulated.
In: Open Password. 2017, Nr.266 vom 13.10.2017 [http://www.password-online.de/?wysija-page=1&controller=email&action=view&email_id=339&wysijap=subscriptions&user_id=1045].

Abstract: Jon von Tetzchner entwickelte die Browser Opera und Vivaldi. Er ist Mitgründer und CEO von Vivaldi Technologies. Zuletzt wandelte er sich vom Google-Enthusiasten zum Google-Kritiker. Im Interview mit Open Password stellt er seine Positionen dar. Der gebürtige Isländer arbeitete lange in Norwegen und residiert neuerdings in der Nähe von Boston.

Inhalt: "Let us start with your positive experiences with Google. I have known Google longer than most. At Opera, we were the first to add their search into the browser interface, enabling it directly from the search box and the address field. At that time, Google was an up-and-coming geeky company. I remember vividly meeting with Google's co-founder Larry Page, his relaxed dress code and his love for the Danger device, which he played with throughout our meeting. Later, I met with the other co-founder of Google, Sergey Brin, and got positive vibes. My first impression of Google was that it was a likeable company. Our cooperation with Google was a good one. Integrating their search into Opera helped us deliver a better service to our users and generated revenue that paid the bills. We helped Google grow, along with others that followed in our footsteps and integrated Google search into their browsers. Then the picture for you and for opera darkened. Yes, then things changed. Google increased their proximity with the Mozilla foundation. They also introduced new services such as Google Docs. These services were great, gained quick popularity, but also exposed the darker side of Google. Not only were these services made to be incompatible with Opera, but also encouraged users to switch their browsers. I brought this up with Sergey Brin, in vain. For millions of Opera users to be able to access these services, we had to hide our browser's identity. The browser sniffing situation only worsened after Google started building their own browser, Chrome. ... ; How should Google be regulated? We should limit the amount of information that is being collected. In particular we should look at information that is being collected across sites. It should not be legal to combine data from multiple sites and services. The fact that these sites and services are using the same underlying technology does not change the fact that the user's dealings is with a site at a time and each site should not have the right to share the data with others. I believe this the cornerstone of laws in many countries today, but these laws need to be enforced. Data about us is ours alone and it should not be possible to sell it. We should also limit the ability to target users individually. In the past, ads on sites were ads on sites. You might know what kind of users visited a site and you would place tech ads on tech sites and fashion ads on fashion sites. Now the ads follow you individually. That should be made illegal as it uses data collected from multiple sources and invades our privacy. I also believe there should be regulation as to how location data is used and any information related to our mobile devices. In addition, regulators need to be vigilant as to how companies that have monopoly power use their power. That kind of goes without saying. Companies with monopoly powers should not be able to use those powers when competing in an open market or using their monopoly services to limit competition."

Themenfeld: Suchmaschinen
Objekt: Google ; Chrome ; Vivaldi
28

Mattke, S.: Neuronales Netz von Google übertrifft Menschen bei der Ortsbestimmung von Fotos.26.02.2016.
In: http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Neuronales-Netz-von-Google-uebertrifft-Menschen-bei-der-Ortsbestimmung-von-Fotos-3117960.html?view=print.

Abstract: Um herauszufinden, wo ein Foto aufgenommen wurde, hilft normalerweise breites Wissen über die Welt. Noch besser allerdings lässt sich diese Aufgabe mit großen Datenmengen zum Üben meistern, wie Google-Forscher jetzt gezeigt haben.

Inhalt: Bezugnahme auf: http://www.heise.de/tr/artikel/Neuronales-Netz-mit-uebermenschlichen-Faehigkeiten-3117954.html.

Wissenschaftsfach: Geowissenschaften
Objekt: Google
29

Neuronales Netz mit "übermenschlichen" Fähigkeiten.
In: http://www.heise.de/tr/artikel/Neuronales-Netz-mit-uebermenschlichen-Faehigkeiten-3117954.html?view=print [Technology review].

