Literatur zur Informationserschließung

Diese Datenbank enthält über 40.000 Dokumente zu Themen aus den Bereichen Formalerschließung – Inhaltserschließung – Information Retrieval.

© 2015 W. Gödert, TH Köln, Institut für Informationswissenschaft / Powered by litecat, BIS Oldenburg (Stand: 04. Juni 2021)

Suchergebnisse

• 1
  Boehr, D.L. ; Bushman, B.: Preparing for the future : National Library of Medicine's® project to add MeSH® RDF URIs to its bibliographic and authority records.
  In: Cataloging and classification quarterly. 56(2018) no.2/3, S.262-272.
  
  Abstract: Although it is not yet known for certain what will replace MARC, eventually bibliographic data will need to be transformed to move into a linked data environment. This article discusses why the National Library of Medicine chose to add Uniform Resource Identifiers for Medical Subject Headings as our starting point and details the process by which they were added to the MeSH MARC authority records, the legacy bibliographic records, and the records for newly cataloged items. The article outlines the various enhancement methods available, decisions made, and the rationale for the selected method.
  
  Inhalt: Vgl.: https://doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2017.1382642.
  
  Anmerkung: Beitrag in einem Heft: 'Setting standards to work and live by: A memorial Festschrift for Valerie Bross'.
  
  Themenfeld: Datenformate
  Objekt: MeSH ; MARC21
  
  
• 2
  Tavakolizadeh-Ravari, M.: Analysis of the long term dynamics in thesaurus developments and its consequences.
  In: http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/docviews/abstract.php?id=28144. Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin / Institut für Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft, 2017. 128 S.
  
  Abstract: Die Arbeit analysiert die dynamische Entwicklung und den Gebrauch von Thesaurusbegriffen. Zusätzlich konzentriert sie sich auf die Faktoren, die die Zahl von Indexbegriffen pro Dokument oder Zeitschrift beeinflussen. Als Untersuchungsobjekt dienten der MeSH und die entsprechende Datenbank "MEDLINE". Die wichtigsten Konsequenzen sind: 1. Der MeSH-Thesaurus hat sich durch drei unterschiedliche Phasen jeweils logarithmisch entwickelt. Solch einen Thesaurus sollte folgenden Gleichung folgen: "T = 3.076,6 Ln (d) - 22.695 + 0,0039d" (T = Begriffe, Ln = natürlicher Logarithmus und d = Dokumente). Um solch einen Thesaurus zu konstruieren, muss man demnach etwa 1.600 Dokumente von unterschiedlichen Themen des Bereiches des Thesaurus haben. Die dynamische Entwicklung von Thesauri wie MeSH erfordert die Einführung eines neuen Begriffs pro Indexierung von 256 neuen Dokumenten. 2. Die Verteilung der Thesaurusbegriffe erbrachte drei Kategorien: starke, normale und selten verwendete Headings. Die letzte Gruppe ist in einer Testphase, während in der ersten und zweiten Kategorie die neu hinzukommenden Deskriptoren zu einem Thesauruswachstum führen. 3. Es gibt ein logarithmisches Verhältnis zwischen der Zahl von Index-Begriffen pro Aufsatz und dessen Seitenzahl für die Artikeln zwischen einer und einundzwanzig Seiten. 4. Zeitschriftenaufsätze, die in MEDLINE mit Abstracts erscheinen erhalten fast zwei Deskriptoren mehr. 5. Die Findablity der nicht-englisch sprachigen Dokumente in MEDLINE ist geringer als die englische Dokumente. 6. Aufsätze der Zeitschriften mit einem Impact Factor 0 bis fünfzehn erhalten nicht mehr Indexbegriffe als die der anderen von MEDINE erfassten Zeitschriften. 7. In einem Indexierungssystem haben unterschiedliche Zeitschriften mehr oder weniger Gewicht in ihrem Findability. Die Verteilung der Indexbegriffe pro Seite hat gezeigt, dass es bei MEDLINE drei Kategorien der Publikationen gibt. Außerdem gibt es wenige stark bevorzugten Zeitschriften."
  
  Inhalt: Vgl.: https://www.ibi.hu-berlin.de/de/archiv/forschung/prom_habil/dissertationen/Tavakolizadeh-Ravari2007. Vgl. auch: http://mravari.blogfa.com/post-20.aspxgl.
  
