Literatur zur Informationserschließung

Diese Datenbank enthält über 40.000 Dokumente zu Themen aus den Bereichen Formalerschließung – Inhaltserschließung – Information Retrieval.

© 2015 W. Gödert, TH Köln, Institut für Informationswissenschaft / Powered by litecat, BIS Oldenburg (Stand: 28. April 2022)

Suchergebnisse

• 1
  Kay, L. ; Newman, N. ; Youtie, J. ; Porter, A.L. ; Rafols, I.: Patent overlay mapping : visualizing technological distance.
  In: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 65(2014) no.12, S.2432-2443.
  
  Abstract: This paper presents a new global patent map that represents all technological categories and a method to locate patent data of individual organizations and technological fields on the global map. This overlay map technique may support competitive intelligence and policy decision making. The global patent map is based on similarities in citing-to-cited relationships between categories of the International Patent Classification (IPC) of European Patent Office (EPO) patents from 2000 to 2006. This patent data set, extracted from the PATSTAT database, includes 760,000 patent records in 466 IPC-based categories. We compare the global patent maps derived from this categorization to related efforts of other global patent maps. The paper overlays the nanotechnology-related patenting activities of two companies and two different nanotechnology subfields on the global patent map. The exercise shows the potential of patent overlay maps to visualize technological areas and potentially support decision making. Furthermore, this study shows that IPC categories that are similar to one another based on citing-to-cited patterns (and thus close in the global patent map) are not necessarily in the same hierarchical IPC branch, thereby revealing new relationships between technologies that are classified as pertaining to different (and sometimes distant) subject areas in the IPC scheme.
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Patentinformation
  Objekt: IPC
  
  
• 2
  Leydesdorff, L.: Patent classifications as indicators of intellectual organization.
  In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 59(2008) no.10, S.1582-1597.
  
  Abstract: Using the 138,751 patents filed in 2006 under the Patent Cooperation Treaty, co-classification analysis is pursued on the basis of three- and four-digit codes in the International Patent Classification (IPC, 8th ed.). The co-classifications among the patents enable us to analyze and visualize the relations among technologies at different levels of aggregation. The hypothesis that classifications might be considered as the organizers of patents into classes, and therefore that co-classification patterns - more than co-citation patterns - might be useful for mapping, is not corroborated. The classifications hang weakly together, even at the four-digit level; at the country level, more specificity can be made visible. However, countries are not the appropriate units of analysis because patent portfolios are largely similar in many advanced countries in terms of the classes attributed. Instead of classes, one may wish to explore the mapping of title words as a better approach to visualize the intellectual organization of patents.
  
  Themenfeld: Informetrie
  Objekt: IPC
  
  
• 3
  Adams, S.: Comparing the IPC and the US classification systems for the patent searcher.
  In: World patent information. 23(2001) no.1, S.15-23.
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Patentinformation
  Objekt: IPC
  
  
• 4
  Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt München (Hrsg.): Internationale Patentklassifikation : Gesamtwerk.7. Ausgabe in Deutsch.
  Köln : Heymanns, 2001. 10 Bde. Stich- und Schlagwortverzeichnis.
  
  Inhalt: Seit 1.1.2006 abgelöst durch die 8. Ausg.
  
  Anmerkung: Gesamtwerk der 7. Ausgabe auf CD-ROM in Deutsch, Englisch, Französisch, Spanisch, Ungarisch und Russisch. Cumulative and Linguistic Advanced Search System. Mit Stich- und Sschlagwortverzeichnis sowie der Revision Concordance List zur 7. Ausgabe der IPC (ISBN 3-452-24449-0) ; Vgl. auch die Webseite der WIPO: www.wipo.int/classifications
  
  Themenfeld: Klassifikationssysteme
  Wissenschaftsfach: Patentinformation
  Objekt: IPC-7
  
  
• 5
  Adams, A.: Using the International Patent Classification in an online environment.
  In: World patent information. 22(2000), S.291-300.
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Patentinformation
  Objekt: IPC
  
  
• 6
  Makarov, M.: ¬The seventh edition of the IPC.
  In: World patent information. 22(2000) no.1, S.53-58.
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Patentinformation
  Objekt: IPC-7
  
  
• 7
  Kunin, S.: IPC and the new millennium : challenge and opportunity.
  In: World patent information. 21(1999) no.2, S.101-108.
  