Abstract: Lernende Computersysteme überraschten zuletzt immer wieder mit bemerkenswerten Leistungen. Google-Forscher haben jetzt gezeigt, wie Maschinen Menschen selbst bei der Ortsbestimmung von Bildern übertreffen können. Suchen Sie sich im Web ein zufälliges Bild aus und versuchen Sie dann, ohne weitere Hilfsmittel herauszufinden, wo es aufgenommen wurde. Wenn das Bild ein berühmtes Gebäude oder eine andere Sehenswürdigkeit wie den Eiffelturm oder die Niagarafälle zeigt, mag das noch leicht sein. Kompliziert aber wird es, wenn es in dem Foto an konkreten Hinweisen über den Standort fehlt, wenn es nicht im Freien aufgenommen wurde oder wenn darauf nur ein Haustier, Essen oder ein anderes Objekt zu sehen ist. Trotzdem sind Menschen überraschend gut bei dieser Aufgabe. Um sie zu meistern, nutzen sie alle möglichen Arten von Weltwissen, etwa über Schrifttype oder Sprache auf Schildern, Vegetation, Architekturstile, Richtung des Verkehrs und so weiter. Menschen verbringen sozusagen ihr ganzes Leben damit, Hinweise zur Ortung aufzusammeln. Also könnte man meinen, dass sich Maschinen mit dieser Aufgabe weitaus schwerer tun. Bislang war das tatsächlich der Fall.

Inhalt: Vgl. auch: Mattke, S.: Neuronales Netz von Google übertrifft Menschen bei der Ortsbestimmung von Fotos.

Wissenschaftsfach: Geowissenschaften
Objekt: Google
30

Johnson, F. ; Rowley, J. ; Sbaffi, L.: Exploring information interactions in the context of Google.
In: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 67(2016) no.4, S.824-840.

Abstract: The study sets out to explore the factors that influence the evaluation of information and the judgments made in the process of finding useful information in web search contexts. Based on a diary study of 2 assigned tasks to search on Google and Google Scholar, factor analysis identified the core constructs of content, relevance, scope, and style, as well as informational and system "ease of use" as influencing the judgment that useful information had been found. Differences were found in the participants' evaluation of information across the search tasks on Google and on Google Scholar when identified by the factors related to both content and ease of use. The findings from this study suggest how searchers might critically evaluate information, and the study identifies a relation between the user's involvement in the information interaction and the influences of the perceived system ease of use and information design.

Inhalt: Vgl.: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.23443/abstract.

Themenfeld: Suchmaschinen
Objekt: Google ; Google Scholar
31

Wichor, M.B.: Variation in number of hits for complex searches in Google Scholar.
In: Journal of the Medical Library Association. 104(2016), no.2, S.143-145.

Abstract: Google Scholar is often used to search for medical literature. Numbers of results reported by Google Scholar outperform the numbers reported by traditional databases. How reliable are these numbers? Why are often not all available 1,000 references shown? Methods: For several complex search strategies used in systematic review projects, the number of citations and the total number of versions were calculated. Several search strategies were followed over a two-year period, registering fluctuations in reported search results. Results: Changes in numbers of reported search results varied enormously between search strategies and dates. Theories for calculations of the reported and shown number of hits were not proved. Conclusions: The number of hits reported in Google Scholar is an unreliable measure. Therefore, its repeatability is problematic, at least when equal results are needed.

Themenfeld: Suchmaschinen
Wissenschaftsfach: Medizin
Objekt: Google Scholar
32

"Google Books" darf weitermachen wie bisher : Entscheidung des Supreme Court in den USA.Stand: 18.04.2016 19:13 Uhr.
In: https://www.tagesschau.de/wirtschaft/google-books-entscheidung-101.html.

Abstract: Der Internet-Riese darf sein Projekt "Google Books" wie gehabt fortsetzen. Der Oberste US-Gerichtshof lehnte die von einer Autorenvereingung geforderte Revision ab. Google teste mit seinem Projekt zwar die Grenzen der Fairness aus, handele aber rechtens, sagten die Richter.