  Anmerkung: Dissertation, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin - Institut für Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft.
  
  Themenfeld: Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus ; Informetrie ; Automatisches Indexieren
  Objekt: MEDLINE ; MeSH
  
  
• 3
  Liu, Y.-H. ; Wacholder, N.: Evaluating the impact of MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms on different types of searchers.
  In: Information processing and management. 53(2017) no.4, S.851-870.
  
  Abstract: A commonly used technique for improving search engine performance is result caching. In result caching, precomputed results (e.g., URLs and snippets of best matching pages) of certain queries are stored in a fast-access storage. The future occurrences of a query whose results are already stored in the cache can be directly served by the result cache, eliminating the need to process the query using costly computing resources. Although other performance metrics are possible, the main performance metric for evaluating the success of a result cache is hit rate. In this work, we present a machine learning approach to improve the hit rate of a result cache by facilitating a large number of features extracted from search engine query logs. We then apply the proposed machine learning approach to static, dynamic, and static-dynamic caching. Compared to the previous methods in the literature, the proposed approach improves the hit rate of the result cache up to 0.66%, which corresponds to 9.60% of the potential room for improvement.
  
  Inhalt: Vgl.: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2017.03.004.
  
  Themenfeld: Verbale Doksprachen für präkombinierte Einträge
  Wissenschaftsfach: Medizin
  Objekt: MeSH
  
  
• 4
  Lu, K. ; Mao, J.: ¬An automatic approach to weighted subject indexing : an empirical study in the biomedical domain.
  In: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 66(2015) no.9, S.1776-1784.
  
  Abstract: Subject indexing is an intellectually intensive process that has many inherent uncertainties. Existing manual subject indexing systems generally produce binary outcomes for whether or not to assign an indexing term. This does not sufficiently reflect the extent to which the indexing terms are associated with the documents. On the other hand, the idea of probabilistic or weighted indexing was proposed a long time ago and has seen success in capturing uncertainties in the automatic indexing process. One hurdle to overcome in implementing weighted indexing in manual subject indexing systems is the practical burden that could be added to the already intensive indexing process. This study proposes a method to infer automatically the associations between subject terms and documents through text mining. By uncovering the connections between MeSH descriptors and document text, we are able to derive the weights of MeSH descriptors manually assigned to documents. Our initial results suggest that the inference method is feasible and promising. The study has practical implications for improving subject indexing practice and providing better support for information retrieval.
  
  Inhalt: Vgl.: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.23290/abstract.
  
  Themenfeld: Indexierungsstudien ; Automatisches Indexieren
  Wissenschaftsfach: Medizin
  Objekt: MeSH
  
  
• 5
  Mu, X. ; Lu, K. ; Ryu, H.: Explicitly integrating MeSH thesaurus help into health information retrieval systems : an empirical user study.
  In: Information processing and management. 50(2014) no.1, S.24-40.
  
  Abstract: When consumers search for health information, a major obstacle is their unfamiliarity with the medical terminology. Even though medical thesauri such as the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and related tools (e.g., the MeSH Browser) were created to help consumers find medical term definitions, the lack of direct and explicit integration of these help tools into a health retrieval system prevented them from effectively achieving their objectives. To explore this issue, we conducted an empirical study with two systems: One is a simple interface system supporting query-based searching; the other is an augmented system with two new components supporting MeSH term searching and MeSH tree browsing. A total of 45 subjects were recruited to participate in the study. The results indicated that the augmented system is more effective than the simple system in terms of improving user-perceived topic familiarity and question-answer performance, even though we did not find users spend more time on the augmented system. The two new MeSH help components played a critical role in participants' health information retrieval and were found to allow them to develop new search strategies. The findings of the study enhanced our understanding of consumers' search behaviors and shed light on the design of future health information retrieval systems.
  
  Inhalt: Vgl.: doi: 10.1016/j.ipm.2013.03.005.
  