  Objekt: IPC
  
  
• 8
  Schramm, R.: Patentinformation.
  In: Grundlagen der praktischen Information und Dokumentation: ein Handbuch zur Einführung in die fachliche Informationsarbeit. 4. Aufl. Hrsg.: M. Buder u.a. München : Saur, 1997. S.518-534.
  (DGD-Schriftenreihe; Bd.9)
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Patentinformation
  Objekt: IPC
  
  
• 9
  Faucompre, P. ; Quoniam, L. ; Dou, H.: ¬The function-application relation through a link between classification and indexing.
  In: World patent information. 19(1997) no.3, S.167-174.
  
  Abstract: The International Patent Classification (IPC) gives a fundamental importance to the distinction between function and application: a distinction which constitutes one of the most important classifying rules for patent documents. Demonstrates, using selected examples, that the distinction between function and application can be advantageously exploited by using both this technical classification and the indexing of scientific databases. In addition, this distinction provides an opportunity to explore one of the multiple paths between the documentary representation of the scientific literature and the documentary representation of the technical literature
  
  Objekt: IPC
  
  
• 10
  Faucompre, P. ; Quoniam, L. ; Dou, H.: ¬An effective link between science and technology.
  In: Scientometrics. 40(1997) no.3, S.465-480.
  
  Abstract: The link between science and technology represents a major strategic stake, so the relation between scientific bibliographic references and technical bibliographic references can be of very important documentary interest. To set up this link, IPC catchwords have been used as a switching language. A previous feasibility study had shown the possibilities of such a full automatic correspondence and its obvious inadequacies. Presents the most important modifications brought to this correspondece, in particular the consideration of multilingual indexes which allow to link several indexation fields with one of the most complete representations of patent classification
  
  Anmerkung: Paper presented at the 6th conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics, Jerusalem, 16-19 June 1997
  
  Objekt: IPC
  
  
• 11
  Rampelmann, J.: Classification tools at the EPO.
  In: World patent information. 18(1996) no.3, S.149-153.
  
  Abstract: Describes the European Classification System (ECLA) used by search examiners at the General Directorate 1 (DG 1) of the European Patent Office in The Hague, Netherlands, for classifying patent applications for publication, new patent documents and non-patent literature for addition to the systematic search documentation. ECLA is an internal classification tool developed on the basis of the International Patent Classification (IPC) but with further subdivisions and better adaptation to the different technical fields. In order to overcome the limitations of a classification system, secondary systems are also in use or under development. One such system is the ICO (In Computer Only) system which offers online only light indexing schenmes for the identification of additional information contained in patent documents
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Patentinformation
  Objekt: IPC ; ECLA
  
  
• 12
  Hansson, B. ; Makarov, M.: ¬The sixth edition of the IPC.
  In: World patent information. 17(1995) no.1, S.5-8.
  
  Abstract: Describes the main features of the 6th ed. of the International Patent Classification (IPC) and its differences from the 5th ed. A substantial difference is the increased number of hybrid systems whose introduction into the Classification is becoming one of the leading trends in the revision of the IPC. Outlines the decisions of the Committee of Experts of the IPC union concerning the terminology used in the IPC, the presentation of notes and the application of indexing schemes. Considers the future developments of the IPC
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Patentinformation
  Objekt: IPC-6
  
  
• 13
  Wittmann, A.: Classifying and indexing of patent documents : a retired patent documentalist looks back.
  In: World patent information. 16(1994) no.4, S.233-235.
  
  Abstract: The author, former head of information and documentation at the German patent office, recalls more than 30 years of international cooperation in the classifying and indexing of patent documents. Reviews the work of the former ICEREPAT (International Cooperation in Information Retrieval among Examining Patent Offices) which produced coordinate indexing term lists. Describes the development of the IPC which produced a purely hierarchical classification with function oriented and application oriented entries. Completion of the IPC as a basic search tool was greeted with satisfaction by the patent world. Revised versions of IPC are issued every 5 years in English and in French. Outlines the problems still associated with the searching of patent documents
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Patentinformation
  Objekt: IPC
  
  
• 14
  Rozov, B.: About patent classification.
  In: World patent information. 15(1993) no.4, S.217-219.
  