Inhalt: " Im Streit mit Google um Urheberrechte ist eine Gruppe von Buchautoren am Obersten US-Gericht gescheitert. Der Supreme Court lehnte es ab, die google-freundliche Entscheidung eines niederen Gerichtes zur Revision zuzulassen. In dem Fall geht es um die Online-Bibliothek "Google Books", für die der kalifornische Konzern Gerichtsunterlagen zufolge mehr als 20 Millionen Bücher digitalisiert hat. Durch das Projekt können Internet-Nutzer innerhalb der Bücher nach Stichworten suchen und die entsprechenden Textstellen lesen. Die drei zuständigen Richter entschieden einstimmig, dass in dem Fall zwar die Grenzen der Fairness ausgetestet würden, aber das Vorgehen von Google letztlich rechtens sei. Entschädigungen in Milliardenhöhe gefürchtet Die von dem Interessensverband Authors Guild angeführten Kläger sahen ihre Urheberrechte durch "Google Books" verletzt. Dazu gehörten auch prominente Künstler wie die Schriftstellerin und Dichterin Margaret Atwood. Google führte dagegen an, die Internet-Bibliothek kurbele den Bücherverkauf an, weil Leser dadurch zusätzlich auf interessante Werke aufmerksam gemacht würden. Google reagierte "dankbar" auf die Entscheidung des Supreme Court. Der Konzern hatte befürchtet, bei einer juristischen Niederlage Entschädigungen in Milliardenhöhe zahlen zu müssen."

Themenfeld: Elektronisches Publizieren ; Rechtsfragen
Objekt: Google books
33

Günther, M.: Vermitteln Suchmaschinen vollständige Bilder aktueller Themen? : Untersuchung der Gewichtung inhaltlicher Aspekte von Suchmaschinenergebnissen in Deutschland und den USA.
In: Young information scientists. 1(2016), S.13-29.

Abstract: Zielsetzung - Vor dem Hintergrund von Suchmaschinenverzerrungen sollte herausgefunden werden, ob sich die von Google und Bing vermittelten Bilder aktueller internationaler Themen in Deutschland und den USA hinsichtlich (1) Vollständigkeit, (2) Abdeckung und (3) Gewichtung der jeweiligen inhaltlichen Aspekte unterscheiden. Forschungsmethoden - Für die empirische Untersuchung wurde eine Methode aus Ansätzen der empirischen Sozialwissenschaften (Inhaltsanalyse) und der Informationswissenschaft (Retrievaltests) entwickelt und angewandt. Ergebnisse - Es zeigte sich, dass Google und Bing in Deutschland und den USA (1) keine vollständigen Bilder aktueller internationaler Themen vermitteln, dass sie (2) auf den ersten Trefferpositionen nicht die drei wichtigsten inhaltlichen Aspekte abdecken, und dass es (3) bei der Gewichtung der inhaltlichen Aspekte keine signifikanten Unterschiede gibt. Allerdings erfahren diese Ergebnisse Einschränkungen durch die Methodik und die Auswertung der empirischen Untersuchung. Schlussfolgerungen - Es scheinen tatsächlich inhaltliche Suchmaschinenverzerrungen vorzuliegen - diese könnten Auswirkungen auf die Meinungsbildung der Suchmaschinennutzer haben. Trotz großem Aufwand bei manueller, und qualitativ schlechteren Ergebnissen bei automatischer Untersuchung sollte dieses Thema weiter erforscht werden.

Inhalt: Vgl.: https://yis.univie.ac.at/index.php/yis/article/view/1355. Diesem Beitrag liegt folgende Abschlussarbeit zugrunde: Günther, Markus: Welches Weltbild vermitteln Suchmaschinen? Untersuchung der Gewichtung inhaltlicher Aspekte von Google- und Bing-Ergebnissen in Deutschland und den USA zu aktuellen internationalen Themen . Masterarbeit (M.A.), Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg, 2015. Volltext: http://edoc.sub.uni-hamburg.de/haw/volltexte/2016/332.

Themenfeld: Suchmaschinen ; Retrievalstudien
Objekt: Google ; Bing
Land/Ort: D ; USA
34

Haider, J.: ¬The structuring of information through search : sorting waste with Google.
In: Aslib journal of information management. 68(2016) no.4, S.390-406.