  Themenfeld: Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus ; Verbale Doksprachen im Online-Retrieval
  Wissenschaftsfach: Medizin
  Objekt: MeSH
  
  
• 6
  Leydesdorff, L. ; Opthof, T.: Citation analysis with medical subject Headings (MeSH) using the Web of Knowledge : a new routine.
  In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 64(2013) no.5, S.1076-1080.
  (Brief communication)
  
  Abstract: Citation analysis of documents retrieved from the Medline database (at the Web of Knowledge) has been possible only on a case-by-case basis. A technique is presented here for citation analysis in batch mode using both Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) at the Web of Knowledge and the Science Citation Index at the Web of Science (WoS). This freeware routine is applied to the case of "Brugada Syndrome," a specific disease and field of research (since 1992). The journals containing these publications, for example, are attributed to WoS categories other than "cardiac and cardiovascular systems", perhaps because of the possibility of genetic testing for this syndrome in the clinic. With this routine, all the instruments available for citation analysis can now be used on the basis of MeSH terms. Other options for crossing between Medline, WoS, and Scopus are also reviewed.
  
  Themenfeld: Informetrie ; Citation indexing
  Wissenschaftsfach: Medizin
  Objekt: MeSH ; Web of Knowledge
  
  
• 7
  Julien, C.-A. ; Tirilly, P. ; Dinneen, J.D. ; Guastavino, C.: Reducing subject tree browsing complexity.
  In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 64(2013) no.11, S.2201-2223.
  
  Abstract: Many large digital collections are currently organized by subject; although useful, these information organization structures are large and complex and thus difficult to browse. Current online tools and visualization prototypes show small, localized subsets and do not provide the ability to explore the predominant patterns of the overall subject structure. This study describes subject tree modifications that facilitate browsing for documents by capitalizing on the highly uneven distribution of real-world collections. The approach is demonstrated on two large collections organized by the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Results show that the LCSH subject tree can be reduced to 49% of its initial complexity while maintaining access to 83% of the collection, and the MeSH tree can be reduced to 45% of its initial complexity while maintaining access to 97% of the collection. A simple solution to negate the loss of access is discussed. The visual impact is demonstrated by using traditional outline views and a slider control allowing searchers to change the subject structure dynamically according to their needs. This study has implications for the development of information organization theory and human-information interaction techniques for subject trees.
  
  Themenfeld: Visualisierung
  Objekt: LCSH ; MeSH
  
  
• 8
  Lee, D.H. ; Schleyer, T.: Social tagging is no substitute for controlled indexing : a comparison of Medical Subject Headings and CiteULike tags assigned to 231,388 papers.
  In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 63(2012) no.9, S.1747-1757.
  
  Abstract: Social tagging and controlled indexing both facilitate access to information resources. Given the increasing popularity of social tagging and the limitations of controlled indexing (primarily cost and scalability), it is reasonable to investigate to what degree social tagging could substitute for controlled indexing. In this study, we compared CiteULike tags to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms for 231,388 citations indexed in MEDLINE. In addition to descriptive analyses of the data sets, we present a paper-by-paper analysis of tags and MeSH terms: the number of common annotations, Jaccard similarity, and coverage ratio. In the analysis, we apply three increasingly progressive levels of text processing, ranging from normalization to stemming, to reduce the impact of lexical differences. Annotations of our corpus consisted of over 76,968 distinct tags and 21,129 distinct MeSH terms. The top 20 tags/MeSH terms showed little direct overlap. On a paper-by-paper basis, the number of common annotations ranged from 0.29 to 0.5 and the Jaccard similarity from 2.12% to 3.3% using increased levels of text processing. At most, 77,834 citations (33.6%) shared at least one annotation. Our results show that CiteULike tags and MeSH terms are quite distinct lexically, reflecting different viewpoints/processes between social tagging and controlled indexing.
  
  Themenfeld: Indexierungsstudien ; Social tagging
  Wissenschaftsfach: Medizin
  Objekt: MeSH ; CiteULike ; MEDLINE
  
  
• 9
  McTavish, J.R. ; Neal, D.R. ; Wathen, C.N.: Is What You See What You Get? : Medical Subject Headings and their organizing work in the violence against women research literature.
  In: Knowledge organization. 38(2011) no.5, S.381-397.
  
  Abstract: In this paper we argue that the broader definition of classification offered by sociologistsand by Geoffrey Bowker and Susan Leigh Star addresses pertinentknowledge organization processes that we can use to investigate the moral, scientific, and aesthetic implications of different kinds of knowledge organization systems. We do so by systematically investigating the organization of the violence against women research literature by medical, allied health, and social sciences bibliographic databases and in particular by the National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Our findings indicate that underlying these knowledge organization systems are certain discourses on violence against women that may reinforce a gender-neutral understanding of violence.
  