  Abstract: Discusses problems of the basic structure of the International Patent Classification. Recommends a radical reorganisation to obtain greater effectiveness or retrieval particularly by automated systems
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Patentinformation
  Objekt: IPC
  
  
• 15
  Vijvers, W.G.: ¬The International Patent Classification as a search tool.
  In: World patent information. 12(1990) no.1, S.26-30.
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Patentinformation
  Objekt: IPC
  
  
• 16
  Nishikawa, M.: Usefulness of hybrid systems in computerised searches.
  In: World patent information. 12(1990), no.4, S.212-215.
  
  Abstract: Describes the development of hybrid classification systems associated with the International Patent Classification (IPC) in the Japanese Patent Office and examines the effectiveness of search in a computerised system based on the IPC hybrid system in the lubrication field (subclasses C10M, C10N)
  
  Objekt: IPC
  
  
• 17
  Vries, S. de: Points of interest concerning the new IPC.
  In: World patent information. 11(1989) no.3, S.115-120.
  
  Abstract: The International Patent Classification (IPC) is widely regarded as an important search tool, both by patent offices and by outside users. To maintain its usefulness, the classification schemes of the IPC have to be adapted in order to provide for new techniques and to keep the size of the search files managerable. Such adaptation is done by amending the classification schemes, or by introducing hybrid systems. In the 5th edition of the IPC, both approaches have been followed: in comparison with the 4th edition, the number of hybrid systems introduced has sharply increased. The use of hybrid systems is strongly recommended: it is, however, non-obligatory, at least for the near future.
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Patentinformation
  Objekt: IPC
  
  
• 18
  Gesell, J.: Neuauflage der Internationalen Patentklassifikation : incompatibility issues of library classification systems and subject headings in subject cataloguing.
  In: Die Klassifikation und ihr Umfeld: Proc. 10. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Klassifikation, Münster, 18.-21.6.1986. Hrsg.: P.O. Degens. Frankfurt : Indeks, 1986. S.150-157.
  (Studien zur Klassifikation; Bd.17)
  
  Abstract: Die internationale Patentklassifikation (IPC) ist mit ihrer 4. Aufl. in Englisch, Französisch und Deutsch erschienen. Sie trat am 1.1.1985 weltweit für 5 Jahre in Kraft und ersetzt seitdem die seit 1980 geltende IPC3. Die Zahl der Verzweigungen und Symbole stieg mit der letzten Auflage auf nun rund 58.500 Gruppen. Die Einführung der sog. Hybrid-Systeme mit Index-Symbolen ist sicherlich die gravierendste Neuerung in IPC4. Bisher war die IPC monohierarchisch aufgebaut, d.h. für jeden technischen Sachverhalt gab es nur eine passende Stelle im ganzen Einteilungssystem. Der erste Schritt ist nun zu einem multihierarchischen Aufbau getan. Auf bestimmten Sachgebieten ist es möglich, die mit obligatorischen Klassifikationssymbolen erfaßten Informationen mit zusätzlichen, nicht-obligatorischen Symbolen zu verknüpfen
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Patentinformation
  Objekt: IPC
  
  
• 19
  Schiffels, R.: Kategorien der Internationalen Patentklassifikation, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Einordnung von Produkten.
  In: Numerische und nicht-numerische Klassifikation zwischen Theorie und Praxis. Proc. der 5. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Klassifikation, Hofgeismar, 7.-10.4.1981. Hrsg.: Peter Ihm u.a. Frankfurt : Indeks, 1982. S.294-303.
  (Studien zur Klassifikation; Bd.10)
  
  Abstract: Nach einer kurzen historischen Einführung zur Entstehung der Internationalen Patentklassifikation wird der Begriff "Produkt" im Hinblick auf die Gegenstände erläutert, die Grundlage einer patentfähigen Innovation (Erfindung) sein können. Das Einordnungsverfahren derartiger "Produkte" in eine pragmatische technische Klassifikation wird dargestellt. Aufgrund der derzeitigen Benutzung bzw. Anwendung der Internationalen Patentklassifikation wird schließlich die Fortschreibung, Revision und weitere Entwicklung dieser Klassifikation dargestellt
  
  Themenfeld: Warenklassifikation
  Wissenschaftsfach: Patentinformation
  Objekt: IPC
  
  
• 20
  Taube, U.-F.: ¬Die Internationale Patentklassifikation (IPC) und ihre Anwendung in der Bibliothek des Deutschen Patentamtes.
  In: Bibliotheksforum Bayern. 7(1979) H.3, S.179-206.
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Patentinformation
  Objekt: IPC