Abstract: Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore informational structures producing and organising the construction of waste sorting in Sweden. It shows how the issue is constructed by it being searched for in Google and how this contributes to the specific informational texture of waste sorting in Sweden. It is guided by the following questions: who are the main actors and which are the central topics featuring in Google results on popular, suggested searches for waste sorting in Sweden? What do the link relations between these tell the author about the issue space that is formed around waste sorting in Sweden? How is the construction of the notions of waste sorting and waste shaped in the information available through Google's features for related and other relevant searches? Design/methodology/approach - Waste sorting is discussed as a practice structured along moral rules and as a classification exercise. The study brings together two types of material, results from searches carried out in Google and lists of Google query suggestions for relevant search terms. These are analysed with a mixed method approach, uniting quantitative network analysis and qualitative content analysis of query suggestions. A sociomaterial approach theoretically grounds the analysis. Findings - Waste sorting in Sweden emerges as an issue that is characterised by dense networks of rules and regulation, focused in public authorities and government agencies, which in turn address consumers, waste management businesses and other authorities. Search engine use and waste sorting in Sweden are shown to be joined together in various mundane everyday life practices and practices of governance that become visible through the search engine in form of search results and suggested searches. The search engine is shown to work as a fluid classification system, which is also created and shaped by its use. Originality/value - The study offers a novel methodological approach to studying the informational structures of an issue and of its shaping through it being searched for. The sociomaterially grounded analysis of Google as a fluid classification system is original.

Inhalt: Vgl.: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/AJIM-12-2015-0189.

Objekt: Google
Land/Ort: S
35

Berget, G. ; Sandnes, F.E.: Do autocomplete functions reduce the impact of dyslexia on information-searching behavior? : the case of Google.
In: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 67(2016) no.10, S.2320-2328.

Abstract: Dyslexic users often do not exhibit spelling and reading skills at a level required to perform effective search. To explore whether autocomplete functions reduce the impact of dyslexia on information searching, 20 participants with dyslexia and 20 controls solved 10 predefined tasks in the search engine Google. Eye-tracking and screen-capture documented the searches. There were no significant differences between the dyslexic students and the controls in time usage, number of queries, query lengths, or the use of the autocomplete function. However, participants with dyslexia made more misspellings and looked less at the screen and the autocomplete suggestions lists while entering the queries. The results indicate that although the autocomplete function supported the participants in the search process, a more extensive use of the autocomplete function would have reduced misspellings. Further, the high tolerance for spelling errors considerably reduced the effect of dyslexia, and may be as important as the autocomplete function.

Inhalt: Vgl.: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.23572/full.

Themenfeld: Suchmaschinen ; Benutzerstudien
Objekt: Google
36

Vaughan, L. ; Chen, Y.: Data mining from web search queries : a comparison of Google trends and Baidu index.
In: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 66(2015) no.1, S.13-22.

Abstract: Numerous studies have explored the possibility of uncovering information from web search queries but few have examined the factors that affect web query data sources. We conducted a study that investigated this issue by comparing Google Trends and Baidu Index. Data from these two services are based on queries entered by users into Google and Baidu, two of the largest search engines in the world. We first compared the features and functions of the two services based on documents and extensive testing. We then carried out an empirical study that collected query volume data from the two sources. We found that data from both sources could be used to predict the quality of Chinese universities and companies. Despite the differences between the two services in terms of technology, such as differing methods of language processing, the search volume data from the two were highly correlated and combining the two data sources did not improve the predictive power of the data. However, there was a major difference between the two in terms of data availability. Baidu Index was able to provide more search volume data than Google Trends did. Our analysis showed that the disadvantage of Google Trends in this regard was due to Google's smaller user base in China. The implication of this finding goes beyond China. Google's user bases in many countries are smaller than that in China, so the search volume data related to those countries could result in the same issue as that related to China.

Inhalt: Vgl.: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.23201/abstract.

Themenfeld: Data Mining ; Suchmaschinen
Objekt: Google ; Baidu
37

Kousha, K. ; Thelwall, M.: ¬An automatic method for extracting citations from Google Books.
In: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 66(2015) no.2, S.309-320.

Abstract: Recent studies have shown that counting citations from books can help scholarly impact assessment and that Google Books (GB) is a useful source of such citation counts, despite its lack of a public citation index. Searching GB for citations produces approximate matches, however, and so its raw results need time-consuming human filtering. In response, this article introduces a method to automatically remove false and irrelevant matches from GB citation searches in addition to introducing refinements to a previous GB manual citation extraction method. The method was evaluated by manual checking of sampled GB results and comparing citations to about 14,500 monographs in the Thomson Reuters Book Citation Index (BKCI) against automatically extracted citations from GB across 24 subject areas. GB citations were 103% to 137% as numerous as BKCI citations in the humanities, except for tourism (72%) and linguistics (91%), 46% to 85% in social sciences, but only 8% to 53% in the sciences. In all cases, however, GB had substantially more citing books than did BKCI, with BKCI's results coming predominantly from journal articles. Moderate correlations between the GB and BKCI citation counts in social sciences and humanities, with most BKCI results coming from journal articles rather than books, suggests that they could measure the different aspects of impact, however.