  Anmerkung: Vgl.: http://www.ergon-verlag.de/isko_ko/downloads/ko_38_2011_5b.pdf.
  
  Objekt: MeSH
  
  
• 10
  Assem, M. van: Converting and integrating vocabularies for the Semantic Web.
  Amsterdam : Vrije Universiteit, 2010. IV, 186 S.
  ISBN 978-90-8659-483-2
  (SIKS Dissertation Series No. 2010-40)
  
  Abstract: This thesis focuses on conversion of vocabularies for representation and integration of collections on the Semantic Web. A secondary focus is how to represent metadata schemas (RDF Schemas representing metadata element sets) such that they interoperate with vocabularies. The primary domain in which we operate is that of cultural heritage collections. The background worldview in which a solution is sought is that of the Semantic Web research paradigmwith its associated theories, methods, tools and use cases. In other words, we assume the SemanticWeb is in principle able to provide the context to realize interoperable collections. Interoperability is dependent on the interplay between representations and the applications that use them. We mean applications in the widest sense, such as "search" and "annotation". These applications or tasks are often present in software applications, such as the E-Culture application. It is therefore necessary that applications requirements on the vocabulary representation are met. This leads us to formulate the following problem statement: HOW CAN EXISTING VOCABULARIES BE MADE AVAILABLE TO SEMANTIC WEB APPLICATIONS? ; We refine the problem statement into three research questions. The first two focus on the problem of conversion of a vocabulary to a Semantic Web representation from its original format. Conversion of a vocabulary to a representation in a Semantic Web language is necessary to make the vocabulary available to SemanticWeb applications. In the last question we focus on integration of collection metadata schemas in a way that allows for vocabulary representations as produced by our methods. Academisch proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Dutch Research School for Information and Knowledge Systems.
  
  Inhalt: Vgl. unter: http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mark/papers/thesis-mfjvanassem.pdf.
  
  Themenfeld: Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus ; Wissensrepräsentation
  Objekt: OWL ; RDF ; Art and architecture thesaurus ; WordNet ; SKOS ; MeSH
  
  
• 11
  Eerola, J. ; Vakkari, P.: How a general and a specific thesaurus cover expressions in patients' questions and physicians' answers.
  In: Journal of documentation. 64(2008) no.1, S.131-142.
  
  Abstract: Purpose - This paper sets out to examine the degree to which General Finnish Thesaurus (GFT) and FinMeSH cover various semantic expressions of medical concepts in patients' questions and physicians' answers concerning cardiovascular diseases. The former represents lay persons' information needs. Design/methodology/approach - A total of 50 question-answer pairs were collected in a medical web site. Concepts and their expressions (terms) with their semantic relations were identified in questions and answers. Findings - FinMeSH covered 65 per cent and GFT 41 per cent of all medical terms in texts. The expressions of patients and physicians matched better with FinMeSH than GFT regardless of the type of expression. The difference in favour of FinMeSH was typically about 25 per cent-units. Originality/value - The low fit with users' vocabularies makes GFT a poor tool for supporting searching, whereas the relatively high fit of FinMeSH suggests that it is a reasonable tool in assisting searching. Conclusions concerning the bridging of these two thesauri are discussed.
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Medizin
  Objekt: General Finnish Thesaurus ; FinMeSH
  
  
• 12
  Tang, M.-C.: Browsing and searching in a faceted information space : a naturalistic study of PubMed users' interaction with a display tool.
  In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 58(2007) no.13, S.1998-2006.
  
  Abstract: The study adopts a naturalistic approach to investigate users' interaction with a browsable MeSH (medical subject headings) display designed to facilitate query construction for the PubMed bibliographic database. The purpose of the study is twofold: first, to test the usefulness of a browsable interface utilizing the principle of faceted classification; and second, to investigate users' preferred query submission methods in different problematic situations. An interface that incorporated multiple query submission methods - the conventional single-line query box as well as methods associated the faceted classification display was constructed. Participants' interactions with the interface were monitored remotely over a period of 10 weeks; information about their problematic situations and information retrieval behaviors were also collected during this time. The traditional controlled experiment was not adequate in answering the author's research questions; hence, the author provides his rationale for a naturalistic approach. The study's findings show that there is indeed a selective compatibility between query submission methods provided by the MeSH display and users' problematic situations. The query submission methods associated with the display were found to be the preferred search tools when users' information needs were vague and the search topics unfamiliar. The findings support the theoretical proposition that users engaging in an information retrieval process with a variety of problematic situations need different approaches. The author argues that rather than treat the information retrieval system as a general purpose tool, more attention should be given to the interaction between the functionality of the tool and the characteristics of users' problematic situations.
  
  Themenfeld: Benutzerstudien ; Visualisierung ; Suchoberflächen
  Objekt: MeSH
  
  
• 13
  Womack, K.R.: Conformity for conformity's sake? : the choice of a classification system and a subject heading system in academic health sciences libraries.
  In: Cataloging and classification quarterly. 42(2006) no.1, S.93-115.
  
  Abstract: This article investigates classification and subject heading systems used in academic health sciences libraries and the reasons these systems were chosen. The study also ascertains the respective systems used at the general libraries at the same academic institutions, in order to find out if there is a desire for conformity. Specific attention is paid to the question whether a shared OPAC (Online Public Access Catalog) may play a role in this desire. The results show that 75% of the survey participants from academic health sciences libraries use primarily the NLM (National Library of Medicine) classification system and 95% use MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). General libraries at the same institutions overwhelmingly use the systems developed by the Library of Congress. The most compelling reason for the use of NLM systems is that they are considered the most appropriate for medical collections.
  
  Inhalt: Vgl. auch: http://catalogingandclassificationquarterly.com/
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Medizin
  Objekt: NLM classification system ; MeSH
  Land/Ort: USA
  
  
• 14
  Berg-Schorn, E.: MeSH 2006: Deutsche Version lieferbar.
  In: Online Mitteilungen. 2006, Nr.86, S.45 [=Mitteilungen VÖB 59(2006) H.2].
  
  Abstract: Beim DIMDI erhalten Sie ab sofort die aktuelle deutsche Übersetzung des Thesaurus Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) 2006 der National Library of Medicine (NLM). Auf Anfrage liefern wir die neue Version 11.0 (Stand 2006) als kostenpflichtige XML-Datei auf CD-ROM. Gegenüber 2005 enthält derThesaurus 933 neue Deskriptoren. Andere wurden nach der aktuellen Terminologie umbenannt, obsolete Benennungen entfielen ganz. Da jede Deskriptorklasse in Konzepte und Unterkonzepte mit zugehörigen Begriffen unterteilt ist, beträgt die tatsächliche Zahl neuer Bezeichnungen etwa das Fünffache. Der laufend weiterentwickelte Thesaurus umfasst jetzt 23.880 Hauptschlagwörter (Main Headings). Zum Vergleich: vor zehn Jahren gab die NLM erst 18.436 Deskriptoren an. Zuwachs verzeichnet vor allem die Kategorie Chemische Substanzen, Drogen und Arzneimittel mit 684 neuen Schlagwörtern. Zahlreiche neue Begriffe enthalten auch die Kategorien Organismen, Krankheiten, Biowissenschaften, Anatomie sowie Analytische, diagnostische und therapeutische Verfahren und Geräte. Neue Deskriptoren sind beispielsweise Kalziumaktivierte Kaliumkanäle mit großer Leitfähigkeit, Tritonia-Meeresschnecke, Mesangiumzellen oder Bariatrische Chirurgie. Das DIMDI übersetzt den MeSH in enger Anlehnung an die amerikanische Vorlage und ist offizieller Herausgeber der deutschen Version (inkl. Urheberrechte). Der Thesaurus ist Bestandteil des UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) der NLM. Übersetzungen liegen auch in Finnisch, Französisch, Italienisch, Portugiesisch, Russisch und Spanisch vor.
  
  Themenfeld: Thesauri
  Objekt: MeSH
  
  
• 15
  Swanson, D.R. ; Smalheiser, N.R. ; Torvik, V.I.: Ranking indirect connections in literature-based discovery : the role of Medical Subject Headings.
  In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57(2006) no.11, S.1427-1439.
  