Inhalt: Vgl.: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.23170/abstract.

Themenfeld: Informetrie
Objekt: Google Books
38

Schmidt, E. ; Rosenberg, J.: Wie Google tickt.Aus dem Engl. von Meike Grow u.a.
Frankfurt, M. : Campus-Verl., 2015. 294 S.
ISBN 978-3-593-50216-8

Abstract: Wie wird aus einem Garagen-Start-up ein weltbekanntes Imperium? Das Geheimnis um Google, eine der wertvollsten Marken der Welt,ist gelüftet. Von niemand Geringerem als Google-CEO Eric Schmidt, Gründer Larry Page und Senior Vice President Jonathan Rosenberg. Und so wie Google längst mehr als eine Suchmaschine ist, ist »Wie Google tickt« weit mehr als eine Unternehmensgeschichte. Es ist spannende Inspirationsquelle und kluger Wegweiser. Wie baut man eine fruchtbare Unternehmenskultur auf? Wie entwickelt man wegweisende Strategien? Wie entsteht Innovation? Die drei Google-Insider sind angetreten, ihr Wissen in die Welt zu bringen. Eric Schmidt ist Informatiker und war langjähriger CEO von Google. Seit April ist er Executive Chairman von Google. Schmidt lehrt an der Stanford University und gehört seit 2009 zum Beraterteam von Barack Obama. Jonathan Rosenberg, Senior Vice President von Google, war vor allem für die innovative Produktentwicklung verantwortlich. Zusammen sind sie echte Google-Insider.

Anmerkung: Originaltitel: How Google works

Themenfeld: Suchmaschinen
Objekt: Google

LCSH: Google (Firm) / Management ; Internet industry / Management / United States
RSWK: Google Inc. / Management ; Google Inc. / Strategisches Management
BK: 05.38 Neue elektronische Medien Kommunikationswissenschaft ; 85.06 Unternehmensführung
DDC: 338.76102504 / DDC22ger ; 658 / DDC22ger
GHBS: QGTU (SI) ; QBK (SI)
LCC: HD9696.8.U64
RVK: MS 7965 ; QP 380 ; QP 650 ; QR 523 ; QR 760 ; SR 760 ; SR 860
39

Bauckhage, C.: Marginalizing over the PageRank damping factor.
In: http://arxiv.org/pdf/1409.0104.pdf.

Abstract: In this note, we show how to marginalize over the damping parameter of the PageRank equation so as to obtain a parameter-free version known as TotalRank. Our discussion is meant as a reference and intended to provide a guided tour towards an interesting result that has applications in information retrieval and classification.

Themenfeld: Suchmaschinen ; Retrievalalgorithmen
Objekt: PageRank ; Google
40

López-Cózar, E.D. ; Robinson-García, N.R. ; Torres-Salinas, D.: ¬The Google scholar experiment : how to index false papers and manipulate bibliometric indicators.
In: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 65(2014) no.3, S.446-454.

Abstract: Google Scholar has been well received by the research community. Its promises of free, universal, and easy access to scientific literature coupled with the perception that it covers the social sciences and the humanities better than other traditional multidisciplinary databases have contributed to the quick expansion of Google Scholar Citations and Google Scholar Metrics: 2 new bibliometric products that offer citation data at the individual level and at journal level. In this article, we show the results of an experiment undertaken to analyze Google Scholar's capacity to detect citation-counting manipulation. For this, we uploaded 6 documents to an institutional web domain that were authored by a fictitious researcher and referenced all the publications of the members of the EC3 research group at the University of Granada. The detection by Google Scholar of these papers caused an outburst in the number of citations included in the Google Scholar Citations profiles of the authors. We discuss the effects of such an outburst and how it could affect the future development of such products, at both the individual level and the journal level, especially if Google Scholar persists with its lack of transparency.

Themenfeld: Informetrie
Objekt: Google scholar