  Abstract: Arrowsmith, a computer-assisted process for literature-based discovery, takes as input two disjoint sets of records (A, C) from the Medline database. lt produces a list of title words and phrases, B, that are common to A and C, and displays the title context in which each B-term occurs within A and within C. Subject experts then can try to find A-B and B-C title-pairs that together may suggest novel and plausible indirect A-C relationships (via B-terms) that are of particular interest in the absence of any known direct A-C relationship. The list of B-terms typically is so large that it is difficult to find the relatively few that contribute to scientifically interesting connections. The purpose of the present article is to propose and test several techniques for improving the quality of the B-Iist. These techniques exploit the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) that are assigned to each input record. A MesH-based concept of literature cohesiveness is defined and plays a key rote. The proposed techniques are tested an a published example of indirect connections between migraine and magnesium deficiency. The tests demonstrate how the earlier results can be replicated with a more efficient and more systematic computer-aided process.
  
  Themenfeld: Informationsdienstleistungen
  Wissenschaftsfach: Medizin
  Objekt: MeSH
  
  
• 16
  Cazan, C.: Medizinische Ontologien : das Ende des MeSH.
  In: GMS Med Bibl Inf. 6(2006) H.3, Doc31.
  
  Abstract: Die Komplexizität medizinischer Fragestellungen und des medizinischen Informationsmanagements war seit den Anfängen der Informatik immer ein besonders wichtiges Thema. Trotz des Scheiterns der Künstlichen Intelligenz in den 80er Jahren des vorigen Jahrhunderts haben deren Kernideen Früchte getragen. Durch kongruente Entwicklung einer Reihe anderer Wissenschaftsdisziplinen und der exponentiellen Entwicklung im Bereich Computerhardware konnten die gestellten, hohen Anforderungen bei der medizinischen Informationssuche doch noch erfüllt werden. Die programmatische Forderung von Tim Berners-Lee betreffend "Semantic Web" im Jahr 2000 hat dem Thema Ontologien für maschinenlesbare Repositorien in Allgemein- und Fachsprache breitere Aufmerksamkeit gewonnen. Da in der Medizin (PubMed) mit dem von NLM schon vor 20 Jahren entwickelten Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) eine funktionierende Ontologie in Form eines semantischen Netzes in Betrieb ist, ist es auch für Medizinbibliothekare und Medizindokumentare hoch an der Zeit, sich damit zu beschäftigen. Ontologien können im Wesen, trotz der informatisch vernebelnden Terminologie, als Werkzeuge der Klassifikation verstanden werden. Hier sind von seiten der Bibliotheks- und Dokumentationswissenschaft wesentliche Beiträge möglich. Der vorliegende Bericht bietet einen Einstieg in das Thema, erklärt wesentliche Elemente des UMLS und schließt mit einer kommentierten Anmerkungs- und Literaturliste für die weitere Beschäftigung mit Ontologien.
  
  Inhalt: Dieser Aufsatz ist kein Abgesang auf MeSH (= Medical Subject Headings in Medline/PubMed), wie man/frau vielleicht vermuten könnte. Vielmehr wird - ohne informatiklastiges Fachchinesisch - an Hand des von der National Library of Medicine entwickelten Unified Medical Language System erklärt, worin die Anforderungen an Ontologien bestehen, die im Zusammenhang mit dem Semantic Web allerorten eingefordert und herbeigewünscht werden. Eine Lektüre für Einsteigerinnen, die zum Vertiefen der gewonnenen Begriffssicherheit an Hand der weiterführenden Literaturhinweise anregt. Da das UMLS hier vor allem als Beispiel verwendet wird, werden auch Bibliothekarlnnen, Dokumentarlnnen und Informationsspezialistinnen anderer Fachbereiche den Aufsatz mit Gewinn lesen - und erfahren, dass unser Fachwissen aus der Sacherschließung und der Verwendung und Mitgestaltung von Normdateien und Thesauri bei der Entwicklung von Ontologien gefragt ist! (Eveline Pipp, Universitätsbibliothek Innsbruck). - Die elektronische Version dieses Artikels ist verfügbar unter: http://www.egms.de/en/journals/mbi/2006-6/mbi000049.shtml.
  
  Themenfeld: Semantic Web ; Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
  Objekt: MeSH ; UMLS
  
  
• 17
  Vizine-Goetz, D. ; Houghton, A. ; Childress, E.: Web services for controlled vocabularies.
  In: Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 33(2006) no.5, S.xx-xx.
  
  Abstract: Amid the debates about whether folksonomies will supplant controlled vocabularies and whether the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) and Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) system have outlived their usefulness, libraries, museums and other organizations continue to require efficient, effective access to controlled vocabularies for creating consistent metadata for their collections . In this article, we present an approach for using Web services to interact with controlled vocabularies. Services are implemented within a service-oriented architecture (SOA) framework. SOA is an approach to distributed computing where services are loosely coupled and discoverable on the network. A set of experimental services for controlled vocabularies is provided through the Microsoft Office (MS) Research task pane (a small window or sidebar that opens up next to Internet Explorer (IE) and other Microsoft Office applications). The research task pane is a built-in feature of IE when MS Office 2003 is loaded. The research pane enables a user to take advantage of a number of research and reference services accessible over the Internet. Web browsers, such as Mozilla Firefox and Opera, also provide sidebars which could be used to deliver similar, loosely-coupled Web services.
  
  Anmerkung: Available online at: http://www.asis.org/Bulletin/Jun-06/vizine-goetz_houghton_childress.html.
  
  Themenfeld: Semantische Interoperabilität
  Objekt: LCSH ; MeSH
  
  
• 18
  Assem, M. van ; Malaisé, V. ; Miles, A. ; Schreiber, G.: ¬A method to convert thesauri to SKOS.
  In: http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mark/papers/Assem06b.pdf.
  
  Abstract: Thesauri can be useful resources for indexing and retrieval on the Semantic Web, but often they are not published in RDF/OWL. To convert thesauri to RDF for use in Semantic Web applications and to ensure the quality and utility of the conversion a structured method is required. Moreover, if different thesauri are to be interoperable without complicated mappings, a standard schema for thesauri is required. This paper presents a method for conversion of thesauri to the SKOS RDF/OWL schema, which is a proposal for such a standard under development by W3Cs Semantic Web Best Practices Working Group. We apply the method to three thesauri: IPSV, GTAA and MeSH. With these case studies we evaluate our method and the applicability of SKOS for representing thesauri.
  
  Themenfeld: Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus ; Wissensrepräsentation
  Objekt: OWL ; RDF ; SKOS ; MeSH
  
  
• 19
  Wielinga, B. ; Wielemaker, J. ; Schreiber, G. ; Assem, M. van: Methods for porting resources to the Semantic Web.
  In: Proceedings of the First European Semantic Web Symposium (ESWS2004), Eds.: C. Bussler, J. Davies, D. Fensel and R. Studer. 2004. S.299-311.
  
  Abstract: Ontologies will play a central role in the development of the Semantic Web. It is unrealistic to assume that such ontologies will be developed from scratch. Rather, we assume that existing resources such as thesauri and lexical data bases will be reused in the development of ontologies for the Semantic Web. In this paper we describe a method for converting existing source material to a representation that is compatible with Semantic Web languages such as RDF(S) and OWL. The method is illustrated with three case studies: converting Wordnet, AAT and MeSH to RDF(S) and OWL.
  
  Inhalt: Vgl. unter: http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mark/papers/Wielinga04a.pdf.
  
  Themenfeld: Wissensrepräsentation ; Semantic Web
  Objekt: RDF ; OWL ; MeSH ; WortNet ; Art and architecture thesaurus
  
  
• 20
  Assem, M. van ; Menken, M.R. ; Schreiber, G. ; Wielemaker, J. ; Wielinga, B.: ¬A method for converting thesauri to RDF/OWL.
  In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC'04). Eds. D. Plexousakis and F. van Harmelen. Heidelberg : Springer, 2004. S.17-31.
  (Lecture notes in computer science; no.3298)
  
  Abstract: This paper describes a method for converting existing thesauri and related resources from their native format to RDF(S) and OWL. The method identifies four steps in the conversion process. In each step, decisions have to be taken with respect to the syntax or semantics of the resulting representation. Each step is supported through a number of guidelines. The method is illustrated through conversions of two large thesauri: MeSH and WordNet.
  
  Inhalt: Vgl. unter: http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mark/papers/Assem04a.pdf.
  
  Themenfeld: Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus ; Wissensrepräsentation
  Objekt: OWL ; RDF ; MeSH ; WordNet